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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- English
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Paragraph 7. Political parties shall allocate at least 5% (five percent) of the resources from the party fund to the creation and maintenance of programs for the promotion and dissemination of women's political participation, according to the intra-party interests.
Paragraph 8. The total amount of the Special Fund for Campaign Financing and the portion of the party fund allocated to electoral campaigns, as well as the free access time to radio and television to be distributed by the parties to their respective female candidates, shall be of at least 30% (thirty percent), proportional to the number of female candidates, and the distribution shall be carried out according to criteria established by the respective boards of direction and by regulatory norms, considering party autonomy and interest. (Art. 17) - Portuguese
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§ 7º Os partidos políticos devem aplicar no mínimo 5% (cinco por cento) dos recursos do fundo partidário na criação e na manutenção de programas de promoção e difusão da participação política das mulheres, de acordo com os interesses intrapartidários.
§ 8º O montante do Fundo Especial de Financiamento de Campanha e da parcela do fundo partidário destinada a campanhas eleitorais, bem como o tempo de propaganda gratuita no rádio e na televisão a ser distribuído pelos partidos às respectivas candidatas, deverão ser de no mínimo 30% (trinta por cento), proporcional ao número de candidatas, e a distribuição deverá ser realizada conforme critérios definidos pelos respectivos órgãos de direção e pelas normas estatutárias, considerados a autonomia e o interesse partidário. (Art. 17)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- EnglishAll people are born free and equal before the law, receive the same protection and treatment from institutions, authorities, and other people and enjoy the same rights liberties and opportunities, without any discrimination for reasons of gender, color, age, disability, nationality, family ties, language, religions, political or philosophical opinion, social or personal condition. Consequently:
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3. The State should promote judicial and administrative conditions so that equality may be real and effective and shall adopt methods to prevent and combat discrimination, marginalization, vulnerability and exclusion;
4. Women and men are equal before the law. Any act that has the objective or result of diminishing or annulling the recognition, enjoyment or exercise of fundamental rights of woman and men in conditions of equality is prohibited.
5. The State should promote and guarantee the equal participation of women and men in candidate lists to the offices of popular election for the instances of guidance and decision in the public sphere, in the administration of justice, and in the State-controlled bodies. (Art. 39) - SpanishTodas las personas nacen libres e iguales ante la ley, reciben la misma protección y trato de las instituciones, autoridades y demás personas y gozan de los mismos derechos, libertades y oportunidades, sin ninguna discriminación por razones de género, color, edad, discapacidad, nacionalidad, vínculos familiares, lengua, religión, opinión política o filosófica, condición social o personal. En consecuencia:
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3) El Estado debe promover las condiciones jurídicas y administrativas para que la igualdad sea real y efectiva y adoptará medidas para prevenir y combatir la discriminación, la marginalidad, la vulnerabilidad y la exclusión;
4) La mujer y el hombre son iguales ante la ley. Se prohíbe cualquier acto que tenga como objetivo o resultado menoscabar o anular el reconocimiento, goce o ejercicio en condiciones de igualdad de los derechos fundamentales de mujeres y hombres. Se promoverán las medidas necesarias para garantizar la erradicación de las desigualdades y la discriminación de género;
5) El Estado debe promover y garantizar la participación equilibrada de mujeres y hombres en las candidaturas a los cargos de elección popular para las instancias de dirección y decisión en el ámbito público, en la administración de justicia y en los organismos de control del Estado. (Art. 39)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- English...
II. The Law shall determine the general criteria for the election of members of the departmental assemblies, taking into account population, territorial, cultural identity and linguistic representation when there are rural native indigenous minorities, and parity and alternation of gender. The Statutes of Autonomy shall define its application in accordance with the specific reality and conditions of its jurisdiction. (Art. 278) - Spanish...
II. La Ley determinará los criterios generales para la elección de asambleístas departamentales, tomando en cuenta representación poblacional, territorial, de identidad cultural y lingüística cuando son minorías indígena originario campesinas, y paridad y alternancia de género. Los Estatutos Autonómicos definirán su aplicación de acuerdo a la realidad y condiciones específicas de su jurisdicción. (Art. 278)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- EnglishPolitical parties and movements are non-State public organizations, which constitute the expressions of political plurality of the people and are sustained by philosophical, political, ideological, inclusive and nondiscriminatory concepts.
Their organization, structure and functioning shall be democratic and shall guarantee rotation of power, accountability, and parity membership between women and men on their governing boards. They shall choose their board members and candidates by means of internal electoral processes or primaries. (Art. 108) - SpanishLos partidos y movimientos políticos son organizaciones públicas no estatales, que constituyen expresiones de la pluralidad política del pueblo y sustentarán concepciones filosóficas, políticas, ideológicas, incluyentes y no discriminatorias.
