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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Legislature
- English(a) Each administrative division shall establish separate electoral constituencies in accordance with the principles specified in Article 71 of this Constitution. All members shall be elected from a separate electoral constituency.
(b) The person elected from amongst those standing for election in each separate electoral constituency shall be the person receiving the greatest number of votes by secret ballot.
… (Art. 72) - Dhivehi(ހ) މިޤާނޫނުއަސާސީގެ 71 ވަނަ މާއްދާ ގައި ބަޔާންކޮށްފައިވާ އުސޫލާ ހިލާފުނުވާނޭހެން، ކޮންމެ އިދާރީ ދާއިރާއަކުން ވަކި އިންތިހާބީ ދާއިރާތަކެއް ކަނޑައަޅާންވާނެއެވެ. މިއިން ކޮންމެ އިންތިހާބީ ދާއިރާއަކުން އިންތިހާބްކުރާނީ އެއް މެންބަރެވެ.
(ށ) ކޮންމެ އިންތިހާބީ ދާއިރާއެއްގައި ވާދާކުރާ މީހުންގެ ތެރެއިން އިންތިޚާބުވާނީ، އެދާއިރާއެއްގައި ވޯޓުދޭ ރައްޔިތުންގެ ސިއްރުވޯޓަކުން އެންމެ ގިނަ ވޯޓު ލިބޭ މީހެކެވެ.
... (ޤާނޫނުއަސާސީގެ 72 ވަނަ މާއްދާ)
Legislature
- EnglishA member of the Chamber of Deputies must meet the following requirements:
a. He must be a citizen of Bahrain, and for naturalized citizens at least ten years must have elapsed since acquiring their citizenship. He must not be a citizen of another country, with the exception of citizens of the member states of the Cooperation Council of the Arab States of the Gulf, on the condition that his Bahraini citizenship be the original citizenship. He must enjoy full civil and political rights, and must be enrolled in the in an electoral register.
b. On the day of his election he must be not less than thirty years of age by the Gregorian Calendar.
c. He must read and write Arabic fluently.
… (Art. 57) - Arabicيشترط في عضو مجلس النواب:
أ - أن يكون بحرينياً، وأن يمضي على من اكتسب الجنسية البحرينية عشر سنوات على الأقل، وغير حامل لجنسية دولة أخرى، باستثناء من يحمل جنسية إحدى الدول الأعضاء بمجلس التعاون لدول الخليج العربية بشرط أن تكون جنسيته البحرينية بصفة أصلية، ومتمتعاً بكافة حقوقه المدنية والسياسية، وأن يكون اسمه مدرجاً في أحد جداول الانتخاب.
ب - ألا تـقل سنه يوم الانتخاب عن ثلاثين سنة ميلادية كاملة.
ج - أن يجيد قراءة اللغة العربية وكتابتها.
... (المادّة 57)
Legislature
- English
The people, holders of the sovereignty, delegate the legislative function to a first representative Chamber called the Assembly of the Representatives of the People, and to a second representative Chamber called the Council of Regions and Districts. (Art. 56)
- Arabic
يفوّض الشّعب، صاحب السّيادة، الوظيفة التّشريعيّة لمجلس نيابيّ أوّل يسمّى مجلس نوّاب الشّعب ولمجلس نيابيّ ثان يسمّى المجلس الوطنيّ للجهات والأقاليم. (الفصل 56)
- French
Le peuple, détenteur de la souveraineté, délègue la fonction législative à une première chambre représentative dénommée l’Assemblée des représentants du peuple, et à une seconde chambre représentative dénommée le Conseil des régions et des districts. (Art. 56)
Legislature
- English1. Any citizen of the Russian Federation not younger than 21 years of age, who has a right to participate in elections, permanently resides in the Russian Federation, does not have foreign citizenship, residence permit or another document certifying the right of the citizen of the Russian Federation to have residence in the territory of a foreign state may be elected deputy of the State Duma. The deputies of the State Duma in order established by the federal law shall be forbidden from opening and having bank accounts (deposits), keeping cash assets and valuables in foreign banks situated outside the territory of the Russian Federation.
