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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- English
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The thirty-two offices of senator [senadurias] remaining will be elected following the principle of proportional representation, through the system of lists voted in a sole national plurinomial circumscription conformed in accordance with the principle of parity, and headed alternately between women and men each elective period. The law will establish the regulations and formulas for these effects.
... (Art. 56) - Spanish
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Las treinta y dos senadurías restantes serán elegidas según el principio de representación proporcional, mediante el sistema de listas votadas en una sola circunscripción plurinominal nacional, conformadas de acuerdo con el principio de paridad, y encabezadas alternadamente entre mujeres y hombres cada periodo electivo. La ley establecerá las reglas y fórmulas para estos efectos.
... (Art. 56)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- English
The Chamber of Deputies and the Senate shall convene, respectively, a special session for the purpose of electing the members of the Expert Commission. This Commission shall be composed of 24 individuals. The Commission shall propose to the Constitutional Council a draft proposal for a new Constitution, and perform other functions established by this Constitution. Its composition shall be gender-balanced.
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The Senate and the Chamber of Deputies shall elect an equal number of men and women, respectively.
... (Art. 145) - Spanish
La Cámara de Diputados y el Senado convocarán, respectivamente, a sesión especial con el objeto de elegir a los miembros de la Comisión Experta. Dicha Comisión estará compuesta por 24 personas. Esta Comisión deberá proponer al Consejo Constitucional un anteproyecto de propuesta de nueva Constitución, y realizar las demás funciones que esta Constitución le fije. Su integración será paritaria.
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El Senado y la Cámara de Diputados deberán elegir el mismo número de hombres y mujeres, respectivamente.
... (Art. 145)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- English...
II. The Law shall determine the general criteria for the election of members of the departmental assemblies, taking into account population, territorial, cultural identity and linguistic representation when there are rural native indigenous minorities, and parity and alternation of gender. The Statutes of Autonomy shall define its application in accordance with the specific reality and conditions of its jurisdiction. (Art. 278) - Spanish...
II. La Ley determinará los criterios generales para la elección de asambleístas departamentales, tomando en cuenta representación poblacional, territorial, de identidad cultural y lingüística cuando son minorías indígena originario campesinas, y paridad y alternancia de género. Los Estatutos Autonómicos definirán su aplicación de acuerdo a la realidad y condiciones específicas de su jurisdicción. (Art. 278)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- English…
Actual equality of opportunities for men and women to elective and political party positions shall be guaranteed by means of positive actions in the regulation of political parties and in the electoral system. (Sec. 37) - Spanish…
La igualdad real de oportunidades entre varones y mujeres para el acceso a cargos electivos y partidarios se garantizará por acciones positivas en la regulación de los partidos políticos y en el régimen electoral. (Art. 37)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English(1) Every person who, having been born in Dominica, is immediately before the commencement of this Constitution a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies shall become a citizen of Dominica at such commencement.
(2) Every person who, immediately before the commencement of this Constitution is a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies—
(a) having become such a citizen under the British Nationality Act 1948 by virtue of his having been naturalised in Dominica as a British subject before that Act came into force; or
(b) having become such a citizen by virtue of his having been naturalised or registered in Dominica under the British Nationality Acts 1948 to 1965,
shall become a citizen of Dominica at such commencement.
(3) Every person who, having been born outside Dominica, is immediately before the commencement of this Constitution a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies shall, if his father or mother becomes, or would but for his death have become, a citizen of Dominica by virtue of subsection (1) or subsection (2) of this section, become a citizen of Dominica at such commencement. (Sec. 97)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English(1) In this Chapter—
…
“citizen by birth” means a person—
(a) who is a citizen of Trinidad and Tobago under section 17(1); or
(b) who became a citizen of Trinidad and Tobago under section 9(1) or 12(1) of the former Constitution;
“citizen by descent” means a person—
(a) who is a citizen of Trinidad and Tobago under section 17(3) or any enactment; or
(b) who became a citizen of Trinidad and Tobago under section 9(2) or 12(2) of the former Constitution.
... (Sec. 21)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English
The acquisition, loss and recuperation of nationality will be regulated by the laws. (Art. 21)
- Spanish
La adquisición, pérdida y recuperación de la nacionalidad serán reguladas por las leyes. (Art. 21)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English1. Any man or woman who, after the fifth day of August, 1962, marries a person who is or becomes a citizen of Jamaica shall, subject to subsection (2), be entitled, upon making application in such manner as may be prescribed and, if he or she is a British protected person or an alien, upon taking the oath of allegiance, to be registered as a citizen of Jamaica.
2. A person may be denied registration under this section if-
a. there is satisfactory evidence that-
i. the marriage was entered into primarily for the purpose of enabling that person to acquire Jamaican citizenship; or
ii. the parties to the marriage have no intention to live permanently with each other as spouses, after the marriage;
b. the person has been convicted in any country of a criminal offence specified in any law which makes provision for such denial on the ground of such conviction.3. Subsection (2) shall not affect the right of any person who, before the 26th day of March, 1999, was entitled to apply for Jamaican citizenship by virtue of any provision of this Constitution in force before that date. (Sec. 7)
Citizenship and Nationality
- EnglishThere shall be such provision as may be made by Parliament
(a) for the naturalization as citizens of persons who are not entitled to become citizens under section 92;
(b) for the renunciation by any person of his or her citizenship;
… (Sec. 94)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English
Mexican nationality is acquired by birth or by naturalization.
A. Mexicans by birth are:
I. Those that are born in the territory of the Republic, whatever the nationality of their parents may be.
II. Those that are born abroad, children of Mexican parents, of [a] Mexican mother or of [a] Mexican father;
III. Those that born abroad, children of Mexican parents by naturalization, of [a] Mexican father by naturalization, or of [a] Mexican mother by naturalization, and
IV. Those that are born on board Mexican vessels or airplanes [aeronaves], either of war or merchant.
B. Mexicans by naturalization are:
I. The foreigners who obtain from the Secretariat of Relations the letter [carta] of naturalization.
II. A foreign woman or man who contracts matrimony with a Mexican man or woman, who holds or establishes their domicile within the national territory and fulfills the other requirements that the law specifies to this effect. (Art. 30) - Spanish
La nacionalidad mexicana se adquiere por nacimiento o por naturalización.
A) Son mexicanos por nacimiento:
I. Los que nazcan en territorio de la República, sea cual fuere la nacionalidad de sus padres.
II. Los que nazcan en el extranjero, hijos de padres mexicanos, de madre mexicana o de padre mexicano;
III. Los que nazcan en el extranjero, hijos de padres mexicanos por naturalización, de padre mexicano por naturalización, o de madre mexicana por naturalización, y
IV. Los que nazcan a bordo de embarcaciones o aeronaves mexicanas, sean de guerra o mercantes.
B) Son mexicanos por naturalización:
I. Los extranjeros que obtengan de la Secretaría de Relaciones carta de naturalización.
II. La mujer o el varón extranjeros que contraigan matrimonio con varón o con mujer mexicanos, que tengan o establezcan su domicilio dentro del territorio nacional y cumplan con los demás requisitos que al efecto señale la ley. (Art. 30)