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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Citizenship and Nationality
Cyprus
- English1. The following provisions shall have effect until a law of citizenship is made incorporating such provisions—
a. any matter relating to citizenship shall be governed by the provisions of Annex D to the Treaty of Establishment;
b. any person born in Cyprus, on or after the date of the coming into operation of this Constitution, shall become on the date of his birth a citizen of the Republic if on that date his father has become a citizen of the Republic or would but for his death have become such a citizen under the provisions of Annex D to the Treaty of Establishment.
2. For the purposes of this Article "Treaty of Establishment" means the Treaty concerning the Establishment of the Republic of Cyprus between the Republic, the Kingdom of Greece, the Republic of Turkey and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. (Art. 198) - Greek1. Αι επόμεναι διατάξεις ισχύουσι, μέχρις ου ψηφισθή νόμος περί ιθαγενείας περιλαμβάνων τας διατάξεις ταύτας:
(α) παν θέμα αναφερόμενον εις την ιθαγένειαν διέπεται υπό των διατάξεων του παραρτήματος Δ της συνθήκης εγκαθιδρύσεως, και
(β) ο γεννώμενος εν Κύπρω κατά την ημερομηνίαν ενάρξεως της ισχύος του Συντάγματος ή μετ’ αυτήν αποκτά δια της γεννήσεως την ιθαγένειαν της Δημοκρατίας, εάν ο πατήρ αυτού είχεν αποκτήσει την ιθαγένειαν της Δημοκρατίας, κατά την ημερομηνίαν ταύτην ή θα απέκτα τοιαύτην ιθαγένειαν δυνάμει των διατάξεων του παραρτήματος Δ της συνθήκης εγκαθιδρύσεως, εάν δεν είχεν αποθάνει.
2. Εν τω παρόντι άρθρω «συνθήκη εγκαθιδρύσεως» σημαίνει την συνθήκην μεταξύ της Δημοκρατίας της Κύπρου, του Βασιλείου της Ελλάδος, της Δημοκρατίας της Τουρκίας και του Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου της Μεγάλης Βρεταννίας και Βορείου Ιρλανδίας, την αναφερομένην εις την εγκαθίδρυσιν της Δημοκρατίας της Κύπρου. (Αρθρον 198) - Turkish1. Aşağıdaki hükümler, bu hükümleri içine alan bir vatandaşlık kanunu yapılıncaya kadar, yürürlükte olur:-
a. vatandaşlığa dair herhangi bir konu, Kuruluş Anlaşmasının ‘D’ Ekinin hükümlerine tabi olur;
b. bu Anayasanın yürürlüğe girdiği tarihte veya ondan sonra Kıbrıs’ta doğan herhangi bir şahıs, doğumu tarihinde babası Cumhuriyetin bir vatandaşı ise veya ölmemiş olsa idi Kuruluş Anlaşmasının ‘D’ Eki hükümleri gereğince Cumhuriyetin bir vatandaşı olacak idi ise, doğumu tarihinde Cumhuriyetin bir vatandaşı olur.
2. Bu Madde çerçevesinde "Kuruluş Anlaşması ", Cumhuriyet ile Yunanistan Krallığı, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti ve Büyük Britanya ve Kuzey İrlanda Birleşik Krallığı arasındaki Kıbrıs Cumhuriyetinin Kuruluşuna dair Anlaşmayı ifade eder. (Madde 198)
Citizenship and Nationality
Nepal
- EnglishOther matters relating to the acquisition, reacquisition and termination of citizenship shall be as provided for in the Federal law. (Art. 13)
- Nepaliनागरिकताको प्राप्ति, पुनःप्राप्ति र समाप्ति सम्बन्धी अन्य व्यवस्था संघीय कानून बमोजिम हुनेछ । (धारा १३)
Citizenship and Nationality
Malaysia
- English…
(2) The Federal Government may by order deprive of her citizenship any woman who is a citizen by registration under Clause (1) of Article 15 if satisfied that the marriage by virtue of which she was registered has been dissolved, otherwise than by death, within the period of two years beginning with the date of the marriage. (Art. 26) - Malay…
(2) Kerajaan Persekutuan boleh melalui perintah melucutkan kewarganegaraan mana-mana perempuan yang menjadi warganegara melalui pendaftaran di bawah Fasal (1) Perkara 15 jika berpuas hati bahawa perkahwinan yang disebabkan olehnya perempuan itu didaftarkan telah dibubarkan, melainkan disebabkan oleh kematian, dalam tempoh dua tahun mulai dari tarikh perkahwinan itu. (Perkara 26)
Citizenship and Nationality
Singapore
- English...
