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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Citizenship and Nationality
- English1. Every person of I-Kiribati descent who, having been born in Kiribati, is on the day prior to Independence Day a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies shall become a citizen of Kiribati on Independence Day.
2. Every person not of I-Kiribati descent who, having been born in Kiribati, is an eligible person shall become a citizen of Kiribati on Independence Day.
3. Every person who is of I-Kiribati descent or an eligible person and who acquired the status of citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies under the British Nationality Acts 1948 to 1965 [FN: 1948 c. 56; 1958 c. 10; 1964 c. 22; 1964 c. 54; 1965 c. 34.] by virtue of having been naturalised or registered under those Acts, or naturalised as a British subject before 1949, while resident in Kiribati, shall become a citizen of Kiribati on Independence Day. (Sec. 20)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English1. A citizen of Uganda of eighteen years and above, who voluntarily acquires the citizenship of a country other than Uganda may retain the citizenship of Uganda subject to this Constitution and any law enacted by Parliament.
2. A person who is not a citizen of Uganda may, on acquiring the citizenship of Uganda, subject to this Constitution and any law enacted by Parliament, retain the citizenship of another country.
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5. Where the law of a country, other than Uganda, requires a person who marries a citizen of that country to renounce the citizenship of his or her own country by virtue of that marriage, a citizen of Uganda who is deprived of his or her citizenship by virtue of that marriage shall, on the dissolution of that marriage, if he or she thereby loses his or her citizenship acquired by that marriage, become a citizen of Uganda.
6. Parliament shall by law prescribe the circumstances under which-
a. a citizen of Uganda who acquires the citizenship of another country, may retain the citizenship of Uganda;
b. a citizen of Uganda whose citizenship of origin is of another country and who holds the citizenship of another country, may cease to be a citizen of Uganda;
c. a person who is not a citizen of Uganda may, on acquiring Uganda citizenship, retain the citizenship of another country.
7. Parliament shall, by law, prescribe the offices of State which a person who holds the citizenship of another country in addition to the citizenship of Uganda is not qualified to hold. (Art. 15)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English
Those born in the territory of the Republic are Peruvians by birth. Also so are those born abroad of [a] Peruvian father or mother, inscribed in the corresponding register, conforming to law.
Those who acquire nationality by naturalization or by option, are also Peruvians, as long as they maintain residence in Peru. (Art. 52) - Spanish
Son peruanos por nacimiento los nacidos en el territorio de la República. También lo son los nacidos en el exterior de padre o madre peruanos, inscritos en el registro correspondiente, conforme a ley.
Son asimismo peruanos los que adquieren la nacionalidad por naturalización o por opción, siempre que tengan residencia en el Perú. (Art. 52)
Citizenship and Nationality
- EnglishSubject to Article 18, any person of or over the age of eighteen years who was born in the Federation before Merdeka Day is entitled, upon making application to the Federal Government, to be registered as a citizen if he satisfies the Federal Government—
(a) that he has resided in the Federation during the seven years immediately preceding the date of the application, for periods amounting in the aggregate to not less than five years;
(b) that he intends to do so permanently;
(c) that he is of good character; and
(d) that he has an elementary knowledge of the Malay language. (Art. 16) - MalayTertakluk kepada Perkara 18, apabila permohonan dibuat kepada Kerajaan Persekutuan oleh mana-mana orang yang berumur lapan belas tahun atau lebih dan yang dilahirkan di Persekutuan sebelum Hari Merdeka, maka orang itu berhak didaftarkan sebagai warganegara jika dia memuaskan hati Kerajaan Persekutuan—
(a) bahawa dia telah bermastautin di Persekutuan dalam masa tujuh tahun sebaik sebelum tarikh permohonan itu, selama tempoh yang pada agregatnya berjumlah tidak kurang daripada lima tahun;
(b) bahawa dia berniat hendak berbuat demikian secara tetap;
(c) bahawa dia berkelakuan baik; dan
(d) bahawa dia mempunyai pengetahuan asas bahasa Melayu. (Perkara 16)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English
A person who on the thirtieth day of January One thousand nine hundred and sixty-eight was included in one of the classes of persons who constituted the Nauruan Community within the meaning of the Nauruan Community Ordinance 1956-1966 of Nauru is a Nauruan citizen. (Art. 71)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English(1) Every person who, immediately before the effective date, was a Zimbabwean citizen continues to be a Zimbabwean citizen after that date.
