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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Citizenship and Nationality
- English1. No person who is a citizen of Jamaica by virtue of section 3 (1) (a), (b) or (c) shall be deprived of his citizenship of Jamaica.
2. A person who is a citizen of Jamaica other than by virtue of section 3 (1) (a), (6) or (c), shall not be deprived of his citizenship except by or under the provisions of a law-
a. specifying the grounds on which such deprivation may take place and the procedure for such deprivation; and
b. securing to any person affected thereby a right of access to the Supreme Court for the purpose of reviewing the decision to deprive him of his right to such citizenship. (Sec. 8)
Citizenship and Nationality
- EnglishI. Foreigners may acquire Bolivian nationality by naturalization if they are legally in the country for more than three years of uninterrupted residence under the supervision of the State, and they expressly manifest their desire to obtain Bolivian nationality and comply with the requisites established by law.
II. The time of residence shall be reduced to two years in the case of foreigners who are in one of the following situations:
1. They have a Bolivian spouse, a Bolivian child or children, or Bolivian adoptive parents. Foreign citizens who acquire citizenship by marriage with Bolivian citizens do not lose it in the case of widowhood or divorce.
… (Art. 142) - SpanishI. Podrán adquirir la nacionalidad boliviana por naturalización las extranjeras y los extranjeros en situación legal, con más de tres años de residencia ininterrumpida en el país bajo supervisión del Estado, que manifiesten expresamente su voluntad de obtener la nacionalidad boliviana y cumplan con los requisitos establecidos en la ley.
II. El tiempo de residencia se reducirá a dos años en el caso de extranjeras y extranjeros que se encuentren en una de las situaciones siguientes:
1. Que tengan cónyuge boliviana o boliviano, hijas bolivianas o hijos bolivianos o padres sustitutos bolivianos. Las ciudadanas extranjeras o los ciudadanos extranjeros que adquieran la ciudadanía por matrimonio con ciudadanas bolivianas o ciudadanos bolivianos no la perderán en caso de viudez o divorcio.
… (Art. 142)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English
Those born in the territory of the Republic are Peruvians by birth. Also so are those born abroad of [a] Peruvian father or mother, inscribed in the corresponding register, conforming to law.
Those who acquire nationality by naturalization or by option, are also Peruvians, as long as they maintain residence in Peru. (Art. 52) - Spanish
Son peruanos por nacimiento los nacidos en el territorio de la República. También lo son los nacidos en el exterior de padre o madre peruanos, inscritos en el registro correspondiente, conforme a ley.
Son asimismo peruanos los que adquieren la nacionalidad por naturalización o por opción, siempre que tengan residencia en el Perú. (Art. 52)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English(1) Every person who, having been born in Saint Lucia, is immediately before the commencement of this Constitution a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies shall become a citizen at such commencement.
(2) Every person who, immediately before the commencement of this Constitution, is a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies—
(a) having become such a citizen under the British Nationality Act 1948 of the United Kingdom by virtue of his or her having been naturalised in Saint Lucia as a British subject before that Act came into force; or
(b) having while resident in Saint Lucia become such a citizen by virtue of his or her having been naturalised or registered under the British Nationality Act 1948 of the United Kingdom,
shall become a citizen at such commencement.
(3) Every person who, having been born outside Saint Lucia, is immediately before the commencement of this Constitution a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies shall, if his or her father or mother becomes, or would but for his or her death or the renunciation of his or her citizenship of the United Kingdom and Colonies have become, a citizen by virtue of subsection (1) or (2), become a citizen at such commencement.
(4) Every woman who, having been married to a person who becomes, or but for his death or the renunciation of his citizenship of the United Kingdom and Colonies would have become, a citizen by virtue of subsection (1), (2) or (3), is a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies immediately before the commencement of this Constitution shall become a citizen at such commencement. (Sec. 99)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English
The following are Brazilians:
I – by birth:
a) those born in the Federative Republic of Brazil, even if of foreign parents, provided that they are not at the service of their country;
b) those born abroad, of a Brazilian father or a Brazilian mother, provided that either of them is at the service of the Federative Republic of Brazil;
c) those born abroad, to a Brazilian father or a Brazilian mother, provided that they are registered with a competent Brazilian authority, or come to reside in the Federative Republic of Brazil, and opt for the Brazilian nationality at any time after reaching majority;
II – naturalized:
a) those who, as set forth by law, acquire Brazilian nationality, it being the only requirement for persons originating from Portuguese-speaking countries the residence for one uninterrupted year and good moral repute;
b) foreigners of any nationality, resident in the Federative Republic of Brazil for over fifteen uninterrupted years and without criminal conviction, provided that they apply for the Brazilian nationality.
