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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Citizenship and Nationality
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
- EnglishVenezuelans by birth cannot be deprived of their nationality. The Venezuelan nationality by naturalization can be revoked only by a judgment handed down by a court in accordance with law. (Art. 35)
- SpanishLos venezolanos y venezolanas por nacimiento no podrán ser privados o privadas de su nacionalidad. La nacionalidad venezolana por naturalización sólo podrá ser revocada mediante sentencia judicial, de acuerdo con la ley. (Art. 35)
Citizenship and Nationality
Peru
- English
Every person has the right:
…
21. To his nationality. No one may be deprived of it.
… (Art. 2) - Spanish
Toda persona tiene derecho:
…
21. A su nacionalidad. Nadie puede ser despojado de ella.
… (Art. 2)
Citizenship and Nationality
Chile
- EnglishChileans are:
1. Those born in the territory of Chile, with the exception of those children of foreigners who are [encontrarse] in Chile in the service of their Government, and those children of transient foreigners, all of whom, however, may opt for the Chilean nationality;
2. The children of a Chilean father or mother, born in foreign territory. However, it will be required that one of his ancestors in a direct line of first or second degree, has acquired Chilean nationality by virtue of that established in the Numerals 1, 3 or 4;
3. The foreigners who obtain a card of nationalization in accordance with the law;
4. Those who obtained special grant [gracia] of naturalization by law.
The law will regulate the procedures for opting for Chilean nationality; of [the] granting, denial and cancellation of naturalization papers and for the creation of a register for all these acts. (Art. 10) - SpanishSon chilenos:
1º.- Los nacidos en el territorio de Chile, con excepción de los hijos de extranjeros que se encuentren en Chile en servicio de su Gobierno, y de los hijos de extranjeros transeúntes, todos los que, sin embargo, podrán optar por la nacionalidad chilena;
2º.- Los hijos de padre o madre chilenos, nacidos en territorio extranjero. Con todo, se requerirá que alguno de sus ascendientes en línea recta de primer o segundo grado, haya adquirido la nacionalidad chilena en virtud de lo establecido en los números 1º, 3º ó 4º;
3º.- Los extranjeros que obtuvieren carta de nacionalización en conformidad a la ley,
4º.- Los que obtuvieren especial gracia de nacionalización por ley. La ley reglamentará los procedimientos de opción por la nacionalidad chilena; de otorgamiento, negativa y cancelación de las cartas de nacionalización, y la formación de un registro de todos estos actos. (Art. 10)
Citizenship and Nationality
Belize
- EnglishA citizen of Belize by birth or descent who acquires the citizenship of any other country may, if the laws of the other country so permit and at his option, retain his citizenship of Belize. (Sec. 27)
Citizenship and Nationality
Grenada
- EnglishAny person who is married to a citizen of Grenada or who has been married to a person who was, during the subsistence of the marriage, a citizen of Grenada shall be entitled, upon making application in such manner as may be prescribed by or under a law enacted by Parliament, and if he is a British protected person or an alien taking the oath of allegiance, to be registered as a citizen of Grenada. (Sec. 98)
Citizenship and Nationality
Jamaica
- English1. Every person born in Jamaica shall become a citizen of Jamaica-
a. on the sixth day of August, 1962, in the case of a person born before that date;
b. on the date of his birth, in the case of a person born on or after the sixth day of August, 1962.
2. A person shall be deemed to be born in Jamaica-
…
b. if at the time of his birth his mother-
i. is a citizen of Jamaica residing in a country other than Jamaica by reason of her employment in the diplomatic service of Jamaica; or
ii. whether or not a citizen of Jamaica, is residing in a country other than Jamaica by reason of her being married to a citizen of Jamaica who is residing in that country by reason of his employment in the diplomatic service of Jamaica.
… (Sec. 3B)
Citizenship and Nationality
Panama
- EnglishThe following are Panamanian by birth:
1. Those born in the National territory;
2. The offspring of parents who are Panamanian by birth, born outside the territory of the Republic, provided they establish their domicile in the National territory;
3. The offspring of parents who are Panamanian by naturalization, born outside the territory of the Republic, provided they establish their domicile in the Republic of Panama and state their desire to elect Panamanian citizenship, not later than one year after reaching legal age. (Art. 9) - SpanishSon panameños por nacimiento:
1. Los nacidos en el territorio nacional.
2. Los hijos de padre o madre panameños por nacimiento nacidos fuera del territorio de la República, si aquellos establecen su domicilio en el territorio nacional.
3. Los hijos de padre o madre panameños por naturalización nacidos fuera del territorio nacional, si aquellos establecen su domicilio en la República de Panamá y manifiestan su voluntad de acogerse a la nacionalidad panameña a más tardar un año después de su mayoría de edad. (Art. 9)
Citizenship and Nationality
Dominica
- EnglishEvery person born in Dominica after the commencement of this Constitution shall become a citizen of Dominica at the date of his birth:
Provided that a person shall not become a citizen of Dominica by virtue of this section if at the time of his birth—
(a) his father or mother possesses such immunity from suit and legal process as is accorded to an envoy of a foreign sovereign power accredited to Dominica, and is not a citizen of Dominica; or
(b) his father or mother is a citizen of a country with which Dominica is at war, and the birth occurs in a place then under occupation by the enemy. (Sec. 98)
Citizenship and Nationality
El Salvador
- English[The following] are Salvadorans by birth:
1) Those born in the territory of El Salvador;
2) The children of a Salvadoran father or mother, born abroad;
3) The natives [originarios] of the other States that constituted the Federal Republic of Central America, who having [a] domicile in El Salvador, manifest before the competent authorities their will to be Salvadoran, without requiring of them the renunciation of their nationality of origin. (Art. 90) - SpanishSon salvadoreños por nacimiento:
1º- Los nacidos en el territorio de El Salvador;
2º- Los hijos de padre o madre salvadoreños, nacidos en el extranjero;
3º- Los originarios de los demás Estados que constituyeron la República Federal de Centro América, que teniendo domicilio en El Salvador, manifiesten ante las autoridades competentes su voluntad de ser salvadoreños, sin que se requiera la renuncia a su nacionalidad de origen. (Art. 90)
Citizenship and Nationality
Bahamas
- EnglishA persons born outside The Bahamas after 9th July 1973 shall become a citizen of The Bahamas at the date of his birth if at that date his father is a citizen of The Bahamas otherwise than by virtue of this Article or Article 3(2) of this Constitution. (Art. 8)