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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Citizenship and Nationality
Singapore
- English(1) Any citizen of Singapore of or over the age of 21 years and of sound mind who is also or is about to become a citizen of another country may renounce his citizenship of Singapore by declaration registered by the Government, and shall upon such registration cease to be a citizen of Singapore.
(2) The Government may withhold the registration of a declaration under this Article —
(a) if the declaration is made during any war in which Singapore is engaged; or
(b) if the declaration is made by a person subject to the Enlistment Act (Cap. 93) unless he has —
(i) discharged his liability for full-time service under section 12 of that Act;
(ii) rendered at least 3 years of operationally ready national service under section 13 of that Act in lieu of such full-time service; or
(iii) complied with such conditions as may be determined by the Government.
(3) This Article applies to a woman under the age of 21 years who has been married as it applies to a person of or over that age. (Art. 128)
Citizenship and Nationality
Uganda
- English1. Every person born in Uganda-
a. at the time of whose birth-
i. neither of his or her parents and none of his or her grandparents had diplomatic status in Uganda; and
ii. neither of his or her parents and none of his or her grandparents was a refugee in Uganda; and
b. who has lived continuously in Uganda since the ninth day of October, 1962, shall, on application, be entitled to be registered as a citizen of Uganda.
2. The following persons shall, upon application, be registered as citizens of Uganda-
a. every person married to a Uganda citizen upon proof of a legal and subsisting marriage of three years or such other period prescribed by Parliament;
b. every person who has legally and voluntarily migrated to and has been living in Uganda for at least ten years or such other period prescribed by Parliament;
c. every person who, on the commencement of this Constitution, has lived in Uganda for at least twenty years.
3. Paragraph (a) of clause (2) of this article applies also to a person who was married to a citizen of Uganda who, but for his or her death, would have continued to be a citizen of Uganda under this Constitution.
4. Where a person has been registered as a citizen of Uganda under paragraph (a) of clause (2) of this article and the marriage by virtue of which that person was registered is-
a. annulled or otherwise declared void by a court or tribunal of competent jurisdiction; or
b. dissolved,
that person shall, unless he or she renounces that citizenship, continue to be a citizen of Uganda. (Art. 12)
Citizenship and Nationality
Angola
- English1. Angolan nationality may be held by origin or acquired.
2. The child of a father or mother with Angolan nationality, born in Angola or abroad, shall be an Angolan citizen by origin.
3. A newborn child found in Angolan territory shall be presumed an Angolan citizen by origin.
4. No Angolan citizen by origin may be deprived of their original nationality.
5. The requirements for the acquisition, loss or re-acquisition of Angolan nationality shall be established by law. (Art. 9) - Portuguese1. A nacionalidade angolana pode ser originária ou adquirida.
2. É cidadão angolano de origem o filho de pai ou de mãe de nacionalidade angolana, nascido em Angola ou no estrangeiro.
3. Presume-se cidadão angolano de origem o recém-nascido achado em território angolano.
4. Nenhum cidadão angolano de origem pode ser privado da nacionalidade originária.
5. A lei estabelece os requisitos de aquisição, perda e reaquisição da nacionalidade angolana. (Art. 9)
Citizenship and Nationality
Paraguay
- EnglishThe law will establish the norms concerning the acquisition, recovery and options of nationality, as well as concerning the suspension of the citizenship.
… (Art. 154) - SpanishLa ley establecerá las normas sobre adquisición, recuperación y opción de la nacionalidad, así como sobre la suspensión de la ciudadanía.
… (Art. 154)
Citizenship and Nationality
United Arab Emirates
- EnglishThe citizens of the UAE shall have a single nationality specified by law and shall enjoy abroad the protection of the Federal Government in accordance with the generally-accepted international principles.
A citizen’s nationality may not be divested or withdrawn except as may be provided in law. (Art. 8) - Arabicيكون لمواطني الاتحاد جنسية واحدة يحددها القانون، ويتمتعون في الخارج بحماية حكومة الاتحاد وفقا للأصول الدولية المرعية
لا يجوز إسقاط الجنسية عن المواطن، أﻭ ﺳﺤﺒﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ، اﻻ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ اﻻﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ التي ينص عليها القانون (المادّة 8)
Citizenship and Nationality
Zimbabwe
- EnglishZimbabwean citizenship is not lost through marriage or the dissolution of marriage. (Sec. 40)
Citizenship and Nationality
Congo
- EnglishCongolese citizenship is guaranteed by the law. Any Congolese has the right to change nationality or to acquire a second [one]. (Art. 19)
- FrenchLa citoyenneté congolaise est garantie par la loi. Tout congolais a le droit de changer de nationalité ou d’en acquérir une seconde. (Art. 19)
Citizenship and Nationality
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- EnglishEvery person born in Saint Vincent after the commencement of this Constitution shall become a citizen at the date of his birth: Provided that a person shall not become a citizen by virtue of this section if at the time of his birth-
a. neither of his parents is a citizen of Saint Vincent and his father or mother possesses such immunity from suit and legal process as is accorded to the envoy of a foreign sovereign power accredited to Saint Vincent; or
b. his father is a citizen of a country with which Saint Vincent is at war and the birth occurs in a place then under occupation by that country. (Sec. 91)
Citizenship and Nationality
Bulgaria
- English(1) A Bulgarian citizen is anyone, at least one of whose parents is a Bulgarian citizen, or who has been born on the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria, should he not be entitled to any other citizenship by virtue of origin. Bulgarian citizenship shall further be acquirable through naturalization.
(2) A citizen of Bulgarian origin shall acquire Bulgarian citizenship through a facilitated procedure.
(3) No one shall be deprived of Bulgarian citizenship acquired by birth.
…
(6) The conditions and procedure for the acquiring, preservation or loss of Bulgarian citizenship shall be established by law. (Art. 25) - Bulgarian(1) Български гражданин е всеки, на когото поне единият родител е българскɢ гражданин или който е роден на територията на Република България, ако не придобива другɨ гражданство по произход. Българско гражданство може да се придобие и по натурализация.
(2) Лицата от български произход придобиват българско гражданство по облекчен реo.
(3) Български гражданин по рождение не може да бъде лишен от българско гражданство.
...
(6) Условията и редът за придобиване, запазване и загубване на българското гражданство сɟ определят със закон. (Чл. 25)
Citizenship and Nationality
Bahamas
- English1. Notwithstanding anything contained in Article 8 of this Constitution, a person born legitimately outside The Bahamas after 9th July 1973 whose mother is a citizen of The Bahamas shall be entitled, upon making application on his attaining the age of eighteen years and before he attains the age of twenty-one years, in such manner as may be prescribed, to be registered as a citizen of The Bahamas:
Provided that if he is a citizen of some country other than The Bahamas he shall not be entitled to be registered as a citizen of The Bahamas under this Article unless he renounces his citizenship of that other country, takes the oath of allegiance and makes and registers such declaration of his intentions concerning residence as may be prescribed.
2. Where a person cannot renounce his citizenship of some other country under the law of that country, he may instead make such declaration concerning that citizenship as may be prescribed.
3. Any application for registration under this Article shall be subject to such exceptions or qualifications as may be prescribed in the interests of national security or public policy. (Art. 9)