Su organización, estructura y funcionamiento será democráticos y garantizarán la alternabilidad, rendición de cuentas y conformación paritaria entre mujeres y hombres en sus directivas. Seleccionarán a sus directivas y candidaturas mediante procesos electorales internos o elecciones primarias. (Art. 108)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English(1) The following persons shall be entitled, upon making application, to be registered as citizens—
(a) any woman who is married to a citizen or who has been married to a person who, at any time during the period during which they were married to each other, was a citizen;
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(e) any woman who is married to any such person as is mentioned in paragraph (b), (c) or (d) or who was married to a person who, at any time during the period during which they were married to each other, was entitled to be registered as a citizen under any such paragraph;
(f) any woman who, before the commencement of this Constitution, has been married to a person—
(i) who becomes a citizen by virtue of section 99; or
(ii) who, having died before such commencement, would but for his death have become a citizen by virtue of that section, but whose marriage has been terminated by death or dissolution before such commencement.
(2) The following persons shall, upon making application, be entitled to be registered as citizens—
(a) any man who is married to a citizen or who has been married to a person who, at any time during the period during which they were married to each other, was a citizen;
(b) any person who, being a Commonwealth citizen, is and for 7 years previous to his or her application has been ordinarily resident in Saint Lucia;
(c) any man who is married to any such person as is mentioned in subsection (l)(b), (1)(c) or (1)(d) or who was married to a person who, at any time during the period during which they were married too each other, was entitled to apply to be registered as a citizen under any such paragraph;
(d) any person under the age of 21 years who is the stepchild or child adopted in a manner recognised by law of a citizen or is the child, stepchild or child so adopted of a person who is or would but for his or her death have been entitled to be registered as a citizen under subsection (l):
Provided that if it is so provided by Parliament an application for registration as a citizen under this subsection may, in such circumstances as may be prescribed by Parliament in the interests of defence, public safety or public order, be refused by the Minister responsible for the matter in any case in which he or she is satisfied that there are reasonable grounds for refusing the application.
(3) An application under this section shall be made in such manner as may be prescribed, as respects that application, by or under a law enacted by Parliament and in the case of a person to whom subsection (2)(d) applies, it shall be made on his or her behalf by his or her parent or guardian:
Provided that if any such person is or has been married, he or she may make the application himself or herself.
… (Sec. 102)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English1. Any man or woman who, after the fifth day of August, 1962, marries a person who is or becomes a citizen of Jamaica shall, subject to subsection (2), be entitled, upon making application in such manner as may be prescribed and, if he or she is a British protected person or an alien, upon taking the oath of allegiance, to be registered as a citizen of Jamaica.
2. A person may be denied registration under this section if-
a. there is satisfactory evidence that-
i. the marriage was entered into primarily for the purpose of enabling that person to acquire Jamaican citizenship; or
ii. the parties to the marriage have no intention to live permanently with each other as spouses, after the marriage;
b. the person has been convicted in any country of a criminal offence specified in any law which makes provision for such denial on the ground of such conviction.3. Subsection (2) shall not affect the right of any person who, before the 26th day of March, 1999, was entitled to apply for Jamaican citizenship by virtue of any provision of this Constitution in force before that date. (Sec. 7)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English
The acquisition, loss and recuperation of nationality will be regulated by the laws. (Art. 21)
- Spanish
La adquisición, pérdida y recuperación de la nacionalidad serán reguladas por las leyes. (Art. 21)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English1. If the Governor-General is satisfied that any citizen of The Bahamas has at any time after 9th July 1973 acquired by registration, naturalization or other voluntary and formal act (other than marriage) the citizenship of any other country any rights available to him under the law of that country, being rights accorded exclusively to its citizens, the Governor-General may by order deprive that person of his citizenship.
2. If the Governor-General is satisfied that any citizen of The Bahamas has at any time after 9th July 1973 voluntarily claimed and exercised in any other country any rights available to him under the law of that country, being rights accorded exclusively to its citizens, the Governor-General may by order deprive that person of his citizenship. (Art. 11)
Citizenship and Nationality
- EnglishThe nationals by birth of the republics that constituted the Federation of Central America, if they acquire domicile in Guatemala and manifest before the competent authority their wish to become Guatemalans, will also be considered Guatemalans of origin. In such case they can retain their nationality of origin, without prejudice to what is established in [the] Central American treaties or agreements. (Art. 145)
- SpanishTambién se consideran guatemaltecos de origen, a los nacionales por nacimiento, de las repúblicas que constituyeron la Federación de Centroamérica, si adquieren domicilio en Guatemala y manifestaren ante autoridad competente, su deseo de ser guatemaltecos. En este caso podrán conservar su nacionalidad de origen, sin perjuicio de lo que se establezca en tratados o convenios centroamericanos. (Art. 145)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English
Every person has the right:
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21. To his nationality. No one may be deprived of it.
… (Art. 2) - Spanish
Toda persona tiene derecho:
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21. A su nacionalidad. Nadie puede ser despojado de ella.
… (Art. 2)