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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Customary Law
- English(1) Subject to this Part, an emergency law may make provision for the peace, order and good government of the country to the extent reasonably required for achieving its purpose.
(2) Notwithstanding the provisions of Sections 12 and 13 but subject to Subsections (3) and (4), an emergency law may alter, wholly or partly, and absolutely or subject to conditions, any provision of Division III.3 (basic rights), any Organic Law made for the purposes of any such provision or any other law (other than a Constitutional Law) to the extent reasonably necessary to deal with the emergency concerned, and with matters arising out of it, but only so far as is reasonably justifiable in a democratic society having a proper regard for the rights and dignity of mankind.
(3) An emergency law-
(a) may not alter-
i. Section 35 (right to life); or
ii. Section 36 (freedom from inhuman treatment); or
iii. Section 45 (freedom of conscience, thought and religion); or
iv. Section 50 (right to vote and stand for public office); or
v. Section 55 (equality of citizens); or
vi. Section 56 (other rights and privileges of citizens, and
(b) may provide for internment only in accordance with Division 5 (internment); and
(c) may alter Section 37 (protection of the law) or Section 42 (liberty of the person) only to the extent allowed by Paragraph (b).
(4) In addition, an Emergency Regulation may not alter-
(a) Section 46 (freedom of expression); or
(b) Section 47 (freedom of assembly and association); or
(c) Section 49 (right to privacy); or
(d) Section 51 (right to freedom of information), and may not provide for a sentence of imprisonment for a period exceeding nine months.
(5) In the case of an inconsistency between a valid emergency law and any other law, the law made later prevails. (Sec. 233)
Customary Law
- EnglishEvery citizen shall, in accord with the law, have the right to freely develop literature, culture, arts, customs and traditions they cherish. In the process, they shall avoid any act detrimental to national solidarity. Moreover, any particular action which might adversely affect the interests of one or several other national races shall be taken only after coordinating with and obtaining the settlement of those affected. (Sec. 365)
- Burmeseနိုင်ငံသားတိုင်းသည် ဥပဒေနှင့်အညီ မိမိတို့အမြတ်တနိုးထားရှိသော စာပေ၊ ယဉ်ကျေးမှု၊ အနုပညာနှင့် ဓလေ့ထုံးတမ်းတို့ကို လွတ်လပ်စွာ ပြုစုပျိူးထောင်ဆောင်ရွက်ပိုင်ခွင့်ရှိသည်။ ယင်းသို့ဆောင်ရွက်ရာတွင် တိုင်းရင်းသားစည်းလုံးညီညွတ်ရေးကို ထိပါးမှုမရှိစေရန် ရှောင်ကြဉ်ရမည်။ ထို့ပြင်မိမိတို့၏ ဆောင်ရွက်မှုသည် အခြားတိုင်းရင်းသားလူမျိုး တစ်မျိုးကိုဖြစ်စေ၊ လူမျိုးများကိုဖြစ်စေ ထိခိုက်နစ်နာစေနိုင်လျှင် သက်ဆိုင်သူများအချင်းချင်းညှိနှိုင်း၍ ပြေလည်မှုရရှိပြီးမှသာ ဆောင်ရွက်ခွင့် ရှိသည်။ (ပုဒ်မ-၃၆၅)
Customary Law
- EnglishEvery Togolese citizen has the right to circulate freely and to establish themselves in the national territory in any place [point] of their choice within the conditions defined by the law or local custom. … (Art. 22)
- FrenchTout citoyen togolais a le droit de circuler librement et de s'établir sur le territoire national en tout point de son choix dans les conditions définies par la loi ou la coutume locale. … (Art. 22)
Customary Law
- EnglishThe State, subject to the provisions of this Constitution and national development policies and programs, shall protect the rights of indigenous cultural communities to their ancestral lands to ensure their economic, social, and cultural well-being.
The Congress may provide for the applicability of customary laws governing property rights or relations in determining the ownership and extent of ancestral domain. (Art. XII, Sec. 5) - FilipinoDapat pangalagaan ng Estado, batay sa mga tadhana ng Konstitusyong ito at sa mga patakaran at mga programa sa pagpapaunlad ng bansa, ang mga karapatan ng mga katutubong pamayanang kultural sa kanilang minanang lupain upang matiyak ang kanilang kagalinang ekonomiko, panlipunan, at pangkultura.
Maaaring magtakda ang Kongreso para sa pagpapairal ng mga nakaugaliang batas hinggil sa mga karapatan o mga ugnayan sa ariarian sa pagtiyak sa pagmamay-ari ng minanang lupain. (Art. XII, Seksyon 5)
Customary Law
- English
The law establishes the rules concerning:
…
- the procedure according to which the habits and customs will be recognized [constatées] and harmonized with the fundamental principles of the Constitution;
… (Art. 101) - French
La loi fixe les règles concernant :
…
- la procédure selon laquelle les us et coutumes sont constatés et mis en harmonie avec les principes fondamentaux de la Constitution ;
… (Art. 101)
Customary Law
- English(1) The judiciary of Zimbabwe consists of—
…
(f) persons presiding over magistrates courts, customary law courts and other courts established by or under an Act of Parliament.
… (Sec. 163)
Customary Law
- EnglishThe rules of custom shall form the basis of ownership and use of land in the Republic of Vanuatu. (Art. 74)
- FrenchDans la République, les règles coutumières constituent le fondement des droits de propriété et d'usage des terres. (Art. 74)
Customary Law
- English(1) For the purpose of exercising any jurisdiction conferred upon it by this Constitution or any other law, the Court of Appeal shall be duly constituted if it consists of not less than three Justices of the Court of Appeal and in the case of appeals from –
…
(b) a Customary Court of Appeal, if it consists of not less than three Justices of Court of Appeal learned in Customary law. (Sec. 247)
Customary Law
- English
The authorities of the Rural and Native Communities, with the support of the Rural Patrols, may exercise jurisdictional functions within their domain [ámbito] in accordance with customary law, provided they do not violate the fundamental rights of the person. The law establishes the forms of coordination of said special jurisdiction with Justices of the Peace and with other instances of the Judicial Power. (Art. 149)
- Spanish
Las autoridades de las Comunidades Campesinas y Nativas, con el apoyo de las Rondas Campesinas, pueden ejercer las funciones jurisdiccionales dentro de su ámbito territorial de conformidad con el derecho consuetudinario, siempre que no violen los derechos fundamentales de la persona. La ley establece las formas de coordinación de dicha jurisdicción especial con los Juzgados de Paz y con las demás instancias del Poder Judicial. (Art. 149)
Customary Law
- English(1) All land in Samoa is customary land, freehold land or public land.
(2) Customary land means land held from Samoa in accordance with Samoan custom and usage and with the law relating to Samoan custom and usage.
… (Art. 101) - Samoan(1) O eleele uma i Samoa o eleele tau le aganuu, eleele umia saoloto (fanua na faatauina mai), po o eleele tau le Malo.
(2) O eleele tau le aganuu o lona uiga o eleele e umia mai ia Samoa e talafeagai ai ma aganuu faa-Samoa ma lo latou faaaogaina ma e tusa ai ma le tulafono e uiga i aganuu faa-Samoa ma lo latou faaaogaina.
… (Mataupu 101)