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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Citizenship and Nationality
El Salvador
- EnglishThe status [calidad] of [a] naturalized Salvadoran is lost:
1) By residing for more than two consecutive years in the country of origin or by absence from the territory of the Republic for more than five consecutive years, unless in case of a permission granted in accordance with the law;
2) By executed sentence, in the cases determined by the law. Anyone who loses his nationality in this manner cannot recover it. (Art. 94) - SpanishLa calidad de salvadoreño naturalizado se pierde:
1º- Por residir más de dos años consecutivos en el país de origen o por ausencia del territorio de la República por más de cinco años consecutivos, salvo en caso de permiso otorgado conforme a la ley;
2º- Por sentencia ejecutoriada, en los casos que determine la ley. Quien pierda así la nacionalidad, no podrá recuperarla. (Art. 94)
Citizenship and Nationality
Uruguay
- EnglishCitizens of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay are natural or legal. (Art. 73)
- SpanishLos ciudadanos de la República Oriental del Uruguay son naturales o legales. (Art. 73)
Citizenship and Nationality
Costa Rica
- English[The following] are Costa Ricans by naturalization:
1. The ones who have acquired this nationality by virtue of previous laws.
2. The nationals of other countries of Central American, the Spanish and the Spanish-Americans by birth, who have officially resided in the country for five years at a minimum and that fulfill the other requirements established by the law.
3. The Central Americans, the Spanish and the Spanish-Americans that are not so by birth, and the other foreigners who have officially resided in the country for seven years at a minimum and that fulfill the other requirements established by the law.
4. The foreign woman who by contracting marriage with a Costa Rican loses her nationality.
5. The foreign persons who by marring Costa Ricans lose their nationality or that after being married two years to Costa Ricans, and residing for that same time period in the country, manifest their desire to acquire the Costa Rican nationality.
6. Whoever holds honorary nationality granted by the Legislative Assembly. (Art. 14) - SpanishSon costarricenses por naturalización:
1) Los que hayan adquirido esta nacionalidad en virtud de leyes anteriores.
2) Los nacionales de otros países de Centroamérica, los españoles y los iberoamericanos por nacimiento que hayan residido oficialmente en el país durante cinco años y que cumplan con los demás requisitos que fije la ley.
3) Los centroamericanos, los españoles y los iberoamericanos que no lo sean por nacimiento y los demás extranjeros que hayan residido oficialmente en el país durante siete años como mínimo y que cumplan con los demás requisitos que fije la ley.
4) La mujer extranjera que al contraer matrimonio con costarricense pierde su nacionalidad.
5) Las personas extranjeras que al casarse con costarricenses pierdan su nacionalidad o que luego de haber estado casadas dos años con costarricenses, y de residir por ese mismo período en el país, manifiesten su deseo de adquirir la nacionalidad costarricense.
6) Quienes ostenten la nacionalidad honorífica otorgada por la Asamblea Legislativa. (Art. 14)
Citizenship and Nationality
Ecuador
- EnglishThe following persons are Ecuadorians by naturalization:
1. Those who obtain the naturalization card.
2. Under-age foreigners adopted by a female or male Ecuadorian, who shall keep their Ecuadorian nationality as long as they do not express their wish to the contrary.
3. Those born abroad of a mother or father who is Ecuadorian by naturalization, while they are minors, shall keep their Ecuadorian nationality, as long as they do not express their wish to the contrary.
4. Those who marry, or have a common-law marriage with, an Ecuadorian female or male, in accordance with the law.
5. Those who obtain Ecuadorian nationality for having provided important services to the country on the basis of their talent or individual effort.
Those who acquire the Ecuadorian nationality shall not be obligated to forfeit their nationality of origin.
Ecuadorian nationality acquired by naturalization shall be forfeited by express renunciation. (Art. 8) - SpanishCon ecuatorianas y ecuatorianos por naturalización las siguientes personas:
1. Las que obtengan la carta de naturalización.
2. Las extranjeras menores de edad adoptadas por una ecuatoriana o ecuatoriano, que conservarán la nacionalidad ecuatoriana mientras no expresen voluntad contraria.
