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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Citizenship and Nationality
Ecuador
- EnglishAll female and male Ecuadorians are citizens and shall enjoy the rights set forth in the Constitution.
Ecuadorian nationality is a political and legal bond between individuals and the State, without detriment to their belonging to any of the other indigenous nations that coexist in plurinational Ecuador.
Ecuadorian nationality is obtained by birth or naturalization and shall not be forfeited because of marriage or its dissolution or by acquiring another nationality. (Art. 6) - SpanishTodas las ecuatorianas y los ecuatorianos son ciudadanos y gozarán de los derechos establecidos en la Constitución.
La nacionalidad ecuatoriana es el vínculo jurídico político de las personas con el Estado, sin perjuicio de su pertenencia a alguna de las nacionalidades indígenas que coexisten en el Ecuador plurinacional.
La nacionalidad ecuatoriana se obtendrá por nacimiento o por naturalización y no se perderá por el matrimonio o su disolución, ni por la adquisición de otra nacionalidad. (Art. 6)
Citizenship and Nationality
Guatemala
- EnglishThe nationals by birth of the republics that constituted the Federation of Central America, if they acquire domicile in Guatemala and manifest before the competent authority their wish to become Guatemalans, will also be considered Guatemalans of origin. In such case they can retain their nationality of origin, without prejudice to what is established in [the] Central American treaties or agreements. (Art. 145)
- SpanishTambién se consideran guatemaltecos de origen, a los nacionales por nacimiento, de las repúblicas que constituyeron la Federación de Centroamérica, si adquieren domicilio en Guatemala y manifestaren ante autoridad competente, su deseo de ser guatemaltecos. En este caso podrán conservar su nacionalidad de origen, sin perjuicio de lo que se establezca en tratados o convenios centroamericanos. (Art. 145)
Citizenship and Nationality
Jamaica
- English1. Every person born in Jamaica shall become a citizen of Jamaica-
a. on the sixth day of August, 1962, in the case of a person born before that date;
b. on the date of his birth, in the case of a person born on or after the sixth day of August, 1962.
2. A person shall be deemed to be born in Jamaica-
…
b. if at the time of his birth his mother-
i. is a citizen of Jamaica residing in a country other than Jamaica by reason of her employment in the diplomatic service of Jamaica; or
ii. whether or not a citizen of Jamaica, is residing in a country other than Jamaica by reason of her being married to a citizen of Jamaica who is residing in that country by reason of his employment in the diplomatic service of Jamaica.
… (Sec. 3B)
Citizenship and Nationality
Nicaragua
- English
In the case of dual nationality it will proceed in accordance with the treaties and the principle of reciprocity. (Art. 22)
- Spanish
En los casos de doble nacionalidad se procede conforme los tratados y el principio de reciprocidad. (Art. 22)
Citizenship and Nationality
Saint Kitts and Nevis
- English(1) The following persons shall, if they do not already possess citizenship, be entitled, upon making application, to be registered as citizens:
(a) any person who is married to a citizen;
(b) any person who, being a Commonwealth citizen, is ordinarily resident in Saint Christopher and Nevis having been so resident for the period of fourteen years immediately preceding the date of his or her application;
(c) any person who, having been a citizen, has renounced his or her citizenship;
(d) any person who, but for renunciation of citizenship, would have become a citizen by virtue of section 90;
(e) any person who is married to any such person as is mentioned in paragraph (b), (c) or (d);
(f) any person who
(i) was married to a person who but for his or her death would have become a citizen by virtue of section 90; or
(ii) was married to a person who became a citizen by virtue of that section, but whose marriage to that person had been terminated by dissolution at any time before 19th September 1983 after having subsisted for at least three years;
(g) any person under the age of eighteen years who is the child of a citizen or the child of a person who is or would but for his or her death have been entitled to be registered as a citizen under any of the preceding paragraphs; and
(h) such other persons as may be prescribed by Parliament:
Provided that if it is so provided by Parliament an application for registration as a citizen under this subsection may in such circumstances as may be prescribed by Parliament in the interests of defence, public safety or public order, be refused by the Minister responsible for the matter in any case in which he or she is satisfied that there are reasonable grounds for refusing the application.
