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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Citizenship and Nationality
- EnglishCitizenship is lost by act when [one] has renounced nationality, and its exercise may be suspended by virtue of a judicial decision in the cases that the law determines.
Those whose exercise of citizenship has been suspended can request its restoration.
... (Art. 98) - SpanishLa ciudadanía se pierde de hecho cuando se ha renunciado a la nacionalidad, y su ejercicio se puede suspender en virtud de decisión judicial en los casos que determine la ley.
Quienes hayan sido suspendidos en el ejercicio de la ciudadanía, podrán solicitar su rehabilitación.
... (Art. 98)
Citizenship and Nationality
- EnglishTurkmenistan has its own citizenship. The citizenship shall be acquired, retained and lost in accordance with law.
Citizenship of another state shall not be recognized for the citizens of Turkmenistan.
No one shall be deprived of citizenship or the right to change citizenship. … (Art. 10) - RussianТуркменистан имеет своё гражданство. Гражданство приобретается, сохраняется и прекращается в соответствии с законом.
За гражданином Туркменистана не признаётся гражданство другого государства.
Никто не может быть лишён гражданства или права изменить гражданство. … (Статья 10) - TurkmenTürkmenistanyň öz raýatlygy bar. Raýatlyk kanuna laýyklykda edinilýär, saklanylýar we bes edilýär.
Türkmenistanyň raýatyna başga döwletiň raýatlygy ykrar edilmeýär.
Hiç kim raýatlygyndan ýa-da raýatlygyny üýtgetmek hukugyndan mahrum edilip bilinmez. … (10-nji madda)
Citizenship and Nationality
- EnglishAll those considered as such by the law or by virtue of an international convention are Comorian citizens.
Outside of the cases where the law provides otherwise, no Comorian of birth may be deprived of their nationality. (Art. 5) - Arabicالمواطنون القمريون هم جميع الذين يعتبرهم القانون كذلك أو بموجب اتفاقية دولية.
خارج الحالات التي ينص فيها القانون على خلاف ذلك، لا يجوز حرمان أي قمري من جنسيته. (المادة 5) - FrenchSont citoyens comoriens tous ceux qui sont considérés comme tels par la loi ou en vertu d'une convention internationale.
Hors des cas où la loi en dispose autrement, aucun Comorien de naissance ne peut être privé de sa nationalité. (Art. 5)
Citizenship and Nationality
- EnglishCongolese nationality is one and exclusive. It may not be held concurrently with any other.
The Congolese nationality is either of origin, or by individual acquisition.
Any person belonging to an ethnic group of which the members [personnes] and the territory are constituent to that which became the Congo (presently the Democratic Republic of the Congo) at independence, is Congolese of origin. (Art. 10)4 - FrenchLa nationalité congolaise est une et exclusive. Elle ne peut être détenue concurremment avec aucune autre.
La nationalité congolaise est soit d’origine, soit d’acquisition individuelle.
Est Congolais d’origine, toute personne appartenant aux groupes ethniques don’t les personnes et le territoire constituaient ce qui est devenu le Congo (présentement la République Démocratique du Congo) à l’indépendance.
Une loi organique détermine les conditions de reconnaissance, d’acquisition, de perte et de recouvrement de la nationalité congolaise. (Art. 10)
Citizenship and Nationality
- Englisha. All persons who, on the coming into force of this Constitution were lawfully citizens of Liberia shall continue to be Liberian citizens.
b. In order to preserve, foster and maintain the positive Liberian culture, values and character, only persons who are Negroes or of Negro descent shall qualify by birth or by naturalization to be citizens of Liberia.
c. The Legislature shall, adhering to the above standard, prescribe such other qualification criteria for the procedures by which naturalization may be obtained. (Art. 27)
Citizenship and Nationality
- EnglishThe following persons are Ecuadorians by naturalization:
1. Those who obtain the naturalization card.
2. Under-age foreigners adopted by a female or male Ecuadorian, who shall keep their Ecuadorian nationality as long as they do not express their wish to the contrary.
