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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
ABOUT 2929 RESULTS
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
Colombia
- English…
The authorities will guarantee the adequate and effective participation of women in the decision-making levels of the Public Administration. (Art. 40) - Spanish…
Las autoridades garantizarán la adecuada y efectiva participación de la mujer en los niveles decisorios de la Administración Pública. (Art. 40)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
Bolivia, Plurinational State of
- EnglishI. The equal participation of men and women shall be guaranteed in the election of the members of the assembly.
… (Art. 147) - SpanishI. En la elección de asambleístas se garantizará la igual participación de hombres y mujeres.
… (Art. 147)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
Ecuador
- EnglishThe members of the Constitutional Court shall be designated by a qualification commission comprised of two persons appointed by each one of the following branches of government: the legislative, the executive, and transparency and social monitoring. Members shall be elected from among the candidates submitted by the above-mentioned branches of government, through a public examination process, with citizen oversight and option for challenging the process. In the membership of the Court, efforts shall be made to ensure parity between men and women.
… (Art. 434) - SpanishLos miembros de la Corte Constitucional se designarán por una comisión calificadora que estará integrada por dos personas nombradas por cada una de las funciones, Legislativa, Ejecutiva y de Transparencia y Control Social. La selección de los miembros se realizará de entre las candidaturas presentadas por las funciones anteriores, a través de un proceso de concurso público, con veeduría y posibilidad de impugnación ciudadana. En la integración de la Corte se procurará la paridad entre hombres y mujeres.
… (Art. 434)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
Bahamas
- English1. Subject to the provision of paragraph (4), (5) and (9) of this Article no law shall make any provision which is discriminatory either of itself or in its effect.
…
3. In this Article, the expression "discriminatory" means affording different treatment to different person attributable wholly or mainly to their respective descriptions by race, place of origin political opinions colour or creed whereby person of one such description are subjected to disabilities or restrictions to which person of another such description are not made subject or are accorded privileges or advantages which are not accorded to persons of another such description.
4. Paragraph (1) of this Article shall not apply to any law so far as that law makes provision-
…
d. whereby persons of any such description as is mentioned in paragraph (3) for this Article may be subjected to any disability or restriction or may be accorded any privilege or advantage which having regard to its nature and to special circumstances pertaining to those persons or to persons of any other such description, is reasonably justifiable in a democratic society;
… (Art. 26)
Citizenship and Nationality
Antigua and Barbuda
- English1. Subject to the provisions of paragraph (e) of section 112 and of section 117 of this Constitution, the following persons shall be entitled, upon making application, to be registered on or after 1st November 1981-
a. any person who, on 31st October 1981-
i. was married to a person who becomes a citizen by virtue of section 112 of this Constitution; or
ii. was married to a person who, having died before 1st November 1981, would have but for his or her death, become a citizen by virtue of that section: Provided that such person is not, or was not at the time of the death of the spouse, living apart from the spouse under a decree of a competent court or a deed of separation;
b. any person who-
i. was married to a person who is or becomes a citizen; or
ii. was married to a person who was or, but for his or her death, would have become a citizen:
Provided that no application shall be allowed from such person before the marriage has subsisted for upwards of three years and that such person is not, or was not at the time of the death of the spouse, living apart from the spouse under a decree of a competent court or a deed of separation;
c. i. every person being a Commonwealth citizen who on 31st October 1981 was domiciled in Antigua and had been ordinarily resident therein for a period of not less than seven years preceding that day;
ii. any person who being a Commonwealth citizen is domiciled in Antigua and Barbuda and has for a period of not less than seven years immediately preceding his application been lawfully ordinarily resident in Antigua and Barbuda (whether or not that period commenced before 1st November 1981);
d. any person who, but for having renounced his citizenship of the United Kingdom and Colonies in order to qualify for the acquisition or retention of the citizenship of another country, would have become a citizen on 1st November 1981;
e. any person who, having been a citizen, had to renounce his citizenship in order to qualify for the acquisition or retention of the citizenship of another country;
f. any person under the age of eighteen years who is the child, stepchild or child adopted in a manner recognised by law of a citizen or is the child, stepchild or child so adopted of a person who is or would but for his death have been entitled to be registered as a citizen under this subsection.
