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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Head of State
- English
On the death of the King, the title to the Throne shall pass by hereditary succession to the King’s legitimate descendants in order of seniority, the same rule governing succession by the issue of descendants who predecease the King. If the King has no descendants, the title to the Throne shall pass in the same way to the legitimate descendants of the King’s parent and then of his grandparent who are in the line of succession but are not further removed from the deceased King than the third degree of consanguinity. (Art. 25)
- Dutch
Het koningschap gaat bij overlijden van de Koning krachtens erfopvolging over op zijn wettige nakomelingen, waarbij het oudste kind voorrang heeft, met plaatsvervulling volgens dezelfde regel. Bij gebreke van eigen nakomelingen gaat het koningschap op gelijke wijze over op de wettige nakomelingen eerst van zijn ouder, dan van zijn grootouder, in de lijn van erfopvolging, voor zover de overleden Koning niet verder bestaand dan in de derde graad van bloedverwantschap. (Art. 25)
Head of State
- EnglishThe President of the Republic holds the general administration of the State; his attributions are:
1. To comply with and enforce the Constitution, treaties and conventions, laws and other legal provisions;
2. To direct the policies of the state and to represent it;
… (Art. 245) - SpanishEl Presidente de la República tiene a su cargo la administración general del Estado, son sus atribuciones;
1. Cumplir y hacer cumplir la Constitución, los tratados y convenciones, leyes y demás disposiciones legales;
2. Dirigir la política general del Estado y representarlo;
… (Art. 245)
Head of State
- English
The ruling system is Sultani (Royal), hereditary through the male descendants of Sultan Turki bin Said bin Sultan, in accordance with the following provisions:
– Title to the throne passes from the Sultan to His eldest son, followed by the eldest son of this son, and by a similar process afterwards. If the eldest son dies before the title to the throne passes to him, the title to the throne passes to his eldest son, regardless of the deceased having brothers.
– If he who has title to the throne has no sons, the title to the throne passes to his eldest brother. If he has no brothers, it passes to the eldest son of his eldest brother. If his eldest brother has no sons, it passes to the eldest son of his other brothers, in accordance with their seniority in age.
– If he who has title to the throne has no brothers and no sons of brothers, the title to the throne passes to the paternal uncles and their sons in the order prescribed in the second clause of this article.
Whoever assumes the title to the throne must be Muslim, rational, and a legitimate son of Muslim Omani parents. (Art. 5) - Arabic
نظام الحكم سلطاني وراثي في الذكور من ذرية السلطان تركي بن سعيد بن سلطان، وذلك وفقا للأحكام الآتية:
– تنتقل ولاية الحكم من السلطان إلى أكبر أبنائه سنا، ثم أكبر أبناء هذا الابن، وهكذا طبقة بعد طبقة، فإذا توفي الابن الأكبر قبل أن تنتقل إليه ولاية الحكم انتقلت إلى أكبر أبنائه، ولو كان للمتوفى إخوة.
– إذا لم يكن لمن له ولاية الحكم أبناء فتنتقل الولاية إلى أكبر إخوته، فإذا لم يكن له إخوة تنتقل إلى أكبر أبناء أكبر إخوته، وإذا لم يكن لأكبر إخوته ابن فإلى أكبر أبناء إخوته الآخرين، بحسب ترتيب سن الأخوة.
– إذا لم يكن لمن له ولاية الحكم إخوة أو أبناء إخوة تنتقل ولاية الحكم إلى الأعمام وأبنائهم على الترتيب المعين في البند (الثاني) من هذه المادة.
ويشترط فيمن يتولى الحكم أن يكون مسلما، عاقلا، وابنا شرعيا لأبوين عمانيين مسلمين. (المادّة 5)
Head of State
- English1. There shall be a President who shall –
a. be the Head of State and Commander-in-Chief of the Republic of Mauritius;
…
2. a. The President shall
i. be elected by the Assembly on a motion made by the Prime Minister and supported by the votes of a majority of all the members of the Assembly;
…
3. No person shall be eligible for election to the office of President unless he is a citizen of Mauritius who is not less than 40 years of age and has resided in Mauritius for a period of not less than 5 years immediately preceding the election.
… (Sec. 28)
Head of State
- English(1) The President of Romania shall represent the Romanian State and is the safeguard of the national independence, unity and territorial integrity of the country.
