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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Citizenship and Nationality
Iraq
- EnglishThe federal government shall have exclusive authorities in the following matters:
…
Fifth: Regulating issues of citizenship, naturalization, … (Art. 110) - Arabicتختص السلطات الاتحادية بالاختصاصات الحصرية الآتية:
…
خامساً :ـ تنظيم امور الجنسية والتجنس
… (المادة 110)
Citizenship and Nationality
Kiribati
- EnglishEvery woman who, having been married to a person who becomes, or would become, or would but for his death or renunciation of his citizenship of the United Kingdom and Colonies have become, a citizen of Kiribati by virtue of section 20 or 21 of this Constitution, acquired the status of citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies, automatically or by registration, on the grounds of that marriage and who possesses that status on the day prior to Independence Day, shall become a citizen of Kiribati on Independence Day. (Sec. 22)
Citizenship and Nationality
Seychelles
- EnglishA person who, immediately before the coming into force of this Constitution, was a citizen of Seychelles by birth, descent, naturalization or registration shall, on and after that date, continue by virtue of this article to be a citizen of Seychelles by birth, descent, naturalization or registration, as the case may be. (Art. 7)
Citizenship and Nationality
Jamaica
- English1. Any man or woman who, on the fifth day of August 1962 is or had been married to a person-
a. who becomes a citizen of Jamaica by virtue of section 3 of this Constitution; or
b. who, having died before the sixth day of August 1962 would, but for that person’s death, have become a citizen of Jamaica by virtue of that section,
shall be entitled, upon making application in such manner as may be prescribed and, if he or she is a British protected person or an alien, upon taking the oath of allegiance, to be registered as a citizen of Jamaica.
2. Any person who, on the fifth day of August 1962 is a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies-
a. having become such a citizen under the British Nationality Act, 1948 by virtue of his having been naturalised in the former Colony of Jamaica as a British subject, before that Act came into force; or
b. having become such a citizen by virtue of his having been naturalised or registered in the former Colony of Jamaica under that Act,
shall be entitled, upon making application before the sixth day of August 1964, in such manner as may be prescribed, to be registered as a citizen of Jamaica:
Provided that a person who has not attained the age of twenty-one years (other than a woman who is or has been married) may not make an application under this subsection himself but an application may be made on his behalf by his parent or guardian.
3. Any man or woman who on the fifth day of August 1962 is or has been married to a person who subsequently becomes a citizen of Jamaica by registration under subsection (2) of this section shall be entitled, upon making application in such manner as may be prescribed and, if he or she is a British protected person or an alien, upon taking the oath of allegiance to be registered as a citizen of Jamaica. (Sec. 4)
Citizenship and Nationality
Malaysia
- English(1) Any citizen of or over the age of twenty-one years and of sound mind who is also or is about to become a citizen of another country may renounce his citizenship of the Federation by declaration registered by the Federal Government, and shall thereupon cease to be a citizen.
(2) A declaration made under this Article during any war in which the Federation is engaged shall not be registered except with the approval of the Federal Government.
(3) This Article applies to a woman under the age of twenty-one years who has been married as it applies to a person of or over that age. (Art. 23) - Malay(1) Mana-mana warganegara yang berumur dua puluh satu tahun atau lebih dan yang sempurna akal yang juga ialah seorang warganegara negara lain atau yang hampir menjadi seorang warganegara negara lain boleh melepaskan kewarganegaraannya bagi Persekutuan melalui akuan yang didaftarkan oleh Kerajaan Persekutuan, dan hendaklah sesudah itu terhenti menjadi warganegara.
(2) Akuan yang dibuat di bawah Perkara ini dalam masa apa-apa peperangan yang dalamnya Persekutuan terlibat tidaklah boleh didaftarkan kecuali dengan kelulusan Kerajaan Persekutuan.
(3) Perkara ini terpakai bagi seseorang perempuan yang di bawah umur dua puluh satu tahun yang telah berkahwin sebagaimana Perkara ini terpakai bagi seseorang yang berumur dua puluh satu tahun atau lebih. (Perkara 23)
Citizenship and Nationality
Nauru
- EnglishA person born in Nauru on or after the thirty-first day of January One thousand nine hundred and sixty-eight, if at the date of his birth he would not have the nationality of any country, an application may be made to Cabinet for citizenship. It shall be the prerogative of Cabinet as to whether citizenship is granted or not. (Art. 73)
Citizenship and Nationality
Sudan
- EnglishThe essential issues for peace negotiations include the following:
…
e. Equal citizenship;
… (Art 68) - Arabicتشمل القضاية الجوهرية لمفاوضات السلام الأتي:
....د. المواطنة المتساوية
(الماده 69)
Citizenship and Nationality
Panama
- EnglishThe following are Panamanian by birth:
1. Those born in the National territory;
2. The offspring of parents who are Panamanian by birth, born outside the territory of the Republic, provided they establish their domicile in the National territory;
3. The offspring of parents who are Panamanian by naturalization, born outside the territory of the Republic, provided they establish their domicile in the Republic of Panama and state their desire to elect Panamanian citizenship, not later than one year after reaching legal age. (Art. 9) - SpanishSon panameños por nacimiento:
1. Los nacidos en el territorio nacional.
2. Los hijos de padre o madre panameños por nacimiento nacidos fuera del territorio de la República, si aquellos establecen su domicilio en el territorio nacional.