2. An application under this section shall be made in such manner as may be prescribed as respects that application by or under a law enacted by Parliament and, in the case of a person to whom subsection (1) (f) of this section applies, it shall be made on his behalf by his parent or guardian:
Provided that if the person to whom subsection (1) (f) of this section applies is or has been married, the application may be made by that person. (Sec. 114)
Citizenship and Nationality
Uruguay
- EnglishThe following have the right to legal citizenship:
A. Foreign men and women of good conduct, and having a family within the Republic, who possess some capital or property in the country, or are engaged in some profession, craft, or industry, and have resided habitually in the Republic for three years;
B. Foreign men and women of good conduct, without families in the Republic, who possess any of the qualifications mentioned in the preceding paragraph and who have resided habitually in the country for five years;
C. Foreign men and women who obtain special courtesy from the General Assembly for noteworthy services or outstanding merit.
… (Art. 75) - SpanishTienen derecho a la ciudadanía legal:
A) Los hombres y las mujeres extranjeros de buena conducta, con familia constituida en la República, que poseyendo algún capital en giro o propiedad en el país, o profesando alguna ciencia, arte o industria, tengan tres años de residencia habitual en la República.
B) Los hombres y las mujeres extranjeros de buena conducta, sin familia constituida en la República, que tengan alguna de las cualidades del inciso anterior y cinco años de residencia habitual en el país.
C) Los hombres y las mujeres extranjeros que obtengan gracia especial de la Asamblea General por servicios notables o méritos relevantes.
… (Art. 75)
Citizenship and Nationality
Dominica
- English(1) Every person who, having been born in Dominica, is immediately before the commencement of this Constitution a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies shall become a citizen of Dominica at such commencement.
(2) Every person who, immediately before the commencement of this Constitution is a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies—
(a) having become such a citizen under the British Nationality Act 1948 by virtue of his having been naturalised in Dominica as a British subject before that Act came into force; or
(b) having become such a citizen by virtue of his having been naturalised or registered in Dominica under the British Nationality Acts 1948 to 1965,
shall become a citizen of Dominica at such commencement.
(3) Every person who, having been born outside Dominica, is immediately before the commencement of this Constitution a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies shall, if his father or mother becomes, or would but for his death have become, a citizen of Dominica by virtue of subsection (1) or subsection (2) of this section, become a citizen of Dominica at such commencement. (Sec. 97)
Citizenship and Nationality
Barbados
- EnglishParliament may make provision
(a) for the acquisition of citizenship of Barbados by persons who do not become citizens of Barbados by virtue of the provisions of this Chapter2; or
(b) for depriving of his citizenship of Barbados any person who is a citizen of Barbados otherwise than by virtue of subsection (1) or (2) of section 2 or section 4 or section 5. (Sec. 9)
Citizenship and Nationality
Paraguay
- EnglishForeigners may obtain Paraguayan nationality through naturalization if they meet the following requirements:
1. majority of age;
2. minimum residence of three years in [the] national territory;
3. regular exercise in the country of any profession, job [oficio], science, art or industry, and
4. good conduct, defined in the law. (Art. 148) - SpanishLos extranjeros podrán obtener la nacionalidad paraguaya por naturalización si reúnen los siguientes requisitos:
1. mayoría de edad:
2. radicación mínima de tres años en territorio nacional;
3. ejercicio en el país de alguna profesión, oficio, ciencia, arte o industria, y
4. buena conducta, definida en la ley. (Art. 148)
Citizenship and Nationality
Trinidad and Tobago
- EnglishAny person who became a citizen by birth under section 9(1) or a citizen by descent under section 9(2) of the former Constitution, and who has not ceased to be a citizen under that Constitution, shall continue to be a citizen under this Constitution. (Sec. 15)