3. Those born abroad of a mother or father who is Ecuadorian by naturalization, while they are minors, shall keep their Ecuadorian nationality, as long as they do not express their wish to the contrary.
4. Those who marry, or have a common-law marriage with, an Ecuadorian female or male, in accordance with the law.
5. Those who obtain Ecuadorian nationality for having provided important services to the country on the basis of their talent or individual effort.
Those who acquire the Ecuadorian nationality shall not be obligated to forfeit their nationality of origin.
Ecuadorian nationality acquired by naturalization shall be forfeited by express renunciation. (Art. 8) - SpanishCon ecuatorianas y ecuatorianos por naturalización las siguientes personas:
1. Las que obtengan la carta de naturalización.
2. Las extranjeras menores de edad adoptadas por una ecuatoriana o ecuatoriano, que conservarán la nacionalidad ecuatoriana mientras no expresen voluntad contraria.
3. Las nacidas en el exterior de madre o padre ecuatorianos por naturalización, mientras aquéllas sean menores de edad; conservarán la nacionalidad ecuatoriana si no expresan voluntad contraria.
4. Las que contraigan matrimonio o mantengan unión de hecho con una ecuatoriana o un ecuatoriano, de acuerdo con la ley.
5. Las que obtengan la nacionalidad ecuatoriana por haber prestado servicios relevantes al país con su talento o esfuerzo Individual.
Quienes adquieran la nacionalidad ecuatoriana no estarán obligados a renunciar a su nacionalidad de origen.
La nacionalidad ecuatoriana adquirida por naturalización se perderá por renuncia expresa. (Art. 8)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English
…
(2) Everybody has the right freely to choose his nationality. It is prohibited to influence this choice in any way, just as is any form of pressure aimed at suppressing a person’s national identity.
… (Charter, Art. 3) - Czech
…
(2) Každý má právo svobodně rozhodovat o své národnosti. Zakazuje se jakékoli ovlivňování tohoto rozhodování a všechny způsoby nátlaku směřující k odnárodňování.
… (Listina, Čl. 3)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English(1) The death of a citizen of Eswatini shall not affect the citizenship of a surviving spouse or child or another dependant.(2) Loss of Eswatini citizenship by a person shall not of itself affect the citizenship of a spouse or child. (Sec. 52)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English1. The following persons shall, provided that they were born in Mozambique, be Mozambicans:
a. The children of a father or a mother who was born in Mozambique;
b. Children whose parents are stateless or of unknown nationality;
c. Those who were domiciled in Mozambique at the time of independence and did not choose any other nationality, expressly or tacitly.
2. The children of a Mozambican father or mother working for the Mozambican State outside the country shall be Mozambicans, even if born abroad.
3. The children of a Mozambican father or mother shall be Mozambican, even if born abroad, provided that they have expressly declared, either on their own behalf, if over eighteen years of age, or through their legal representatives, if younger, that they wish to be Mozambican. (Art. 23) - Portuguese1. São moçambicanos, desde que hajam nascido em Moçambique:
a) os filhos de pai ou mãe que tenham nascido em Moçambique;
b) os filhos de pais apátridas, de nacionalidade desconhecida ou incógnita;
c) os que tinham domicílio em Moçambique à data da independência e não tenham optado, expressa ou tacitamente, por outra nacionalidade.
2. São moçambicanos, ainda que nascidos em território estrangeiro, os filhos de pai ou mãe moçambicanos ao serviço do Estado fora do país.
3. São moçambicanos os filhos de pai ou mãe de nacionalidade moçambicana ainda que nascidos em território estrangeiro, desde que expressamente, sendo maiores de dezoito anos de idade, ou pelos seus representantes legais, se forem menores daquela idade, declararem que pretendem ser moçambicanos. (Art. 23)
Citizenship and Nationality
- EnglishThe citizenship is suspended, lost, and recovered in accordance with the provisions of the law. (Art. 148)
- SpanishLa ciudadanía se suspende, se pierde y se recobra de conformidad con lo que preceptúa la ley. (Art. 148)