... (Art. 97) - Russian1. Депутатом Государственной Думы может быть избран гражданин Российской Федерации, достигший 21 года и имеющий право участвовать в выборах, постоянно проживающий в Российской Федерации, не имеющий гражданства иностранного государства либо вида на жительство или иного документа, подтверждающего право на постоянное проживание гражданина Российской Федерации на территории иностранного государства. Депутатам Государственной Думы в порядке, установленном федеральным законом, запрещается открывать и иметь счета (вклады), хранить наличные денежные средства и ценности в иностранных банках, расположенных за пределами территории Российской Федерации.
… (Статья 97)
Legislature
- EnglishA person is ineligible to be a member of Congress unless he is at least 30 years of age on the day of election and has been a citizen of the Federated States of Micronesia for at least 15 years, and a resident of the state from which he is elected for at least 5 years. A person convicted of a felony by a state or national government court is ineligible to be a member of Congress. The Congress may modify this provision or prescribe additional qualifications; knowledge of the English language may not be a qualification. (Art. IX, Sec. 9)
Legislature
- EnglishIn order to be elected [a] Senator, it is required to be Colombian by birth, in full exercise of citizenship, and be over thirty years of age on the date of the election. (Art. 172)
- SpanishPara ser elegido senador se requiere ser colombiano de nacimiento, ciudadano en ejercicio y tener más de treinta años de edad en la fecha de la elección. (Art. 172)
Legislature
- English§ 1. The Senate is composed of sixty senators, of whom:
1° twenty-nine senators appointed by the Flemish Parliament from among its members or from among the members of the Dutch linguistic group of the Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region;
2° ten senators appointed from among its members by the Parliament of the French Community;
3° eight senators appointed from among its members by the Parliament of the Walloon Region;
4° two senators appointed from among its members by the French linguistic group of the Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region;
5° one senator appointed from among its members by the Parliament of the German-speaking Community;
6° six senators appointed by the senators referred to in 1°;
7° four senators appointed by the senators referred to in 2° to 4°.
...
§ 3. The Senate is composed of no more than two-thirds of senators of the same gender.
... (Art. 67) - Dutch§ 1. De Senaat telt zestig senatoren, van wie:
1° negenentwintig senatoren aangewezen door het Vlaams Parlement uit het Vlaams Parlement of uit de Nederlandse taalgroep van het Parlement van het Brusselse Hoofdstedelijke Gewest;
2° tien senatoren aangewezen door en uit het Parlement van de Franse Gemeenschap;
3° acht senatoren aangewezen door en uit het Parlement van het Waalse Gewest;
4° twee senatoren aangewezen door en uit de Franse taalgroep van het Parlement van het Brusselse Hoofdstedelijke Gewest;
5° een senator aangewezen door en uit het Parlement van de Duitstalige Gemeenschap;
6° zes senatoren aangewezen door de senatoren bedoeld in 1°;
7° vier senatoren aangewezen door de senatoren bedoeld in 2° tot 4°.
...
§ 3. Niet meer dan twee derden van de senatoren zijn van hetzelfde geslacht.
... (Art. 67) - French§ 1er. Le Sénat est composé de soixante sénateurs, dont:
1° vingt-neuf sénateurs désignés par le Parlement flamand en son sein ou au sein du groupe linguistique néerlandais du Parlement de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale;
2° dix sénateurs désignés par le Parlement de la Communauté française en son sein;
3° huit sénateurs désignés par le Parlement de la Région wallonne en son sein;
4° deux sénateurs désignés par le groupe linguistique français du Parlement de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale en son sein;
5° un sénateur désigné par le Parlement de la Communauté germanophone en son sein;
6° six sénateurs désignés par les sénateurs visés au 1°;
7° quatre sénateurs désignés par les sénateurs visés aux 2° à 4°.
...
§ 3. Le Sénat ne compte pas plus de deux tiers de sénateurs du même genre.
... (Art. 67) - German§ 1 – Der Senat setzt sich aus sechzig Senatoren zusammen:
1. Neunundzwanzig Senatoren werden vom Flämischen Parlament aus seiner Mitte oder aus der Mitte der niederländischen Sprachgruppe des Parlaments der Region Brüssel-Hauptstadt bestimmt.
2. Zehn Senatoren werden vom Parlament der Französischen Gemeinschaft aus seiner Mitte bestimmt.
3. Acht Senatoren werden vom Parlament der Wallonischen Region aus seiner Mitte bestimmt.
4. Zwei Senatoren werden von der französischen Sprachgruppe des Parlaments der Region Brüssel-Hauptstadt aus ihrer Mitte bestimmt.
