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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Jurisdiction and Access
Bangladesh
- English(1) There shall be a Supreme Court for Bangladesh (to be known as the Supreme Court of Bangladesh) comprising the Appellate Division and the High Court Division.
… (Art. 94) - Bengali(১) "বাংলাদেশ সুপ্রীম কোর্ট" নামে বাংলাদেশের একটি সর্বোচ্চ আদালত থাকিবে এবং আপীল বিভাগ ও হাইকোর্ট বিভাগ লইয়া তাহা গঠিত হইবে।
… (অনুচ্ছেদ ৯৪)
Jurisdiction and Access
Estonia
- EnglishThe Chancellor of Justice is a government official who scrutinises legislative instruments of the legislative and executive branch of government and of local authorities for conformity with the Constitution and the laws, and who is independent in discharging his or her duties.
… (Sec. 139) - EstonianÕiguskantsler on oma tegevuses sõltumatu ametiisik, kes teostab järelevalvet seadusandliku ja täidesaatva riigivõimu ning kohaliku omavalitsuse õigustloovate aktide põhiseadusele ja seadustele vastavuse üle.
… (§ 139)
Jurisdiction and Access
Cabo Verde
- English…
4. The proposals for a referendum shall be subject to preventive review with respect to their constitutionality and legality.
… (Art. 103) - Portuguese…
4. As propostas de referendo estão sujeitas à fiscalização preventive da constitucionalidade e da legalidade.
… (Art. 103)
Jurisdiction and Access
South Africa
- English...
(3) The Constitutional Court-
(a) is the highest court of the Republic; and
(b) may decide -
(i) constitutional matters; and
(ii) any other matter, if the Constitutional Court grants leave to appeal on the grounds that the matter raises an arguable point of law of general public importance which ought to be considered by that Court; and
(c) makes the final decision whether a matter is within its jurisdiction.
(4) Only the Constitutional Court may -
(a) decide disputes between organs of state in the national or provincial sphere concerning the constitutional status, powers or functions of any of those organs of state;
(b) decide on the constitutionality of any parliamentary or provincial Bill, but may do so only in the circumstances anticipated in section 79 or 121;
(c) decide applications envisaged in section 80 or 122;
(d) decide on the constitutionality of any amendment to the Constitution;
(e) decide that Parliament or the President has failed to fulfil a constitutional obligation; or
(f) certify a provincial constitution in terms of section 144.
(5) The Constitutional Court makes the final decision whether an Act of Parliament, a provincial Act or conduct of the President is constitutional, and must confirm any order of invalidity made by the Supreme Court of Appeal, the High Court of South Africa, or a court of similar status, before that order has any force.
(6) National legislation or the rules of the Constitutional Court must allow a person, when it is in the interests of justice and with leave of the Constitutional Court—
(a) to bring a matter directly to the Constitutional Court; or
(b) to appeal directly to the Constitutional Court from any other court.
(7) A constitutional matter includes any issue involving the interpretation, protection or enforcement of the Constitution. (Sec. 167)
Jurisdiction and Access
Cyprus
- English1. A party to any judicial proceedings, including proceedings on appeal, may, at any stage thereof, raise the question of the unconstitutionality of any law or decision or any provision thereof material for the determination of any matter at issue in such proceedings and thereupon the Court before which such question is raised shall reserve the question for the decision of the Supreme Constitutional Court and stay further proceedings until such question is determined by the Supreme Constitutional Court.
… (Art. 144) - Greek1. Πας διάδικος δικαιούται, καθ’ οιονδήποτε στάδιον της διαδικασίας συμπεριλαμβανομένης και της κατ’ έφεσιν, να εγείρη ζήτημα αντισυνταγματικότητος νόμου ή αποφάσεως η διατάξεώς τινος αυτών ουσιώδους δια την διάγνωσιν της εκκρεμούς ενώπιον του δικαστηρίου υποθέσεως. Tο δικαστήριο, ενώπιον του οποίου εγείρεται το ζήτημα, παραπέμπει παρευθύς τούτο ενώπιον του Aνωτάτου Συνταγματικού Δικαστηρίου και αναστέλλει την πρόοδον της διαδικασίας, μέχρις ου αποφανθή επ αυτού το Aνώτατον Συνταγματικόν Δικαστήριο.
