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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishAll of the judges of the Republic, within their respective spheres of competence and in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution and law, are obligated to ensure the integrity of the Constitution.
In the event of incompatibility between the Constitution and a law or other juridical provision, the provisions of the Constitution shall prevail, being the responsibility of the courts to rule accordingly in any case, even ex officio.
The Constitutional Division of the Supreme Tribunal of Justice, as court of constitutional competence, shall have the exclusive power to declare the nullity of laws and other acts of organs exercising Public Power which are issued by way of direct and immediate implementation of the Constitution or have the status of law. (Art. 334) - SpanishTodos los jueces o juezas de la República, en el ámbito de sus competencias y conforme a lo previsto en esta Constitución y en la ley, están en la obligación de asegurar la integridad de esta Constitución.
En caso de incompatibilidad entre esta Constitución y una ley u otra norma jurídica, se aplicarán las disposiciones constitucionales, correspondiendo a los tribunales en cualquier causa, aún de oficio, decidir lo conducente.
Corresponde exclusivamente a la Sala Constitucional del Tribunal Supremo de Justicia como jurisdicción constitucional, declarar la nulidad de las leyes y demás actos de los órganos que ejercen el Poder Público dictados en ejecución directa e inmediata de la Constitución o que tengan rango de ley, cuando colidan con aquella. (Art. 334)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Federal Supreme Court has the following powers:
1. Decide on different disputes among the member Emirates of the UAE, or between any one or more Emirates and the federal government in case that the dispute is remitted to the Court upon the request of any of the concerned parties.
2. Consider the constitutionality of a federal law if it is challenged by one or more Emirates on the grounds that it is in conflict with the Constitution of the UAE. The Court also has the power to consider the constitutionality of a legislation enacted by an Emirate if it is challenged by a federal authority on the grounds that it is in conflict with the Constitution of the UAE or the federal laws.
3. Consider the constitutionality of laws, legislations and regulations in general if it is so requested by any court in the country while hearing a relevant case. The concerned court shall comply with the decision of the Federal Supreme Court rendered in this connection.
4. Interpret the provisions of the Constitution, if it is so requested by any federal authority or by the Government of any Emirate. Any such interpretation is binding on everyone.
5. Call into account the ministers and senior officials of the UAE appointed by decree for their actions while performing their official duties upon the request of the Supreme Council and in accordance with the relevant law.
6. Decide on the crimes which directly affect the interests of the UAE, such as the crimes relating to the UAE’s internal or external security, forgery of the official records or seals of a federal authority, and counterfeiting of currency.
7. Hear the cases of conflict of jurisdiction between a federal court and a local court in an Emirate.
8. Hear the cases of conflict of jurisdiction between a court in an Emirate and a court in another Emirate. The rules governing these cases are regulated by a federal law.
9. Any other powers provided in the Constitution or which may be conferred upon the Federal Supreme Court by a federal law. (Art. 99) - Arabicتختص المحكمة الاتحادية العليا بالفصل في الأمور التالية:
1. المنازعات المختلفة بين الامارات الأعضاء في الاتحاد ، أو بين أية أمارة أو أكثر وبين حكومة الاتحاد ، متى أحيلت هذه المنازعات الى المحكمة بناء على طلب أي طرف من الأطراف المعنية
.2. بحث دستورية القوانين الاتحادية ، اذا ما طعن فيها من قبل امارة أو أكثر لمخالفتها لدستور الاتحاد. وبحث دستورية التشريعات الصادرة عن احدى الامارات ، اذا ما طعن فيها من قبل احدى السلطات الاتحادية ، لمخالفتها لدستور الاتحاد ، أو للقوانين الاتحادية
.3. بحث دستورية القوانين والتشريعات واللوائح عموما ، اذا ما أحيل اليها هذا الطلب من أية محكمة من محاكم البلاد أثناء دعوى منظورة أمامها وعلى المحكمة المذكورة أن تلتزم بقرار المحكمة الاتحادية العليا الصادر بهذا الصدد
.4. تفسير أحكام الدستور اذا ما طلبت اليها ذلك احدى سلطات الاتحاد ، أو حكومة احدى الامارات . ويعتبر هذا التفسير ملزما للكافة
.5. مساءلة الوزراء ، وكبار موظفي الاتحاد المعينين بمرسوم ، عما يقع منهم من أفعال في أداء وظائفهم الرسمية بناء على طلب المجلس الأعلى ووفقا للقانون الخاص بذلك
.6. الجرائم التي لها مساس مباشر بمصالح الاتحاد ، كالجرائم المتعلقة بأمنه في الداخل أو الخارج ، وجرائم تزوير المحررات أو الأختام الرسمية لاحدى السلطات الاتحادية ، وجرائم تزييف العملة
.7. تنازع الاختصاص بين القضاء الاتحادي والهيئات القضائية المحلية في الامارات
.8. تنازع الاختصاص بين هيئة قضائية في امارة وهيئة قضائية في امارة اخرى وتنظم القواعد الخاصة بذلك بقانون اتحادي
.9. أية اختصاصات أخرى منصوص عليها في هذا الدستور أو يمكن أن تحال اليها بموجب قانون اتحادي. (المادّة 99)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
The President of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall:
...