(2) Every person who was born in Zimbabwe before the effective date is a Zimbabwean citizen by birth if—
(a) one or both of his or her parents was a citizen of a country which became a member of the Southern African Development Community established by the treaty signed at Windhoek in the Republic of Namibia on the 17th August, 1992; and
(b) he or she was ordinarily resident in Zimbabwe on the effective date. (Sec. 43)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English(1) The following persons shall be entitled, upon making application, to be registered as citizens--
a. any woman who is married to a citizen or who has been married to a person who, at any time during the period during which they were married to each other, was a citizen;
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e. any woman who is married to any such person as is mentioned in paragraph (b), (c) or d. of this subsection or who was married to a person who, at any time during the period during which they were married to each other, was entitled to be registered as a citizen under any such paragraph;
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f. any woman who, before the commencement of this Constitution, has been married to a person—
i) who becomes a citizen by virtue of section 90 of this Constitution; or
ii) who, having died before such commencement, would but for his death have become a citizen by virtue of that section,
(2) The following persons shall be entitled, upon making application, to be registered as citizens—
a. any man who is married to a citizen or who has been married to a person who, at any time during the period during which they were married to each other, was a citizen;
b. any person who, being a Commonwealth citizen, is and for seven years previous to his application has been ordinarily resident in Saint Vincent;
c. any man who is married to any such person as is mentioned in paragraph (b), (c) or (d) of subsection (1) of this section or who was married to a person who, at any time during the period during which they were married to each other, was entitled to apply to be registered as a citizen under any such paragraph;
d. any person under the age of twenty-one years who is the stepchild or child adopted in a manner recognised by law of a citizen or is the child, stepchild or child so adopted of a person who is or would but for his death have been entitled to be registered as a citizen under subsection (1) of this section:
Provided that if it is so provided by Parliament an application for registration as a citizen under this subsection may, in such circumstances as may be prescribed by Parliament in the interests of defence, public safety or public order, be refused by the Minister responsible for the matter in any case in which he is satisfied that there are reasonable grounds for refusing the application.
(3) An application under this section shall be made in such manner as may be prescribed, as respects that application, by or under a law enacted by Parliament and, in the case of a person to whom subsection (2) (d) of this section applies, it shall be made on his behalf by his parent or guardian:
Provided that, if any such person is or has been married, he may make the application himself.
… (Sec. 93)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English
(1) The persons who have obtained the citizenship of Nepal at the time of commencement of this Constitution and who are qualified to obtain citizenship in accordance with this Part shall be the citizens of Nepal.
(2) The following person who has his or her permanent domicile in Nepal at the time of commencement of this Constitution shall be the citizen of Nepal by descent:-
(a) A person who has obtained the citizenship of Nepal by descent prior to the commencement of this Constitution;
(b) A person whose father or mother was a citizen of Nepal at the time of his or her birth.
(3) A child of a citizen having obtained the citizenship of Nepal by virtue of birth prior to the commencement of this Constitution shall, upon attaining the age of majority, acquire the citizenship of Nepal by descent in case the child's father and mother both are citizens of Nepal.
(4) Every minor who is found within Nepal and the whereabouts of whose father and mother are not known shall, until the father or the mother of the child is traced, be a citizen of Nepal by descent.
(5) A person who is born in Nepal to a woman who is a citizen of Nepal and has resided in Nepal and whose father is not traced shall be provided with the citizenship of Nepal by descent.
Provided that in case his or her father is held to be a foreign citizen, the citizenship of such person shall be converted into naturalized citizenship as provided for in the federal law.
(6) A foreign woman who has a matrimonial relationship with a citizen of Nepal may, in case she so desires, acquire the naturalized citizenship of Nepal as provided for in the federal law.
(7) Notwithstanding anything contained elsewhere in this Article, in the case of a person born to a woman who is a citizen of Nepal and married to a foreign citizen, the person may acquire the naturalized citizenship of Nepal in accordance with the federal law in case he or she has permanently resided in Nepal and has not acquired the citizenship of a foreign country.
Provided that in case such person's mother and father both are citizens of Nepal at the time of acquisition of citizenship, such person born in Nepal may acquire the citizenship of Nepal by descent.
(8) In the cases other than those referred to in this Article, the Government of Nepal may, in accordance with the federal law, grant the naturalized citizenship of Nepal.
(9) The Government of Nepal may, in accordance with the federal law, grant the honorary citizenship of Nepal.
