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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
National level
- English(1) For the purposes of the election of women Members of Parliament mentioned in Article 66(1) (b), political parties which took part in the general election in accordance with the procedure laid down and obtained at least five percentum of the total valid voters for Parliamentary election, shall propose to the Electoral Commission the names of women on the basis of the proportion of votes obtained by each party in the Parliamentary election.
(2) Notwithstanding the provisions of subarticle (1), the following votes shall be counted as valid votes for the unopposed Member of Parliament in the constituent –
(a) where a political party has nominated a Presidential candidate, presidential votes cast in the constituency for a Presidential candidate from that political party; or
(b) where a political party has not nominated a presidential candidate, fifty one percentum of the votes of the total voters registered in the respective constituency.
(3) The names of the persons proposed to the Electoral Commission in accordance with subarticle (1) shall be declared to be the results of the election after the Commission is satisfied that the relevant provisions of the Constitution and of other legislation have been complied with.
(4) The list of names for women candidates submitted to the Electoral Commission by each political party for general election shall be the list to be applied by the Electoral Commission after consultation of the party concerned, for purpose of filling any vacancy of Members of Parliament of this category whenever the vacancy occurs during the life of Parliament. (Art. 78)
Subnational levels
- English...
I. Each municipality will be governed by an Ayuntamiento [Local or Town Council] of direct popular election, composed of a Municipal President [masculine] [Presidente Municipal] or a Municipal President [feminine] and the number of offices of the regidores [aldermen] and offices of the síndicos [trustees] that the law determines, in accordance with the principle of parity [of gender].
... (Art. 115) - Spanish...
I. Cada Municipio será gobernado por un Ayuntamiento de elección popular directa, integrado por un Presidente o Presidenta Municipal y el número de regidurías y sindicaturas que la ley determine, de conformidad con el principio de paridad.
… (Art. 115)
Subnational levels
- English
(1) The members of the Provincial Assembly shall, within fifteen days of the date of holding of the first meeting of the Provincial Assembly, elect a Speaker of Province and a Deputy Speaker of Province from amongst themselves.
(2) Election pursuant to clause (1) shall be so held that there is one woman out of the Speaker of Province and the Deputy Speaker of Province, and the Speaker of Province and the Deputy Speaker of Province shall be representatives from different parties.
… (Art. 182) - Nepali
(१) प्रदेश सभाको पहिलो बैठक प्रारम्भ भएको मितिले पन्ध्र दिनभित्र प्रदेश सभाका सदस्यहरूले आफूमध्येबाट प्रदेश सभामुख र प्रदेश उपसभामुखको निर्वाचन गर्नेछन् ।
(२) उपधारा (१) बमोजिम निर्वाचन गर्दा प्रदेश सभामुख वा प्रदेश उपसभामुख मध्ये एक जना महिला हुने गरी गर्नु पर्नेछ र प्रदेश सभामुख वा प्रदेश उपसभामुख फरक फरक दलको प्रतिनिधि हुनु पर्नेछ ।
... (धारा १८२)
Subnational levels
- EnglishCounty governments established under this Constitution shall reflect the following principles
…
(c) no more than two-thirds of the members of representative bodies in each county government shall be of the same gender. (Art. 175) - SwahiliSerikali za kaunti zilizoanzishwa chini ya Katiba hii zitaongozwa na kanuni zifuatazo
…
(c) hakuna zaidi ya theluthi mbili ya wajumbe wa vyombo vya wawakilishi katika kila serikali ya kaunti watakuwa wa jinsia moja. (Kifungu cha 175)
Subnational levels
- English1. The composition of regional assembly shall be prescribed by Act of Parliament and shall consist of-
a. directly elected representatives elected on the basis of universal adult suffrage at elections conducted by the Electoral Commission;
b. representatives of women, who shall not be less than one-third of the membership;
c. representatives of the youth and persons with disabilities;
d. representatives of indigenous cultural interests in areas where there is a traditional or cultural leader, nominated by the traditional or cultural leader but not exceeding fifteen percent of the members of the regional assembly; and
e. district chairpersons in the region who shall be ex-officio members with no right to vote.
… (Fifth Schedule: Regional governments, Art. 2)
Subnational levels
- English(1) Each Municipality shall have a Municipal Assembly.
(2) A Municipal Assembly under clause (1) shall consist of the Mayor and the Deputy Mayor of the Municipal Executive, Ward Chairpersons, and four members elected from each Ward and members of the Municipal Executive elected from Dalit or minority communities pursuant to clause (4) of Article 216.
(3) A Municipal Assembly to be formed under clause (1) shall have representation of at least two women from each Ward.