…
Paragraph 4. Loss of nationality shall be declared for a Brazilian who:
I – have their naturalization revoked by court ruling, in cases of fraud related to the naturalization process or of attack against the constitutional order and the democratic state;
II – formally request the renunciation of their Brazilian nationality before the competent Brazilian authority, except in situations that would result in statelessness.
... (Art. 12) - Portuguese
São brasileiros:
I - natos:
a) os nascidos na República Federativa do Brasil, ainda que de pais estrangeiros, desde que estes não estejam a serviço de seu país;
b) os nascidos no estrangeiro, de pai brasileiro ou de mãe brasileira, desde que qualquer deles esteja a serviço da República Federativa do Brasil;
c) os nascidos no estrangeiro de pai brasileiro ou de mãe brasileira, desde que sejam registrados em repartição brasileira competente ou venham a residir na República Federativa do Brasil e optem, em qualquer tempo, depois de atingida a maioridade, pela nacionalidade brasileira;
II - naturalizados:
a) os que, na forma da lei, adquiram a nacionalidade brasileira, exigidas aos originários de países de língua portuguesa apenas residência por um ano ininterrupto e idoneidade moral;
b) os estrangeiros de qualquer nacionalidade, residentes na República Federativa do Brasil há mais de quinze anos ininterruptos e sem condenação penal, desde que requeiram a nacionalidade brasileira.
…
§ 4º - Será declarada a perda da nacionalidade do brasileiro que:
I - tiver cancelada sua naturalização, por sentença judicial, em virtude de fraude relacionada ao processo de naturalização ou de atentado contra a ordem constitucional e o Estado Democrático;
II - fizer pedido expresso de perda da nacionalidade brasileira perante autoridade brasileira competente, ressalvadas situações que acarretem apatridia.
... (Art. 12)
Citizenship and Nationality
- EnglishEvery person born in Belize on or after Independence Day shall become a citizen of Belize at the date of his birth:
Provided that a person shall not become a citizen of Belize by virtue of this section if at the time of his birth-
(a) neither of his parents is a citizen of Belize and his father or mother possesses such immunity from suit and legal process as is accorded to the envoy of a foreign sovereign power accredited to Belize; or
(b) his father or mother is a citizen of a country with which Belize is at war and the birth occurs in a place then under occupation by that country. (Sec. 24)
Citizenship and Nationality
- EnglishAnyone who loses or renounces to nationality loses citizenship. The exercise of citizenship or any political rights can be suspended only by final judicial decision in the cases provided by law. (Art. 42)
- SpanishQuien pierda o renuncie a la nacionalidad pierde la ciudadanía. El ejercicio de la ciudadanía o de alguno de los derechos políticos sólo puede ser suspendido por sentencia judicial firme en los casos que determine la ley. (Art. 42)
Citizenship and Nationality
- EnglishColombian nationals are:
1. By birth:
a. The natives [naturales] of Colombia, with one of two conditions: that the father or the mother have been natives or Colombian nationals or that, being children of aliens, any of their parents should have been domiciled in the Republic at the moment of birth.
b. The children of a Colombian father or mother who have born in a foreign land and later domiciled in Colombian territory or registered in a consular office of the Republic.
2. By adoption:
a. Aliens who apply for and obtain [a] card of naturalization, in accordance with the law, which will establish the cases in which Colombian nationality is lost through adoption.
b. Latin Americans and Caribbeans by birth domiciled in Colombia, who, with the authorization of the Government and in accordance with the law and the principle of reciprocity, request to be registered as Colombians before the municipality where they are established.
c. Members of the indigenous peoples who share frontier territories, with application of the principle of reciprocity according to public treaties.
No Colombian by birth may be deprived of their nationality.
The quality of Colombian nationality is not lost by the act of acquiring another nationality. Nationals by adoption will not be obligated to renounce their nationality of origin or adoption.