(2) An application for registration under subsection (1) shall be made in such manner as may be prescribed, as respects that application, by or under a law enacted by Parliament and, in the case of a person under the age of eighteen years, it shall be made on his or her behalf by his or her parent or guardian:
Provided that, if any such person is or has been married, he or she may make the application himself or herself.
… (Sec. 92)
Citizenship and Nationality
Antigua and Barbuda
- English1. A person, who on 1st November 1981, is a citizen or entitled to be registered as such and is also a citizen of some other country or entitled to be registered as such shall not solely on the ground that he is or becomes a citizen of that country, be
a. deprived of his citizenship;
b. refused registration as a citizen; or
c. required to renounce his citizenship of that other country, by or under any law.
2. A person referred to in subsection (1) of this section shall not
a. be refused a passport of Antigua and Barbuda or have such a passport withdrawn, cancelled, or impounded solely on the ground that he is in possession of a passport issued by some other country of which he is a citizen; or
b. be required to surrender or be prohibited from acquiring a passport issued by some other country of which he is a citizen before being issued with a passport of Antigua and Barbuda or as a condition of retaining such a passport. (Sec. 115)
Citizenship and Nationality
Trinidad and Tobago
- EnglishAny person who became a citizen by birth under section 9(1) or a citizen by descent under section 9(2) of the former Constitution, and who has not ceased to be a citizen under that Constitution, shall continue to be a citizen under this Constitution. (Sec. 15)
Citizenship and Nationality
Barbados
- English(1) Any woman who on 29th November is or has been married to a person—
(a) who becomes a citizen of Barbados by virtue of section 2; or
(b) who, having died before 30th November 1966, would but for his death have become a citizen of Barbados by virtue of that section, shall be entitled, upon making application, and, if she is a British protected person or an alien, upon taking the oath of allegiance, to be registered as a citizen of Barbados.
(2) Any person who is a Commonwealth citizen (otherwise than by virtue of being a citizen of Barbados) and who—
(a) has been ordinarily resident in Barbados continuously for a period of seven years or more at any time before 30th November 1966; and
(b) has not, since such period of residence in Barbados and before that date, been ordinarily resident outside Barbados continuously for a period of seven years or more, shall be entitled, upon making application, to be registered as a citizen of Barbados.
(3) Any woman who on 29th November 1966 is or has been married to a person who subsequently becomes a citizen of Barbados by registration under subsection (2) shall be entitled, upon making application, and, if she is a British protected person or an alien, upon taking the oath of allegiance, to be registered as a citizen of Barbados.
(4) Any application for registration under this section shall be made in such manner as may be prescribed as respects that application: Provided that such an application may not be made by a person who has not attained the age of eighteen years and is not a woman who is or has been married, but shall be made on behalf of that person by a parent or guardian of that person.
(5) The right to be registered as a citizen of Barbados under this section shall be subject to such exceptions or qualifications as may be prescribed in the interests of national security or public policy. (Sec. 3)
Citizenship and Nationality
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
- EnglishAnyone who loses or renounces to nationality loses citizenship. The exercise of citizenship or any political rights can be suspended only by final judicial decision in the cases provided by law. (Art. 42)
- SpanishQuien pierda o renuncie a la nacionalidad pierde la ciudadanía. El ejercicio de la ciudadanía o de alguno de los derechos políticos sólo puede ser suspendido por sentencia judicial firme en los casos que determine la ley. (Art. 42)
Citizenship and Nationality
Bolivia, Plurinational State of
- EnglishI. The following are the areas of prerogative authority of the central level of the State:
…
9. Nationality, citizenship, laws applicable to foreigners, the right to asylum and refuge.
… (Art. 298) - SpanishI. Son competencias privativas del nivel central del Estado:
...
9. Nacionalidad, ciudadanía, extranjería, derecho de asilo y refugio.
... (Art. 298)