… (Art. 223) - Nepali(१) प्रत्येक नगरपालिकामा एक नगर सभा रहनेछ ।
(२) उपधारा (१) बमोजिमको नगर सभामा नगरकार्यपालिकाका प्रमुख र उपप्रमुख, वडा अध्यक्ष र प्रत्येक वडाबाट निर्वाचित चारजना सदस्य र धारा २१६ को उपधारा (४) बमोजिम दलित वा अल्पसंख्यक समुदायबाट निर्वाचित नगर कार्यपालिकाका सदस्य रहनेछन् ।
(३) उपधारा (१) बमोजिम गठन हुने नगर सभामा प्रत्येक वडाबाट कम्तीमा दुईजना महिलाको प्रतिनिधित्व हुनेछ ।
... (धारा २२३)
Subnational levels
- English…
(2) The Electoral Law must make provision, consistent with this Chapter11, for the filling of vacancies in the seats of the members of provincial councils referred to in section 268(1)(f) and in the offices of chairpersons of provincial councils, which vacancies must be filled—
(a) by persons belonging to the same political parties as those who previously held the seats or offices; and
(b) except in the case of chairpersons, by a person of the same gender as the persons who previously held the seats. (Sec. 273)
Subnational levels
- English…
(6) When a seat reserved for women or non-Muslims in the National Assembly or a Provincial Assembly falls vacant, on account of death, resignation or disqualification of a member, it shall be filled by the next person in order of precedence from the party list of the candidates to be submitted to the Election Commission by the political party whose member has vacated such seat.
Provided that if at any time the party list is exhausted, the concerned political party may submit a name for any vacancy which may occur thereafter. (Art. 224) - Urdu…
(۶) جب قومی اسمبلی یا کسی صوبائی اسمبلی میں خواتین اور غیر مسلموں کے لئے ممختص نشست, موت کی وجہ سے، استعفی یا رکن کی نا اہلیت کی بناء پر خالی ہو گئ ہو، تو اسے اس سیاسی جماعت جس کے رکن کی موت کی وجہ سےوہ نشست خالی ہو ئی ، کی جانب سے الیکشن کمیشن کو امیدواران کی داخل کردہ جماعتی فہرست میں سے بلحاظ مقدم ترین شخص سے پر کی جائے گی؛
مگر شرط یہ ہے کہ اگر کسی بھی وقت پر جماعتی فہرست ختم ہو جائے تو، متعلقہ سیاسی جماعت کسی آسامی کے لئے نام پیش کرے گی جو کہ اس کے بعد آئے۔ (آرٹیکل ۲۲۴)
Subnational levels
- EnglishThe law will determine the forms and modalities that correspond, to observe the principle of parity of gender in the appointments of the titular persons of the offices of the secretariats [secretarías de despacho] of the Federal Executive Power and their equivalents in the federative entities. The same principle will be observed in the composition of the autonomous organs [organismos].
... (Art. 41) - SpanishLa ley determinará las formas y modalidades que correspondan, para observar el principio de paridad de género en los nombramientos de las personas titulares de las secretarías de despacho del Poder Ejecutivo Federal y sus equivalentes en las entidades federativas. En la integración de los organismos autónomos se observará el mismo principio.
... (Art. 41)
Subnational levels
- English
(1) Each Provincial Assembly shall consist of a number of members as follows:-
(a) Members in a number that is twice as many as the number of members elected to the House of Representatives from the concerned Province, through the first past the post electoral system;
(b) The number of members to be set pursuant to clause (a) shall be considered to be sixty percent, and the rest forty percent members to be elected, through the proportional electoral system.
…
(9) Notwithstanding anything contained elsewhere in this Article, at least one third of the total number of members elected from each political party representing in the Provincial Assembly shall be women. In case women are not so elected as to constitute one third of the elected members of any political party pursuant to subclause (a) of clause (1), such political party shall, in electing members pursuant to sub-clause (b) of that clause, so elect that women members constitute at least one third of the total number of members elected to the Provincial Assembly from that party.
… (Art. 176) - Nepali
(१) प्रत्येक प्रदेश सभामा देहाय बमोजिमको संख्यामा सदस्य रहनेछन्:
(क) सम्बन्धित प्रदेशबाट प्रतिनिधि सभामा पहिलो हुने निर्वाचित हुने निर्वाचन प्रणाली बमोजिम निर्वाचित हुने सदस्य संख्याको दोब्बर संख्यामा हुन आउने सदस्य,
(ख) खण्ड (क) बमोजिम कायम हुने सदस्य संख्यालाई साठी प्रतिशत मानी बाँकी चालीस प्रतिशतमा समानुपातिक निर्वाचन प्रणालीबाट निर्वाचित हुने सदस्य ।
...
(९) यस धारामा अन्यत्र जुनसुकै कुरा लेखिएको भए तापनि प्रदेश सभामा प्रतिनिधित्व गर्ने प्रत्येक राजनीतिक दलबाट निर्वाचित कुल सदस्य संख्याको कम्तीमा एक तिहाइ सदस्य महिला हुनु पर्नेछ । त्यसरी निर्वाचित गर्दा उपधारा (१) को खण्ड (क) बमोजिम निर्वाचित सदस्यहरू मध्ये कुनै राजनीतिक दलको एक तिहाइ सदस्य महिला निर्वाचित नभएमा त्यस्तो राजनीतिक दलले सोही उपधाराको खण्ड (ख) बमोजिम सदस्य निर्वाचित गर्दा आफ्नो दलबाट प्रदेश सभामा निर्वाचित हुने कुल सदस्यको कम्तीमा एक तिहाइ महिला सदस्य हुने गरी निर्वाचित गर्नु पर्नेछ ।
... (धारा १७६)