3. Los hijos de padre o madre panameños por naturalización nacidos fuera del territorio nacional, si aquellos establecen su domicilio en la República de Panamá y manifiestan su voluntad de acogerse a la nacionalidad panameña a más tardar un año después de su mayoría de edad. (Art. 9)
Citizenship and Nationality
Nepal
- EnglishOther matters relating to the acquisition, reacquisition and termination of citizenship shall be as provided for in the Federal law. (Art. 13)
- Nepaliनागरिकताको प्राप्ति, पुनःप्राप्ति र समाप्ति सम्बन्धी अन्य व्यवस्था संघीय कानून बमोजिम हुनेछ । (धारा १३)
Citizenship and Nationality
Solomon Islands
- English(1) (a) Every person who is immediately before Independence Day an indigenous Solomon Islander shall become a citizen of Solomon Islands on Independence Day.
(b) Every person who was born in Solomon Islands before Independence Day and who has or had two grandparents who are or were members of a group, tribe or line indigenous to Papua New Guinea or the New Hebrides shall become a citizen of Solomon Islands on Independence Day.
(2) Every person who before Independence Day has made, or been included in, an application to the Government for citizenship of Solomon Islands containing the information specified in subsection (4) of this section and who at the time of making such application possessed any of the qualifications specified in subsection (3) of this section shall become a citizen of Solomon Islands on Independence Day.
(3) The qualifications referred to in subsection (2) of this section and subsection (1) of the next following section are that the person concerned, not being an indigenous Solomon Islander, is -
(a) a woman married to an indigenous Solomon Islander; or
(b) a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies or a British protected person who was born in Solomon Islands; or
(c) a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies or a British protected person having acquired such status under the British Nationality Acts 1948 to 1965(a) by virtue of his having been naturalised or registered under those Acts, or naturalised as a British subject before 1949, by the Governor of the former protectorate of the Solomon Islands; or
(d) a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies or a British protected person whose father possesses, or at his death possessed, one of the qualifications specified in paragraph (b) or (c) or (d) of this subsection; or
(e) a woman who has been married to a person who possesses, or at his death possesses, one of the qualifications specified in paragraph (b), (c) or (d) of this section; or(f) a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies or a British protected person who was deemed to belong to Solomon Islands because such person -
(i) has lawfully resided in Solomon Islands for any period of seven years during which he has not been absent therefrom for a period or periods amounting in all to more than eighteen months and since the completion of such period of residence has not been ordinarily resident continuously for a period of two years or more in any other territory within the Commonwealth in circumstances in which he has acquired or retained a right of residence in that territory; or
(ii) is the wife of a person to whom the foregoing subparagraph applies not living apart from such person under a decree of a court or a deed of separation; or
(iii) is the Child, step-child or child adopted in a manner recognised by law under the age of eighteen years of a person to whom either of the foregoing subparagraphs applies.
(4) The information required to be contained in an application for the purposes of this section and the next following section is as follows -
(a) the name, date and place of birth (so far as is known) of the applicant, of any other person included in the application or of a minor on whose behalf the application is made, together with, where applicable, the date of naturalisation or registration;
(b) a statement by the applicant whether or not he is including in his application his wife and minor children, if any, and in the case of an application including a wife, a statement by her that she consents to her inclusion in the application;
(c) if the applicant is applying on grounds that his father was born, naturalised or registration in Solomon Islands, also the father's name, place and date of birth (so far as is known) and, if relevant, the date of the father's naturalisation or registration;
(d) if the application is made by or on behalf of a woman on grounds of marriage to a man who, or whose father, was born, naturalised or registered in Solomon Islands, also the name, place and date of birth (so far as is known) and, if relevant, the date of naturalisation or registration of the man and, if necessary, his father;
(e) a statement by the applicant that, if he is resident in Solomon Islands at the time of making application, he intends to continue such residence, or that, if he is not so resident at that time, he regards Solomon Islands as his home country;
(f) a declaration by the applicant of his allegiance to Solomon Islands and his respect for the culture, the language and the way of life of Solomon Islands; and
(g) a statement by the applicant that he intends to renounce any other nationality that he may hold at the time of making application.
... (Sec. 20)