(2) The President of Romania shall guard the observance of the Constitution and the proper functioning of the public authorities. To this effect, he shall act as a mediator between the Powers in the State, as well as between the State and society. (Art. 80) - Romanian(1) Preşedintele României reprezintă statul român şi este garantul independenţei naţionale, al unităţii şi al integrităţii teritoriale a ţării.
(2) Preşedintele României veghează la respectarea Constituţiei şi la buna funcţionare a autorităţilor publice. În acest scop, Preşedintele exercită funcţia de mediere între puterile statului, precum şi între stat şi societate. (Art. 80)
Head of State
- English
The President of the Republic is elected by direct suffrage. The candidate is elected who obtains more than half of the votes.
… (Art. 111) - Spanish
El Presidente de la República se elige por sufragio directo. Es elegido el candidato que obtiene mes de la mitad de los votos.
… (Art. 111)
Head of State
- English…
4. The Sovereignty of the People shall be exercised and enjoyed in the following manner :–
…
(b) the executive power of the People, including the defence of Sri Lanka, shall be exercised by the President of the Republic elected by the People ;
… (Art. 4) - Sinhala…
4. ජනතාවගේ පරමාධිපත්යය ක්රියාත්මක වීම ද, භුක්ති විඳීම ද, මතු දැක්වෙන ආකාරයෙන් සිදුවන්නේ ය:–
…
(ආ) රටේ ආරක්ෂාව ඇතුළුව ජනතාවගේ විධායක බලය ජනතාව විසින් තෝරා පත්කර ගනු ලබන ජනරජයේ ජනාධිපතිවරයා විසින් ක්රියාත්මක කළ යුත්තේ ය;
… (4 වැනි වගන්තිය)
Head of State
- English(1) There shall be a President of Bangladesh who shall be elected by members of Parliament in accordance with law.
(2) The President shall, as Head of State, take precedence over all other persons in the State, and shall exercise the powers and perform the duties conferred and imposed on him by this Constitution and by any other law.
...
(4) A person shall not be qualified for election as President if he -
(a) is less than thirty five years of age; or
(b) is not qualified for election as a member of Parliament; or
(c) has been removed from the office of President by impeachment under this Constitution.
... (Art. 48) - Bengali(১) বাংলাদেশের একজন রাষ্ট্রপতি থাকিবেন, যিনি আইন অনুযায়ী সংসদ-সদস্যগণ কর্তৃক নির্বাচিত হইবেন।
(২) রাষ্ট্রপ্রধানরূপে রাষ্ট্রপতি রাষ্ট্রের অন্য সকল ব্যক্তির ঊর্ধ্বে স্থান লাভ করিবেন এবং এই সংবিধান ও অন্য কোন আইনের দ্বারা তাঁহাকে প্রদত্ত ও তাঁহার উপর অর্পিত সকল ক্ষমতা প্রয়োগ ও কর্তব্য পালন করিবেন।
…
(৪) কোন ব্যক্তি রাষ্ট্রপতি নির্বাচিত হইবার যোগ্য হইবেন না, যদি তিনি-
(ক) পঁয়ত্রিশ বৎসরের কম বয়স্ক হন; অথবা
(খ) সংসদ-সদস্য নির্বাচিত হইবার যোগ্য না হন; অথবা
(গ) কখনও এই সংবিধানের অধীন অভিশংসন দ্বারা রাষ্ট্রপতির পদ হইতে অপসারিত হইয়া থাকেন।
… (অনুচ্ছেদ ৪৮)
Head of State
- EnglishThe President of the Republic shall be responsible for:
a) Defending the Constitution of the Republic;
…
i) Requesting from the Constitutional Court preventive review of the constitutionality or legality of legislation and of international treaties;
… (Art. 80) - PortugueseCompete ao Presidente da República:
a) Defender a Constituição da República;
…
i) Requerer ao Tribunal de Constitucional a fiscalização preventiva da constitucionalidade ou legalidade das dos diplomas legais e dos tratados internacionais;
… (Art. 80)
Head of State
- English
The King or Queen who occupies the throne of Sweden in accordance with the Act of Succession is the Head of State. (Instrument of Government, Chapter 1, Art. 5)
- Swedish
Konungen eller drottning som enligt successionsordningen innehar Sveriges tron är rikets statschef. (Kungörelse (1974:152) om beslutad ny regeringsform, 1 kap, 5§)