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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Citizenship and Nationality
Chile
- EnglishChilean nationality is lost:
1. By voluntary renouncement manifested before a competent Chilean authority. This renunciation will only produce effects if the person, previously, has been naturalized in a foreign country;
2. By supreme decree, in the case of the provision of services during a foreign war to enemies of Chile or to their allies;
3. By cancellation of naturalization papers; and
4. By [a] law which revokes the naturalization conceded by grant.
Those who have lost Chilean nationality for any of the causes established in this Article, can only be rehabilitated by law. (Art. 11) - SpanishLa nacionalidad chilena se pierde:
1º.- Por renuncia voluntaria manifestada ante autoridad chilena competente. Esta renuncia sólo producirá efectos si la persona, previamente, se ha nacionalizado en país extranjero;
2º.- Por decreto supremo, en caso de prestación de servicios durante una guerra exterior a enemigos de Chile o de sus aliados;
3º.- Por cancelación de la carta de nacionalización, y
4º.- Por ley que revoque la nacionalización concedida por gracia.
Los que hubieren perdido la nacionalidad chilena por cualquiera de las causales establecidas en este artículo, sólo podrán ser rehabilitados por ley. (Art. 11)
Citizenship and Nationality
Russian Federation
- EnglishThe Russian Federation shall have jurisdiction over:
…
c. ... citizenship in the Russian Federation,
... (Art. 71) - RussianВ ведении Российской Федерации находятся:
…
в) ... гражданство в Российской Федерации;
... (Статья 71)
Citizenship and Nationality
India
- EnglishCitizenship, naturalisation and aliens. (Seventh Schedule: List I – Union List, Art. 17)
- Hindiनागरिकता, समीकरण और विदेशी। (सातवीं अनुसूची: सूची I – संघ सूची, अनुच्छेद 17)
Citizenship and Nationality
Dominica
- EnglishA person born outside Dominica after the commencement of this Constitution shall become a citizen of Dominica at the date of his birth if, at that date, his father or mother is a citizen of Dominica by virtue of the provisions of subsection (1) or (2) of section 97 or section 98 of this Constitution. (Sec. 99)
Citizenship and Nationality
Australia
- EnglishThe Parliament shall, subject to this Constitution, have power to make laws for the peace, order, and good government of the Commonwealth with respect to:
…
(xix) naturalization and aliens;
… (Sec. 51)
Citizenship and Nationality
Mauritius
- English1. Any person who, on 12 March 1968, was or had been married to another person –
a. who became a citizen of Mauritius by virtue of section 202; or
b. who, having died before 12 March 1968 would, but for his death, have become a citizen of Mauritius by virtue of section 20,
shall be entitled, upon making application and, if he is a British protected person or an alien, upon taking the oath of allegiance, to be registered as a citizen of Mauritius:
Provided that, in the case of any person who, on 12 March 1968 was not a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies, the right to be registered as a citizen of Mauritius under this section shall be subject to such exceptions or qualifications as may be prescribed in the interest of national security or public policy.
2. Any application for registration under this section shall be made in such manner as may be prescribed as respects that application. (Sec. 21)
Citizenship and Nationality
Lao People’s Democratic Republic
- English
The government has the following rights and duties:
…
10. To approve the granting or revoking nationality, discard nationality, or returning of a Lao nationality;
… (Art. 70) - Lao
ລັດຖະບານ ມີ ສິດ ແລະ ໜ້າທີ ດັ່ງນີ້:
…
10. ຕົກລົງ ໃຫ້ ສັນຊາດ, ຖອນສັນຊາດ, ປະສັນຊາດ, ໃຫ້ສັນຊາດລາວຄືນ;
… (ມາດຕາ. 70) (ປັບປຸງ)
Citizenship and Nationality
Grenada
- EnglishA person born outside Grenada on or after 7th February 1974 shall become a citizen of Grenada at the date of his birth if, at that date, his father or his mother is a citizen of Grenada otherwise than by virtue of this section or section 94(3) of this Constitution. (Sec. 97)
Citizenship and Nationality
Micronesia, Federated States of
- EnglishA citizen of the Federated States of Micronesia who is recognized as a citizen of another nation shall, within 3 years of his 18th birthday, or within 3 years of the effective date of this Constitution, whichever is later, register his intent to remain a citizen of the Federated States and renounce his citizenship of another nation. If he fails to comply with this Section, he becomes a national of the Federated States of Micronesia. (Art. III, Sec. 3)
Citizenship and Nationality
Namibia
- English(1) The following persons shall be citizens of Namibia by birth:
(a) those born in Namibia before the date of Independence whose fathers or mothers would have been Namibian citizens at the time of the birth of such persons, if this Constitution had been in force at that time; and
