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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Citizenship and Nationality
Antigua and Barbuda
- EnglishThe following persons shall become citizens at the date of their birth on or after 1st November 1981-
a. every person born in Antigua and Barbuda:
Provided that a person shall not become a citizen by virtue of this paragraph if at the time of his birth
i. neither of his parents is a citizen and either of them possess such immunity from suit and legal process as is accorded to the envoy of a foreign sovereign power accredited to Antigua and Barbuda; or
ii. either of his parents is a citizen of a country with which Her Majesty is at war and the birth occurs in a place then under occupation by that country;
b. every person born outside Antigua and Barbuda if at the date of his birth either of his parents is or would have been but for that parent's death, a citizen by virtue of section 112 of this Constitution or paragraph (a) of this section;
c. every person born outside Antigua and Barbuda if at the date of his birth either of his parents is, or would have been but for that parent's death, a citizen employed in service under the Government or under an authority of the Government that requires him or her to reside outside Antigua and Barbuda for the proper discharge of his or her functions. (Sec. 113)
Citizenship and Nationality
Germany
- English(1) No German may be deprived of his citizenship. Citizenship may be lost only pursuant to a law, and against the will of the person affected only if he does not become stateless as a result.
… (Art. 16) - German(1) Die deutsche Staatsangehörigkeit darf nicht entzogen werden. Der Verlust der Staatsangehörigkeit darf nur auf Grund eines Gesetzes und gegen den Willen des Betroffenen nur dann eintreten, wenn der Betroffene dadurch nicht staatenlos wird.
… (Art. 16)
Citizenship and Nationality
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- English(1) In this Chapter-
…
"father" in relation to a child born out of wedlock and not legitimated includes a person who acknowledges and can show that he is the father of the child.
… (Sec. 95)
Citizenship and Nationality
Gambia
- EnglishEvery person who, immediately before the coming into force of this Constitution, is a citizen of The Gambia, shall, subject to this Constitution—
(a) continue to be a citizen of The Gambia;
(b) retain the same status as a citizen by birth, by descent, by registration or by naturalisation, as the case may be, as he or she enjoyed immediately before the coming into force of this Constitution. (Sec. 8)
Citizenship and Nationality
Bahamas
- English1. Any reference in this Chapter to the father of a person shall, in relation to any person born out of wedlock other than a person legitimated before 10th July 1973, be construed as a reference to the mother of that person.
… (Art. 14)
Citizenship and Nationality
Malta
- English(1) The acquisition, possession, renunciation and loss of Maltese citizenship shall be regulated by law.
(2) Dual or multiple citizenship is permitted in accordance with any law for the time being in force in Malta. (Art. 22) - Maltese(1) Il-ksib, il-pussess, ir-rinunzja u t-telfien taċ-ċittadinanza Maltija għandhom jiġu regolati bil-liġi.
(2) Iċ-ċittadinanza doppja jew multipla hija permessa skont liġi li f’dak iż-żmien tkun fis-seħħ f’Malta. (Art. 22)
Citizenship and Nationality
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
- EnglishVenezuelans by birth cannot be deprived of their nationality. The Venezuelan nationality by naturalization can be revoked only by a judgment handed down by a court in accordance with law. (Art. 35)
- SpanishLos venezolanos y venezolanas por nacimiento no podrán ser privados o privadas de su nacionalidad. La nacionalidad venezolana por naturalización sólo podrá ser revocada mediante sentencia judicial, de acuerdo con la ley. (Art. 35)
Citizenship and Nationality
Kenya
- English(1) A person is a citizen by birth if on the day of the person’s birth, whether or not the person is born in Kenya, either the mother or father of the person is a citizen.
(2) Clause (1) applies equally to a person born before the effective date, whether or not the person was born in Kenya, if either the mother or father of the person is or was a citizen.
(3) Parliament may enact legislation limiting the effect of clauses (1) and (2) on the descendents of Kenyan citizens who are born outside Kenya.
(4) A child found in Kenya who is, or appears to be, less than eight years of age, and whose nationality and parents are not known, is presumed to be a citizen by birth.
(5) A person who is a Kenyan citizen by birth and who has ceased to be a Kenyan citizen because the person acquired citizenship of another country, is entitled on application to regain Kenyan citizenship. (Art. 14) - Swahili(1) Mtu ni raia kwa kuzaliwa ikiwa siku ya kuzaliwa mtu huyo, iwe mtu huyo amezaliwa Kenya au la, mama au baba wa mtu huyo ni raia.
(2) Ibara ya (1) inatumika sawa kwa mtu aliyezaliwa kabla ya tarehe ya utekelezaji, iwe mtu huyo alizaliwa Kenya au la, ikiwa mama au baba wa mtu huyo ni raia au alikuwa raia.
(3) Bunge linaweza kutunga sheria ili kuweka mipaka ya taathira ya ibara ya (1) na ya (2) kwa vizazi vya raia wa Kenya ambao wamezaliwa nje ya Kenya.
(4) Mtoto aliyepatikana nchini Kenya ambaye, au anaonekana kuwa na umri chini ya miaka minane, na ambaye utaifa na wazazi hawajulikani, anachukuliwa kuwa ni raia kwa kuzaliwa.
(5) Mtu ambaye ni raia wa Kenya kwa kuzaliwa na ameacha kuwa raia wa Kenya kwa sababu mtu huyo alipata uraia wa nchi nyingine, ana haki ya kutuma maombi ya kupata uraia wa Kenya. (Kifungu cha 14)
Citizenship and Nationality
Bolivia, Plurinational State of
- EnglishI. Foreigners may acquire Bolivian nationality by naturalization if they are legally in the country for more than three years of uninterrupted residence under the supervision of the State, and they expressly manifest their desire to obtain Bolivian nationality and comply with the requisites established by law.
II. The time of residence shall be reduced to two years in the case of foreigners who are in one of the following situations:
1. They have a Bolivian spouse, a Bolivian child or children, or Bolivian adoptive parents. Foreign citizens who acquire citizenship by marriage with Bolivian citizens do not lose it in the case of widowhood or divorce.
… (Art. 142) - SpanishI. Podrán adquirir la nacionalidad boliviana por naturalización las extranjeras y los extranjeros en situación legal, con más de tres años de residencia ininterrumpida en el país bajo supervisión del Estado, que manifiesten expresamente su voluntad de obtener la nacionalidad boliviana y cumplan con los requisitos establecidos en la ley.
II. El tiempo de residencia se reducirá a dos años en el caso de extranjeras y extranjeros que se encuentren en una de las situaciones siguientes:
1. Que tengan cónyuge boliviana o boliviano, hijas bolivianas o hijos bolivianos o padres sustitutos bolivianos. Las ciudadanas extranjeras o los ciudadanos extranjeros que adquieran la ciudadanía por matrimonio con ciudadanas bolivianas o ciudadanos bolivianos no la perderán en caso de viudez o divorcio.
… (Art. 142)
Citizenship and Nationality
Russian Federation
- EnglishThe Russian Federation shall have jurisdiction over:
…
c. ... citizenship in the Russian Federation,
... (Art. 71) - RussianВ ведении Российской Федерации находятся:
…
в) ... гражданство в Российской Федерации;
... (Статья 71)