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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Customary Law
Viet Nam
- English…
3. … Every ethnic group has the right to use its own spoken and written language to preserve its own identity and to promote its fine customs, practices, traditions and culture.
… (Art. 5) - Vietnamese…
3. … Các dân tộc có quyền dùng tiếng nói, chữ viết, giữ gìn bản sắc dân tộc, phát huy phong tục, tập quán, truyền thống và văn hoá tốt đẹp của mình.
… (Điều 5)
Customary Law
Vanuatu
- EnglishParliament shall by law provide for the organisation of the Malvatumauri Council of Chiefs and in particular for the role of chiefs at the village, island and district level. (Art. 31)
- FrenchLe Parlement légifère sur l'organisation du Conseil des Chefs Malvatumauri, et en particulier sur le rôle des chefs dans les villages, dans les îles et dans les provinces. (Art. 31)
Customary Law
Ecuador
- EnglishThe authorities of the indigenous communities, peoples, and nations shall perform jurisdictional duties, on the basis of their ancestral traditions and their own system of law, within their own territories, with a guarantee for the participation of, and decision-making by, women. The authorities shall apply their own standards and procedures for the settlement of internal disputes, as long as they are not contrary to the Constitution and human rights enshrined in international instruments.
The State shall guarantee that the decisions of indigenous jurisdiction are observed by public institutions and authorities. These decisions shall be subject to monitoring of their constitutionality. The law shall establish the mechanisms for coordination and cooperation between indigenous jurisdiction and regular jurisdiction. (Art. 171) - SpanishLas autoridades de las comunidades, pueblos y nacionalidades indígenas ejercerán funciones jurisdiccionales, con base en sus tradiciones ancestrales y su derecho propio, dentro de su ámbito territorial, con garantía de participación y decisión de las mujeres. Las autoridades aplicarán normas y procedimientos propios para la solución de sus conflictos internos, y que no sean contrarios a la Constitución y a los derechos humanos reconocidos en instrumentos internacionales.
El Estado garantizará que las decisiones de la jurisdicción indígena sean respetadas por las instituciones y autoridades públicas. Dichas decisiones estarán sujetas al control de constitucionalidad. La ley establecerá los mecanismos de coordinación y cooperación entre la jurisdicción indígena y la jurisdicción ordinaria. (Art. 171)
Customary Law
Somalia
- English(1) The state shall promote the positive traditions and cultural practices of the Somali people, whilst striving to eliminate from the community customs and emerging practices which negatively impact the unity, civilization and wellbeing of society.
… (Art. 31) - Somali(1) Dawladdu waa in ay horumarisaa hiddaha iyo dhaqanka suubban ee Shacabka Soomaaliyeed, iyadoo ku dedaaleysa in ay bulshada ka suuliso caadooyinka haraaga ah iyo kuwa dhowaan-soo-baxa ah ee wax u dhimaya midnimada, ilbaxnimada iyo caafimaadka bulshada.
... (Qodobak 31aad.)
Customary Law
Malaysia
- English…
(3) The Attorney General shall have power, exercisable at his discretion, to institute, conduct or discontinue any proceedings for an offence, other than proceedings before a Syariah court, a native court or a court-martial.
… (Art. 145) - Malay…
(3) Peguam Negara hendaklah mempunyai kuasa yang boleh dijalankan menurut budi bicaranya, untuk memulakan, menjalankan atau memberhentikan apa-apa prosiding bagi sesuatu kesalahan, selain prosiding di hadapan mahkamah Syariah, mahkamah anak negeri atau mahkamah tentera.
… (Perkara 145)
Customary Law
Zambia
- English...
2. Every person who is charged with a criminal offence—...
d. shall unless legal aid is granted him in accordance with the law enacted by Parliament for such purpose be permitted to defend himself before the court in person, or at his own expense, by a legal representative of his own choice;
…
12. Nothing contained in or done under the authority of any law shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of—
…
b. paragraph (d) of clause (2) to the extent that it is shown that the law in question prohibits legal representation before a subordinate court in proceedings for an offence under Zambian customary law, being proceedings against any person who, under that law, is subject to that law;
… (Art. 18)
Customary Law
Mozambique
- English1. The State shall recognise and esteem traditional authority that is legitimate according to the people and to customary law.
2. The State shall define the relationship between traditional authority and other institutions and the part that traditional authority should play in the economic, social and cultural affairs of the country, in accordance with the law. (Art. 118) - Portuguese1. O Estado reconhece e valoriza a autoridade tradicional legitimada pelas populações e segundo o direito consuetudinário.
2. O Estado define o relacionamento da autoridade tradicional com as demais instituições e enquadra a sua participação na vida económica, social e cultural do país, nos termos da lei. (Art. 118)
Customary Law
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- English(1) Subject to the provisions of subsections (4), (5) and (7) of this section, no law shall make any provision that is discriminatory either of itself or in its effect.
…
(3) In this section, the expression “discriminatory” means affording different treatment to different persons attributable wholly or mainly to their respective descriptions by sex, race, place of origin, political opinions, colour or creed whereby persons of one such description are subjected to disabilities or restrictions to which persons of another such description are not made subject or are accorded privileges or advantages which are not accorded to persons of another such description.
(4) Subsection (1) of this section shall not apply to any law so far as that law makes provision-
…
c. for the application, in the case of persons of any such description as is mentioned in subsection (3) of this section (or of persons connected with such persons), of the law with respect to adoption, marriage, divorce, burial, devolution of property on death or other like matters that is the personal law of persons of that description;
… (Sec. 13)
Customary Law
Thailand
- EnglishThe State should promote and provide protection for different ethnic groups to have the right to live in the society according to the traditional culture, custom, and ways of life on a voluntary basis, peacefully and without interference, insofar as it is not contrary to public order or good morals or does not endanger the security of the State, health or sanitation. (Sec. 70)
- Thaiรัฐพึงส่งเสริมและให้ความคุ้มครองกลุ่มชาติพันธุ์ต่างๆ ให้มีสิทธิดํารงชีวิตในสังคมตามวัฒนธรรม ประเพณี และวิถีชีวิตดั้งเดิมตามความสมัครใจ อย่างสงบสุข ไม่ถูกรบกวน ทั้งนี้ เท่าที่ไม่เป็นการขัดต่อความสงบเรียบร้อยหรือศีลธรรมอันดีของประชาชน หรือเป็นอันตราย ต่อความมั่นคงของรัฐ หรือสุขภาพอนามัย (มาตรา ๗๐)
Customary Law
Poland
- English1. The Republic of Poland shall ensure Polish citizens belonging to national or ethnic minorities the freedom to maintain and develop their own language, to maintain customs and traditions, and to develop their own culture.
… (Art. 35) - Polish1. Rzeczpospolita Polska zapewnia obywatelom polskim należącym do mniejszości narodowych i etnicznych wolność zachowania i rozwoju własnego języka, zachowania obyczajów i tradycji oraz rozwoju własnej kultury.
… (Art. 35)