6. Any notice to be given by the Minister to any person under Article 133(1) may be sent to that person at his last known address or, in the case of a person under the age of 18 years (not being a married woman) to his parent or guardian at the last known address of the parent or guardian; and if an address at which the notice may be sent to any person under this paragraph is not known and cannot after reasonable inquiry be ascertained, the notice may be given by publication in the Gazette.
…
15. (1) For the purposes of Part X, references to a person’s father or to his parent or to one of his parents shall, in relation to a person who is illegitimate, be construed as references to his mother.
… (Third Schedule)
Citizenship and Nationality
Lao People’s Democratic Republic
- English
Lao citizens are persons who hold Lao nationality as provided by the laws.
... (Art. 34) - Lao
ພົນລະເມືອງລາວ ແມ່ນ ຜູ້ມີສັນຊາດລາວ ຕາມທີ່ກໍາໜົດໄວ້ໃນກົດໝາຍ.
... (ມາດຕາ. 34) (ປັບປຸງ)
Citizenship and Nationality
Viet Nam
- English1. A citizen of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a person holding Vietnamese citizenship.
… (Art. 17) - Vietnamese1. Công dân nước ộng h a xã hội ch nghĩa Việt Nam là người c quốc tịch Việt Nam.
… (Điều 17)
Citizenship and Nationality
Palestine
- EnglishNo Palestinian may be deported from the homeland, prevented or prohibited from returning to or leaving it, deprived of his citizenship, or handed over to any foreign entity. (Art. 28)
- Arabicلا يجوز إبعاد أي فلسطيني عن أرض الوطن أو حرمانه من العودة إليه أو منعه من المغادرة أو تجريده من الجنسية أو تسليمه لأية جهة أجنبية. (المادّة 28)
Citizenship and Nationality
Myanmar
- EnglishAll persons who have either one of the following qualifications are citizens of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar:
(a) person born of parents both of whom are nationals of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar;
(b) person who is already a citizen according to law on the day this Constitution comes into operation. (Sec. 345) - Burmeseအောက်ဖော်ပြပါအရည်အချင်းတစ်ရပ်ရပ်နှင့် ပြည့်စုံသူများသည် ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတ မြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်၏ နိုင်ငံသားများဖြစ်ကြသည် -
(က) ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်၏ တိုင်းရင်းသားမိဘနှစ်ပါးမှ မွေးဖွားသူ၊
(ခ) ဤဖွဲ့စည်းပုံအခြေခံဥပဒေ အတည်ပြုပြဌာန်းသည့်နေ့တွင် ဥပဒေအရ နိုင်ငံသားဖြစ်သားဖြစ်ပြီးသူ။ (ပုဒ်မ-၃၄၅)
Citizenship and Nationality
India
- EnglishAt the commencement of this Constitution, every person who has his domicile in the territory of India and—
(a) who was born in the territory of India; or
(b) either of whose parents was born in the territory of India; or
(c) who has been ordinarily resident in the territory of India for not less than five years immediately preceding such commencement,
shall be a citizen of India. (Art. 5) - Hindiइस संविधान के प्रारंभ पर प्रत्येक व्यक्ति जिसका भारत के राज्यक्षेत्र में अधिवास है और—
(क) जो भारत के राज्यक्षेत्र में जन्मा था; या
(ख) जिसके माता या पिता में से कोई भारत के राज्यक्षेत्र में जन्मा था; या
(ग) जो ऐसे प्रारंभ से ठीक पहले कम से कम पाँच वर्ष तक भारत के राज्यक्षेत्र में मामूली तौर से निवासी रहा है,
भारत का नागरिक होगा। (अनुच्छेद 5)
Citizenship and Nationality
Malaysia
- English(1) Subject to Article 18, any married woman whose husband is a citizen is entitled, upon making application to the Federal Government, to be registered as a citizen if the marriage was subsisting and the husband a citizen at the beginning of October 1962, or if she satisfies the Federal Government—
(a) that she has resided in the Federation throughout the two years preceding the date of the application and intends to do so permanently; and
(b) that she is of good character.