5. Ein Senator wird vom Parlament der Deutschsprachigen Gemeinschaft aus seiner Mitte bestimmt.
6. Sechs Senatoren werden von den unter Nr. 1 erwähnten Senatoren bestimmt.
7. Vier Senatoren werden von den unter den Nummern 2 bis 4 erwähnten Senatoren bestimmt.
...
§ 3 – Nicht mehr als zwei Drittel der Senatoren sind desselben Geschlechts.
... (Art. 67)
Legislature
- English
Parliament shall consist of the Chamber of deputies and the Senate of the Republic.
… (Art. 55) - Italian
Il Parlamento si compone della Camera dei deputati e del Senato della Repubblica.
… (Art. 55)
Legislature
- EnglishFirst: The Council of Representatives shall consist of a number of members, at a ratio of one seat per 100,000 Iraqi persons representing the entire Iraqi people. They shall be elected through a direct secret general ballot. The representation of all components of the people shall be upheld in it.
Second: A candidate to the Council of Representatives must be a fully qualified Iraqi.
Third: A law shall regulate the requirements for the candidate, the voter, and all that is related to the elections.
Fourth: The elections law shall aim to achieve a percentage of representation for women of not less than one-quarter of the members of the Council of Representatives.
… (Art. 49) - Arabicاولاً :ـ يتكون مجلس النواب من عدد من الاعضاء بنسبة مقعد واحد لكل مائة ألف نسمة من نفوس العراق يمثلون الشعب العراقي بأكمله، يتم انتخابهم بطريق الاقتراع العام السري المباشر، ويراعى تمثيل سائر مكونات الشعب فيه.
ثانياً :ـ يشترط في المرشح لعضوية مجلس النواب ان يكون عراقياً كامل الاهلية.
ثالثاً :ـ تنظم بقانونٍ، شروط المرشح والناخب وكل ما يتعلق بالانتخاب.
رابعاً :ـ يستهدف قانون الانتخابات تحقيق نسبة تمثيل للنساء لا تقل عن الربع من عدد اعضاء مجلس النواب.
... (المادة 49)
Legislature
- English
(1) The House of Representatives shall consist of a total of two hundred and seventy five members, as follows :-
(a) One hundred and sixty-five members to be elected through the first past the post electoral system, with one being elected from each of one hundred and sixty-five election constituencies delimited in Nepal on the basis of population and geographical convenience and specificity;
(b) One hundred and ten members to be elected through the proportional electoral system where voters vote for political parties, with the whole country being considered as a single election constituency.
(2) The federal law shall provide that in filing candidacy by political parties for the election to the House of Representatives under the proportional electoral system, representation shall be ensured on the basis of a closed list also from women, Dalit, indigenous nationalities (Aadibasi Janajati) Khas Arya, Madhesi, Tharu, Muslims and backward regions, on the basis of population. In so filing candidacy, regard shall also be had to geography and regional balance.
Explanation: For the purposes of this clause, "Khas Arya" means Kshetri, Brahmin, Thakuri, Sanyasi (Dashnami) communities.
(3) In filing candidacy pursuant to clause (2), political parties shall provide for representation of the persons with disabilities as well.
(4) Election to the House of Representatives referred to in clause (1) shall be held through secret ballots in accordance with law.
…
(6) A person who is qualified pursuant to Article 87 and entitled to vote in an election to the members of the House of Representatives may, subject to the federal law, be a candidate in any election constituency.
Provided that a person shall not be a candidate in more than one election constituencies at the same time.
(7) In case the seat of any member of the House of Representatives falls vacant while its term still remains for more than six months, the vacancy shall be fulfilled in the same manner of electoral system as in which such seat was fulfilled.
(8) Notwithstanding anything contained elsewhere in this Part, at least one third of the total number of members elected from each political party representing in the Federal Parliament shall be women. In case women are not so elected as to constitute one third of the elected members of any political party pursuant to subclause (a) of clause (1) and sub-clause (a) of clause (2) of Article 86, such political party must, in electing members under sub-clause (b) of clause (1), so elect that women members constitute at least one third of the total number of members elected to the Federal Parliament from that party.