… (Αρθρον 144) - Turkish1. Herhangi bir adli muameledeki bir taraf, temyiz muameleleri dâhil olmak üzere, bu muamelenin herhangi bir safhasında bu muameledeki uyuşmazlık konularından herhangi birinin karara bağlanmasında etkisi olan herhangi bir kanunun veya kararın ya da onun herhangi bir hükmünün Anayasaya aykırılığı meselesini ileri sürebilir ve bunun üzerine, önüne böyle bir mesele ileri sürülen mahkeme, bu meseleyi, karar vermesi için Yüksek Anayasa Mahkemesine sunar ve bu mesele hakkında Yüksek Anayasa Mahkemesince bir karar verilinceye kadar bu muameleyi durdurur.
... (Madde 144)
Jurisdiction and Access
Latvia
- EnglishIn Latvia, there shall be a Constitutional Court, which, within its jurisdiction as provided for by law, shall review cases concerning the conformity of laws with the Constitution, as well as other cases conferred within the jurisdiction thereof by law. The Constitutional Court is entitled to declare laws or other enactments or parts thereof invalid.
… (Art. 85) - LatvianLatvijā pastāv Satversmes tiesa, kas likumā noteiktās kompetences ietvaros izskata lietas par likumu atbilstību Satversmei, kā arī citas ar likumu tās kompetencē nodotās lietas. Satversmes tiesa ir tiesīga atzīt par spēkā neesošiem likumus un citus aktus vai to daļas.
... (Art. 85)
Jurisdiction and Access
Comoros
- EnglishThe Supreme Court is the highest jurisdiction of the Union in judicial, administrative, [and] constitutional matters and [matters] of accounts.
… (Art. 96) - Arabicالمحكمة العليا هي أعلى سلطة قضائية في الاتحاد في الشؤون والحسابات القضائية والإدارية والدستورية.
... (المادة 96) - FrenchLa Cour Suprême est la plus haute juridiction de l’Union en matière judiciaire, administrative, constitutionnelle, électorale et des comptes.
… (Art. 96)
Jurisdiction and Access
Zimbabwe
- English(1) The High Court—
…
(c) may decide constitutional matters except those that only the Constitutional Court may decide;
… (Sec. 171)
Jurisdiction and Access
Netherlands
- English
The constitutionality of Acts of Parliament and treaties shall not be reviewed by the courts. (Art. 120)
- Dutch
De rechter treedt niet in de beoordeling van de grondwettigheid van wetten en verdragen. (Art. 120)
Jurisdiction and Access
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
- EnglishThe Constitutional Court is the judge of the exceptions of unconstitutionality raised before or by a jurisdiction.
Any person may refer the Constitution Court to [a matter concerning] the unconstitutionality of any legislative or regulatory act.
In addition, he may refer the Constitutional Court to [a matter], by the procedure of the exception of unconstitutionality invoked in a matter concerning him before a jurisdiction.
That [jurisdiction] stays [its] decision and refers the Constitutional Court to [it], all [other] matters ceasing. (Art. 162) - FrenchLa Cour constitutionnelle est juge de l’exception d’inconstitutionnalité soulevée devant ou par une juridiction.
Toute personne peut saisir la Cour constitutionnelle pour inconstitutionnalité de tout acte législatif ou réglementaire.
Elle peut, en outre, saisir la Cour constitutionnelle, par la procédure de l’exception de l’inconstitutionnalité invoquée dans une affaire qui la concerne devant une juridiction.
Celle-ci sursoit à statuer et saisit, toutes affaires cessantes, la Cour constitutionnelle. (Art. 162)