3. Las nacidas en el exterior de madre o padre ecuatorianos por naturalización, mientras aquéllas sean menores de edad; conservarán la nacionalidad ecuatoriana si no expresan voluntad contraria.
4. Las que contraigan matrimonio o mantengan unión de hecho con una ecuatoriana o un ecuatoriano, de acuerdo con la ley.
5. Las que obtengan la nacionalidad ecuatoriana por haber prestado servicios relevantes al país con su talento o esfuerzo Individual.
Quienes adquieran la nacionalidad ecuatoriana no estarán obligados a renunciar a su nacionalidad de origen.
La nacionalidad ecuatoriana adquirida por naturalización se perderá por renuncia expresa. (Art. 8)
Citizenship and Nationality
Paraguay
- EnglishThe naturalized Paraguayan nationals lose nationality by virtue of an unjustified absence [ausencia] from the Republic for more than three years, declared judicially [judicialmente], or by the voluntary acquisition of another nationality. (Art. 150)
- SpanishLos paraguayos naturalizados pierden la nacionalidad en virtud de ausencia injustificada de la República por más de tres años, declarada judicialmente, o por la adquisición voluntaria de otra nacionalidad. (Art. 150)
Citizenship and Nationality
Spain
- English1. The State shall have exclusive competence over the following matters:
…
2) Nationality,
… (Sec. 149) - Spanish1. El Estado tiene competencia exclusiva sobre las siguientes materias:
…
2ª. Nacionalidad,
… (Art. 149)
Citizenship and Nationality
Cuba
- EnglishA person is a Cuban citizen through birth if:
a. They are born within the national territory, with the exception of the children of foreigners that are in the service of their government or an international organization. The law establishes the requirements and the formalities for cases involving the children of foreigners who are not permanent residents within the country;
b. They are born abroad to a Cuban mother or father, who were completing an official mission, according to the requirements and formalities established by the law;
c. They are born abroad to a Cuban mother or father, having previously complied with the requirements and formalities indicated by the law, or
d. They are born outside the national territory to a mother or father native to the Republic of Cuba that has lost Cuban citizenship, as long as they reclaim it in the form indicated by the law. (Art. 34) - SpanishSon ciudadanos cubanos por nacimiento:
a) los nacidos en el territorio nacional, con excepción de los hijos de extranjeros que se encuentren al servicio de su gobierno o de organismos internacionales. La ley establece los requisitos y las formalidades para el caso de los hijos de los extranjeros no residentes permanentes en el país;
b) los nacidos en el extranjero de padre o madre cubanos que se hallen cumpliendo misión oficial, de acuerdo con los requisitos y las formalidades que establece la ley;
c) los nacidos en el extranjero de padre o madre cubanos, previo cumplimiento de los requisitos y las formalidades que la ley señala; y
d) los nacidos fuera del territorio nacional de padre o madre cubanos por nacimiento que hayan perdido la ciudadanía cubana, siempre que la reclamen en la forma que señala la ley. (Art. 34)
Citizenship and Nationality
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
- EnglishIs of the competence of the National Public Power:
…
4. Naturalization, … (Art. 156) - SpanishEs de la competencia del Poder Público Nacional:
…
4. La naturalización, … (Art. 156)
Citizenship and Nationality
Guatemala
- EnglishThose who obtain their naturalization in accordance with the law are Guatemalans.
The naturalized Guatemalans, have the same rights as those of origin, except for the limitations established in this Constitution. (Art. 146) - SpanishSon guatemaltecos, quienes obtengan su naturalización, de conformidad con la ley.
Los guatemaltecos naturalizados, tienen los mismos derechos que los de origen, salvo las limitaciones que establece esta Constitución. (Art. 146)
Citizenship and Nationality
Cuba
- EnglishCuban citizenship may be recovered in accordance with the requirements and formalities prescribed by the law. (Art. 39)
- SpanishLa ciudadanía cubana podrá recuperarse previo cumplimiento de los requisitos y formalidades que prescribe la ley. (Art. 39)