(9) Election to the House of Representatives and other matters pertaining thereto shall be as provided for in the federal law. (Art. 84) - Nepali
(१) प्रतिनिधि सभामा देहाय बमोजिमका दुई सय पचहत्तर सदस्य रहनेछन्ः–
(क) नेपाललाई जनसंख्या र भौगोलिक अनुकुलता तथा विशिष्टताका आधारमा एक सय पैंसठ्ठी निर्वाचन क्षेत्र कायम गरी प्रत्येक निर्वाचन क्षेत्रबाट एक जना रहने गरी पहिलो हुने निर्वाचित हुने निर्वाचन प्रणाली बमोजिम निर्वाचित हुने एक सय पैंसठ्ठी सदस्य,
(ख) सम्पूर्ण देशलाई एक निर्वाचन क्षेत्र मानी राजनीतिक दललाई मत दिने समानुपातिक निर्वाचन प्रणाली बमोजिम निर्वाचित हुने एक सय दश सदस्य ।
(२) समानुपातिक निर्वाचन प्रणाली बमोजिम हुने प्रतिनिधि सभाको निर्वाचनका लागि राजनीतिक दलले उम्मेदवारी दिंदा जनसंख्याको आधारमा महिला, दलित, आदिवासी जनजाति, खस आर्य, मधेसी, थारू, मुस्लिम, पिछडिएको क्षेत्र समेतबाट बन्द सूचीका आधारमा प्रतिनिधित्व गराउने व्यवस्था संघीय कानून बमोजिम हुनेछ । त्यसरी उम्मेदवारी दिंदा भूगोल र प्रादेशिक सन्तुलनलाई समेत ध्यान दिनु पर्नेछ ।
स्पष्टीकरणः यस उपधाराको प्रयोजनका लागि “खस आर्य” भन्नाले क्षेत्री, ब्राम्हण, ठकुरी, संन्यासी (दशनामी) समुदाय सम्झनु पर्छ ।
(३) उपधारा (२) बमोजिम राजनीतिक दलले उम्मेदवारी दिंदा अपांगता भएको व्यक्तिको समेत प्रतिनिधित्व हुने व्यवस्था गर्नु पर्नेछ ।
(४) उपधारा (१) बमोजिम हुने प्रतिनिधि सभा सदस्यको निर्वाचन कानून बमोजिम गोप्य मतदानद्वारा हुनेछ ।
…
(६) प्रतिनिधि सभाका सदस्यका लागि हुने निर्वाचनमा मतदान गर्न अधिकार पाएको धारा ८७ बमोजिम योग्यता पुगेको व्यक्ति संघीय कानूनको अधीनमा रही कुनै पनि निर्वाचन क्षेत्रबाट उम्मेदवार हुन पाउनेछ । तर एउटै व्यक्ति एकभन्दा बढी निर्वाचन क्षेत्रमा एकै पटक उम्मेदवार हुन पाउने छैन ।
(७) प्रतिनिधि सभाको कार्यकाल छ महीनाभन्दा बढी अवधि बाँकी छँदै कुनै सदस्यको स्थान रिक्त भएमा त्यस्तो स्थान जुन निर्वाचन प्रणालीबाट पूर्ति भएको थियो सोही प्रक्रियाद्वारा पूर्ति गरिनेछ ।
(८) यस भागमा अन्यत्र जुनसुकै कुरा लेखिएको भए तापनि संघीय संसदमा प्रतिनिधित्व गर्ने प्रत्येक राजनीतिक दलबाट निर्वाचित कुल सदस्य संख्याको कम्तीमा एक तिहाइ सदस्य महिला हुनु पर्नेछ । त्यसरी निर्वाचित गर्दा उपधारा (१) को खण्ड (क) र धारा ८६ को उपधारा (२) को खण्ड (क) बमोजिम निर्वाचित सदस्यहरू मध्ये कुनै राजनीतिक दलको एक तिहाइ सदस्य महिला निर्वाचित हुन नसकेमा त्यस्तो राजनीतिक दलले उपधारा (१) को खण्ड (ख) बमोजिम सदस्य निर्वाचित गर्दा आफ्नो दलबाट संघीय संसदमा निर्वाचित हुने कुल सदस्यको कम्तीमा एक तिहाइ महिला सदस्य हुने गरी निर्वाचित गर्नु पर्नेछ ।
(९) प्रतिनिधि सभाको निर्वाचन र तत्सम्बन्धी अन्य विषय संघीय कानून बमोजिम हुनेछ । (धारा ८४)