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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Citizenship and Nationality
Myanmar
- EnglishAll persons who have either one of the following qualifications are citizens of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar:
(a) person born of parents both of whom are nationals of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar;
(b) person who is already a citizen according to law on the day this Constitution comes into operation. (Sec. 345) - Burmeseအောက်ဖော်ပြပါအရည်အချင်းတစ်ရပ်ရပ်နှင့် ပြည့်စုံသူများသည် ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတ မြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်၏ နိုင်ငံသားများဖြစ်ကြသည် -
(က) ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်၏ တိုင်းရင်းသားမိဘနှစ်ပါးမှ မွေးဖွားသူ၊
(ခ) ဤဖွဲ့စည်းပုံအခြေခံဥပဒေ အတည်ပြုပြဌာန်းသည့်နေ့တွင် ဥပဒေအရ နိုင်ငံသားဖြစ်သားဖြစ်ပြီးသူ။ (ပုဒ်မ-၃၄၅)
Citizenship and Nationality
Papua New Guinea
- English(1) Except as provided in Subsection (4), a person who has resided continuously in the country for at least eight years may apply to the Minister responsible for citizenship matters to be naturalized as a citizen, and the Minister may, if he is satisfied as to the matters referred to in Subsection (2), in his deliberate judgement (but subject to Division 4 (Citizenship Advisory Committee)), grant or refuse the application.
(2) To be eligible for naturalization, a person must-
(a) be of good character; and
(b) intend to reside permanently in the country; and
(c) unless prevented by physical or mental disability, speak and understand Pisin or Hiri Motu, or a vernacular of the country, sufficiently for normal conversational purposes; and
(d) have a respect for the customs and cultures of the country; and
(e) be unlikely to be or become a charge on public funds; and
(f) have a reasonable knowledge and understanding of the rights, privileges, responsibilities and duties of citizenship; and
(g) subject to Section 64, renounce, in such manner as is prescribed by or under an Act of the Parliament, any other citizenship and make the Declaration of Loyalty.
(3) If an applicant for naturalization so requests, any child of the applicant who is under voting age at the time when the applicant is naturalized becomes a citizen by naturalization on the naturalization of the applicant.
… (Sec. 67)
Citizenship and Nationality
Bolivia, Plurinational State of
- EnglishI. Bolivians who marry foreign citizens shall not lose their nationality of origin. Nor shall Bolivian nationality be lost by acquiring foreign citizenship.
II. Foreigners who acquire Bolivian nationality shall not be obligated to renounce their nationality of origin. (Art. 143) - SpanishI. Las bolivianas y los bolivianos que contraigan matrimonio con ciudadanas extranjeras o ciudadanos extranjeros no perderán su nacionalidad de origen. La nacionalidad boliviana tampoco se perderá por adquirir una ciudadanía extranjera.
II. Las extranjeras o los extranjeros que adquieran la nacionalidad boliviana no serán obligados a renunciar a su nacionalidad de origen. (Art. 143)
Citizenship and Nationality
Philippines
- EnglishCitizens of the Philippines who marry aliens shall retain their citizenship, unless by their act or omission, they are deemed, under the law, to have renounced it. (Art. IV, Sect. 4)
- FilipinoMananatiling angkin ang kanilang pagkamamamayan ng mga mamamayan ng Pilipinas na mag-asawa ng mga dayuhan, matangi kung sa kanilang kagagawan o pagkukulang, sila ay ituturing, sa ilalim ng batas, nagtakwil nito. (Art. IV, Seksyon 4)
Citizenship and Nationality
Vanuatu
- EnglishEvery person who on the Day of Independence is a person of ni-Vanuatu ancestry and has the nationality or citizenship of a foreign state or the status of an optant shall become a citizen of Vanuatu if he makes an application, or an application is made on his behalf by his parent or lawful guardian. (Art. 10)
- FrenchToute personne qui, à la date de l'Indépendance, est d'ascendance vanuatuane et a la nationalité ou la citoyenneté d'un État étranger, ou le statut d'optant, devient citoyen de Vanuatu si, elle en fait la demande, par elle-même ou par l’intermédiaire de ses parents ou de son tuteur légal. (Art. 10)
Citizenship and Nationality
Cuba
- EnglishA person is a Cuban citizen through naturalization if:
a. They are a foreigner that acquires citizenship according to the provisions of the law.
b. Having been arbitrarily deprived of their citizenship in their country of origin, they obtain Cuban citizenship at the discretion of the President of the Republic. (Art. 35) - SpanishSon ciudadanos cubanos por naturalización:
a) los extranjeros que adquieren la ciudadanía de acuerdo con lo establecido en la ley;
b) los que obtengan la ciudadanía cubana por decisión del Presidente de la República. (Art. 35)
Citizenship and Nationality
Syrian Arab Republic
- EnglishThe law shall regulate the Syrian Arab citizenship. (Art. 48)
- Arabicينظم القانون الجنسية العربية السورية. (المادّة 48)
Citizenship and Nationality
Cabo Verde
- EnglishThe National Assembly shall exclusively have power to legislate on the following matters:
a) Acquisition, loss and re-acquisition of nationality;
… (Art. 176) - PortugueseCompete exclusivamente à Assembleia Nacional fazer leis sobre as seguintes matérias:
a) Aquisição, perda e reaquisição da nacionalidade;
… (Art. 176)
Citizenship and Nationality
Liberia
- EnglishThe Legislature shall have the power:
…
h. to establish laws for citizenship, naturalization and residence;
… (Art. 34)
Citizenship and Nationality
El Salvador
- EnglishThe Salvadorans by birth have the right to enjoy the double or multiple nationality.
The quality of [being] Salvadoran by birth is only lost by an expressed renouncement before a competent authority and is recovered by petition before the same [authority]. (Art. 91) - SpanishLos salvadoreños por nacimiento tienen derecho a gozar de la doble o múltiple nacionalidad.
La calidad de salvadoreño por nacimiento sólo se pierde por renuncia expresa ante autoridad competente y se recupera por solicitud ante la misma. (Art. 91)