(b) those born in Namibia before the date of Independence, who are not Namibian citizens under Sub-Article (a) hereof, and whose fathers or mothers were ordinarily resident in Namibia at the time of the birth of such persons: provided that their fathers or mothers were not then persons:
(aa) who were enjoying diplomatic immunity in Namibia under any law relating to diplomatic privileges; or
(bb) who were career representatives of another country; or
(cc) who were members of any police, military or security unit seconded for service within Namibia by the Government of another country: provided further that this Sub-Article shall not apply to persons claiming citizenship of Namibia by birth if such persons were ordinarily resident in Namibia at the date of Independence and had been so resident for a continuous period of not less than five (5) years prior to such date, or if the fathers or mothers of such persons claiming citizenship were ordinarily resident in Namibia at the date of the birth of such persons and had been so resident for a continuous period of not less than five (5) years prior to such date;
(c) those born in Namibia after the date of Independence whose fathers or mothers are Namibian citizens at the time of the birth of such persons;
(d) those born in Namibia after the date of Independence who do not qualify for citizenship under Sub-Article (c) hereof, and whose fathers or mothers are ordinarily resident in Namibia at the time of the birth of such persons: provided that their fathers or mothers are not then persons:
(aa) enjoying diplomatic immunity in Namibia under any law relating to diplomatic privileges; or
(bb) who are career representatives of another country; or
(cc) who are members of any police, military or security unit seconded for service within Namibia by the Government of another country; or
(dd) who are illegal immigrants:
provided further that Sub-Articles (aa), (bb), (cc) and (dd) hereof will not apply to children who would otherwise be stateless.
(2) The following persons shall be citizens of Namibia by descent:
(a) those who are not Namibian citizens under Sub-Article (1) hereof and whose fathers or mothers at the time of the birth of such persons are citizens of Namibia or whose fathers or mothers would have qualified for Namibian citizenship by birth under Sub-Article (1) hereof, if this Constitution had been in force at that time; and
(b) who comply with such requirements as to registration of citizenship as may be required by Act of Parliament: provided that nothing in this Constitution shall preclude Parliament from enacting legislation which requires the birth of such persons born after the date of Independence to be registered within a specific time either in Namibia or at an embassy, consulate or office of a trade representative of the Government of Namibia.
(3) The following persons shall be citizens of Namibia by marriage:
(a) those who are not Namibian citizens under Sub-Article (1) or (2) hereof and who:
(aa) in good faith marry a Namibian citizen or, prior to the coming into force of this Constitution, in good faith married a person who would have qualified for Namibian citizenship if this Constitution had been in force; and
(bb) subsequent to such marriage have ordinarily resided in Namibia as the spouse of such person for a period of not less than ten (10) years; and
(cc) apply to become citizens of Namibia;
(b) for the purposes of this Sub-Article (and without derogating from any effect that it may have for any other purposes) a marriage by customary law shall be deemed to be a marriage: provided that nothing in this Constitution shall preclude Parliament from enacting legislation which defines the requirements which need to be satisfied for a marriage by customary law to be recognised as such for the purposes of this Sub-Article.
…
(5) Citizenship by naturalisation may be applied for by persons who are not Namibian citizens
…
(7) Namibian citizenship shall be lost by persons who renounce their Namibian citizenship by voluntarily signing a formal declaration to that effect.
(8) Nothing in this Constitution shall preclude Parliament from enacting legislation providing for the loss of Namibian citizenship by persons who, after the date of Independence:
(a) have acquired the citizenship of any other country by any voluntary act; or
(b) have served or volunteered to serve in the armed or security forces of any other country without the written permission of the Namibian Government; or
(c) have taken up permanent residence in any other country and have absented themselves thereafter from Namibia for a period in excess of two (2) years without the written permission of the Namibian Government:
provided that no person who is a citizen of Namibia by birth or descent may be deprived of Namibian citizenship by such legislation.
(9) Parliament shall be entitled to make further laws not inconsistent with this Constitution regulating the acquisition or loss of Namibian citizenship. (Art. 4)