(10) Whenever any territory is acquired by way of incorporation into Nepal, a person having his or her domicile within such territory shall, subject to the federal law, become a citizen of Nepal. (Art. 11) - Nepali
(१) यो संविधान प्रारम्भ हुँदाका बखत नेपालको नागरिकता प्राप्त गरेका र यस भाग बमोजिम नागरिकता प्राप्त गर्न योग्य व्यक्तिहरू नेपालको नागरिक हुनेछन् ।
(२) यो संविधान प्रारम्भ हुँदाका बखत नेपालमा स्थायी बसोवास भएको देहायको व्यक्ति वंशजको आधारमा नेपालको नागरिक ठहर्नेछः–
(क) यो संविधान प्रारम्भ हुनुभन्दा अघि वंशजको आधारमा नेपालको नागरिकता प्राप्त गरेको व्यक्ति ।
(ख) कुनै व्यक्तिको जन्म हुँदाका बखत निजको बाबु वा आमा नेपालको नागरिक रहेछ भने त्यस्तो व्यक्ति ।
(३) यो संविधान प्रारम्भ हुनुभन्दा अघि जन्मको आधारमा नेपालको नागरिकता प्राप्त गरेको नागरिकको सन्तानले बाबु र आमा दुवै नेपालको नागरिक रहेछन् भने निज बालिग भएपछि वंशजको आधारमा नेपालको नागरिकता प्राप्त गर्नेछ ।
(४) नेपालभित्र फेला परेको पितृत्व र मातृत्वको ठेगान नभएको प्रत्येक नाबालक निजको बाबु वा आमा फेला नपरेसम्म वंशजको आधारमा नेपालको नागरिक ठहर्नेछ ।
(५) नेपालको नागरिक आमाबाट नेपालमा जन्म भई नेपालमा नै बसोबास गरेको र बाबुको पहिचान हुन नसकेको व्यक्तिलाई वंशजको आधारमा नेपालको नागरिकता प्रदान गरिनेछ । तर बाबु विदेशी नागरिक भएको ठहरेमा त्यस्तो व्यक्तिको नागरिकता संघीय कानून बमोजिम अंगीकृत नागरिकतामा परिणत हुनेछ ।
(६) नेपाली नागरिकसँग वैवाहिक सम्बन्ध कायम गरेकी विदेशी महिलाले चाहेमा संघीय कानून बमोजिम नेपालको अंगीकृत नागरिकता लिनसक्नेछ ।
(७) यस धारामा अन्यत्र जुनसुकै कुरा लेखिएको भए तापनि विदेशी नागरिकसँग विवाह गरेकी नेपाली महिला नागरिकबाट जन्मिएको व्यक्तिको हकमा निज नेपालमा नै स्थायी बसोबास गरेको र निजले विदेशी मुलुकका नागरिकता प्राप्त गरेको रहेनछ भने निजले संघीय कानून बमोजिम नेपालको अंगीकृत नागरिकता प्राप्त गर्न सक्नेछ । तर नागरिकता प्राप्त गर्दाका बखत निजका आमा र बाबु दुवै नेपाली नागरिक रहेछन् भने नेपालमा जन्मेको त्यस्तो व्यक्तिले वंशजको आधारमा नेपालको नागरिकता प्राप्त गर्न सक्नेछ ।
(८) यस धारामा लेखिएदेखि बाहेक नेपाल सरकारले संघीय कानून बमोजिम नेपालको अंगीकृत नागरिकता प्रदान गर्न सक्नेछ ।
(९) नेपाल सरकारले संघीय कानून बमोजिम नेपालको सम्मानार्थ नागरिकता प्रदान गर्न सक्नेछ ।
(१०) नेपालभित्र गाभिने गरी कुनै क्षेत्र प्राप्त भएमा त्यस्तो क्षेत्रभित्र बसोबास भएको व्यक्ति संघीय कानूनको अधीनमा रही नेपालको नागरिक हुनेछ । (धारा ११)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English(1) Subject to Subsection (2), citizenship once lost can be regained-
(a) in the case of citizenship by virtue of Section 65 (automatic citizenship on Independence Day) or 66 (citizenship by decent) only after five years continuous residence in the country after the loss of citizenship, and in the deliberate judgement (but subject to Division 4 (Citizenship Advisory Committee)) of the Minister responsible for citizenship matters; and
(b) in the case of citizenship by naturalization only in accordance with the law relating to naturalization, for which purpose any period of residence in the country before the loss of citizenship shall be disregarded.
(2) Where a person-
(a) was a citizen by virtue of Section 65 (automatic citizenship on Independence Day) or 66 (citizenship by descent); and
(b) married, before, on or after Independence Day, a person who was a national or citizen of another country; and
(c) became, on or during the marriage, a national or citizen of the country of which his spouse was at that time a national or citizen, and the marriage has permanently broken up, the reference in Subsection (1)(a) to a period of five years shall be read as a reference to a period of three years commencing-
(d) if the person was, at the time when the marriage broke up, resident in the country on the date on which it broke up; or
(e) if the person was at that time resident outside the country on his return to reside in the country. (Sec. 73)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English1. If the Governor-General is satisfied that any citizen of The Bahamas has at any time after 9th July 1973 acquired by registration, naturalization or other voluntary and formal act (other than marriage) the citizenship of any other country any rights available to him under the law of that country, being rights accorded exclusively to its citizens, the Governor-General may by order deprive that person of his citizenship.
2. If the Governor-General is satisfied that any citizen of The Bahamas has at any time after 9th July 1973 voluntarily claimed and exercised in any other country any rights available to him under the law of that country, being rights accorded exclusively to its citizens, the Governor-General may by order deprive that person of his citizenship. (Art. 11)