Those who have renounced their Colombian nationality may recover it in accordance with the law. (Art. 96) - SpanishSon nacionales colombianos:
Por nacimiento:
a) Los naturales de Colombia, que con una de dos condiciones: que el padre o la madre hayan sido naturales o nacionales colombianos o que, siendo hijos de extranjeros, alguno de sus padres estuviere domiciliado en la República en el momento del nacimiento y;
b) Los hijos de padre o madre colombianos que hubieren nacido en tierra extranjera y fuego se domiciliaren en territorio colombiano o registraren en una oficina consular de la República.
2. Por adopción:
a) Los extranjeros que soliciten y obtengan carta de naturalización, de acuerdo con la ley, la cual establecerá los casos en los cuales se pierde la nacionalidad colombiana por adopción;
b) Los Latinoamericanos y del Caribe por nacimiento domiciliados en Colombia, que con autorización del Gobierno y de acuerdo con la ley y el principio de reciprocidad, pidan ser inscritos como colombianos ante la municipalidad donde se establecieren, y;
c) Los miembros de los pueblos indígenas que comparten territorios fronterizos, con aplicación del principio de reciprocidad según tratados públicos.
Ningún colombiano por nacimiento podrá ser privado de su nacionalidad. La calidad de nacional colombiano no se pierde por el hecho de adquirir otra nacionalidad. Los nacionales por adopción no estarán obligados a renunciar a su nacionalidad de origen o adopción.
Quienes hayan renunciado a la nacionalidad colombiana podrán recobrarla con arreglo a la ley. (Art. 96)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English1. Any woman who, on 9th July 1973, is or has been married to a person-
a. who becomes a citizen of The Bahamas by virtue of Article 3 of this Constitution; or
b. who, having died before 10th July 1973, would, but for his death, have become a citizen of The Bahamas by virtue of that Article, shall be entitled, upon making application and upon taking the oath of allegiance or such declaration in such manner as may be prescribed, to be registered as a citizen of The Bahamas:
Provided that the right to be registered as a citizen of The Bahamas under this paragraph shall be subject to such exceptions or qualifications as may be prescribed in the interests of national security or public policy.
2. Any person who, on 9th July 1973, possesses Bahamian Status under the provisions of the Immigration Act 19672 and is ordinarily resident in the Bahamas Islands, shall be entitled, upon making application before 19th July 1974, to be registered as a citizen of The Bahamas.
3. Notwithstanding anything contained in paragraph (2) of this Article, a person who has attained the age of eighteen years or who is a woman who is or has been married shall not, if he is a citizen of some country other than The Bahamas, be entitled to be registered as a citizen of The Bahamas under the provisions of that paragraph unless he renounces his citizenship of that other country, takes the oath of allegiance and makes and registers such declarations may be prescribed:
Provided that where a person cannot renounce his citizenship of the other country under the law of that country he may instead make such declaration concerning that citizenship as may be prescribed.
4. Any application for registration under paragraph (2) of this Article shall be subject to such exceptions or qualifications as may be prescribed in the interest of national security or public policy.
5. Any woman who on 9th July 1973 is or has been married to a person who subsequently becomes a citizen of The Bahamas by registration under paragraph (2) of this Article shall be entitled, upon making application and upon taking the oath of allegiance or such declaration as may be prescribed, to be registered as a citizen of The Bahamas:
Provided that the right to be registered as a citizen of The Bahamas under this paragraph shall be subject to such exceptions or qualifications as may be prescribed in the interests of national security or public policy.
6. Any application for registration under this Article shall be made in such manner as may be prescribed as respects that application:
Provided that such an application may not be made by a person who has not attained the age of eighteen year and is not a woman who is or has been married, but shall be made on behalf of that person by a parent or guardian of that person. (Art. 5)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English(1) If the President is satisfied that any citizen of Guyana has at any time after 25th May, 1966, acquired by registration, naturalisation or other voluntary and formal act (other than marriage) the citizenship of any country other than Guyana, the President may by order deprive that person of his or her citizenship.
(2) If the President is satisfied that any citizen of Guyana has at any time after 25 May, 1966, voluntarily claimed and exercised in a country other than Guyana any rights available to him under the law of that country, being rights accorded exclusively to its citizens, the President may by order deprive that person of his or her citizenship. (Art. 46)