(2) Subject to Article 18, the Federal Government may cause any person under the age of twenty-one years of whose parents one at least is (or was at death) a citizen to be registered as a citizen upon application made to the Federal Government by his parent or guardian.
(3) Subject to Article 18, a person under the age of twenty-one years who was born before the beginning of October 1962, and whose father is (or was at his death) a citizen and was also a citizen at the beginning of that month (if then alive), is entitled upon application made to the Federal Government by his parent or guardian, to be registered as a citizen if the Federal Government is satisfied that he is ordinarily resident in the Federation and is of good character.
(4) For the purposes of Clause (1) residence before Malaysia Day in the territories comprised in the States of Sabah and Sarawak shall be treated as residence in the Federation.
(5) The reference in Clause (1) to a married woman is a reference to a woman whose marriage has been registered in accordance with any written law in force in the Federation, including any such law in force before Merdeka Day, or with any written law in force before Malaysia Day in the territories comprised in the States of Sabah and Sarawak:
Provided that this Clause shall not apply where the woman applies to be registered as a citizen before the beginning of September 1965, or such later date as may be fixed by order of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, and is at the date of the application ordinarily resident in the States of Sabah and Sarawak. (Art. 15) - Malay(1) Tertakluk kepada Perkara 18, apabila permohonan dibuat kepada Kerajaan Persekutuan oleh mana-mana perempuan bersuami yang suaminya seorang warganegara, maka perempuan itu berhak didaftarkan sebagai warganegara jika perkahwinan itu masih wujud dan suaminya itu seorang warganegara pada permulaan bulan Oktober 1962, atau jika dia memuaskan hati Kerajaan Persekutuan—
(a) bahawa dia telah bermastautin di Persekutuan sepanjang tempoh dua tahun sebelum tarikh permohonan itu dan berniat hendak berbuat demikian secara tetap; dan
(b) bahawa dia berkelakuan baik.
(2) Tertakluk kepada Perkara 18, apabila permohonan dibuat kepada Kerajaan Persekutuan oleh ibu atau bapa atau penjaga mana-mana orang yang di bawah umur dua puluh satu tahun, maka Kerajaan Persekutuan boleh menyebabkan orang itu didaftarkan sebagai warganegara jika sekurang-kurangnya salah seorang daripada ibu bapanya sekarang (atau pada masa kematiannya) seorang warganegara.
(3) Tertakluk kepada Perkara 18, apabila permohonan dibuat kepada Kerajaan Persekutuan oleh ibu atau bapa atau penjaga seseorang yang di bawah umur dua puluh satu tahun, maka orang itu berhak didaftarkan sebagai warganegara jika dia dilahirkan sebelum permulaan bulan Oktober 1962 dan bapanya sekarang (atau pada masa kematiannya) seorang warganegara dan juga seorang warganegara pada permulaan bulan itu (jika hidup pada masa itu), dan jika Kerajaan Persekutuan berpuas hati bahawa orang itu biasanya bermastautin di Persekutuan dan berkelakuan baik.
(4) Bagi maksud Fasal (1), kemastautinan sebelum Hari Malaysia di wilayah-wilayah yang termasuk di dalam Negeri Sabah dan Sarawak hendaklah dikira sebagai kemastautinan di Persekutuan.
(5) Sebutan dalam Fasal (1) mengenai perempuan bersuami ialah sebutan mengenai perempuan yang perkahwinannya telah didaftarkan mengikut mana-mana undang-undang bertulis yang berkuat kuasa di Persekutuan, termasuklah mana-mana undang-undang sedemikian yang berkuat kuasa sebelum Hari Merdeka, atau mengikut mana-mana undang-undang bertulis yang berkuat kuasa sebelum Hari Malaysia di wilayah-wilayah yang termasuk di dalam Negeri Sabah dan Sarawak:
Dengan syarat bahawa Fasal ini tidaklah terpakai jika perempuan itu memohon supaya didaftarkan sebagai warganegara sebelum permulaan bulan September 1965, atau apa-apa tarikh kemudiannya sebagaimana yang ditetapkan melalui perintah oleh Yang di-Pertuan Agong, dan jika pada tarikh permohonan itu dia biasanya bermastautin di Negeri Sabah dan Sarawak. (Perkara 15)