10-1) in the interests of protecting the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, ensuring national security, sovereignty and integrity of the state, sends an appeal to the Constitutional Court on consideration of the law or other legal act that has entered into force for compliance with the Constitution of the Republic, on giving an opinion in the case provided for in paragraph 3 of article 91 of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan;
... (Art. 44) - Kazak
Қазақстан Республикасының Президенті:
...
10-1) адамның және азаматтың құқықтары мен бостандықтарын қорғау, мемлекеттің ұлттық қауіпсіздігін, егемендігі мен тұтастығын қамтамасыз ету мүддесінде, күшіне енген заңды немесе өзге де құқықтық актіні Республика Конституциясына сәйкестігіне қарау туралы, Қазақстан Республикасы Конституциясының 91-бабының 3-тармағында көзделген жағдайда қорытынды беру туралы Конституциялық Сотқа өтініш жолдайды;
... (44-бап)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English(1) The Constitutional Court shall have the following exclusive powers:
(a) Upon request from a member of the Council of Ministers, a committee from either one of the Houses, or ten members of either House of the Federal Parliament, to review draft legislation, and determine its compatibility with the Constitution;
(b) To hear and decide cases as stipulated in Article 86 concerning challenges to the constitutionality of a law passed by the Federal Parliament;
(c) To hear and decide on cases that have been submitted to the Constitutional court resulting from matters stated in Article 109 (2) (c), concerning matters of interpretation of the Constitution not arising out of Court litigation;
(d) To resolve any disputes between the Federal Government and the Federal Member State governments, or among the Federal Member State governments;
(e) To hear and decide cases arising out of disputes between organs of the Federal Government, concerning their respective constitutional powers and duties;
(f) To hear and decide cases arising in terms of Article 92 concerning the impeachment trials of the President.
… (Art. 109C) - Somali(1) Maxkamadda Dastuurku waay yeelaneysaa awoodahan u garrka ah:
(a) Marka uu codsi ka yimaaddo Xubin ka Mid ah Golaha Wasiirada, Guddi ka tirsan aqalada Baarlamaanka midkood, ama toban Xubnood oo ka mid ah Aqalada midkood,in ay Maxkamaddu qiimeyso qoraalka sharci la sameynayo, ayna go’aansato in sharcigaasi waafaqsan yahay Dastuurka;
(b) In Maxkamaddu dhegeysato go’aanna ka gaadho kiis ka soo unkamay sida ku cad Qodobka 86aad,oo la xidhiidha muran ka dhashay sida xeer uu u waafaqsan yahay dastuurka;
(c) In maxkamaddu dhegeysato, go’aanna ka gaadho kiis ka soo unkamay sida ku cad faqradda Qodobeedka 109(2)(c) kaasoo khuseeya in dhinac uu hor keenay maxkamad dood kiis macquul ah, kiiskaana loo gudbiyay Maxkamadda Dastuurka si ay go’aan uga gaadho.)
(d) In ay go’aamiso khilaafyada u dhexeeya dawladda federaalka ah iyo dawlad goboleedyada xubinta ka ah dawladda federaalka ah iyo Dawlad goboleedyada federaalka dhexdooda.
(e) In ay dhegeysato, go’aana ka gaadho Khilaafyada ka dhexeeya waaxaha Dawladda federaalka ah ee la xidhiidha awoodaha dastuuriga ah iyo waajibaadka ay kala leeyihiin; iyo
(f) In ay dhegesato, go’aana ka gaadho Marka la eego Qodobka 92aad (oo la xidhiidha kiisaska denbiyada dastuur ee Madaxweynaha lagu soo oogo ee xil ka qaadista keeni kara
… (Qodobka 109C.)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English(1) His Majesty the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan may refer any question involving, arising from, relating to, or in connection with, the meaning, interpretation, purpose, construction, ambit or effect of any of the provisions of this Constitution to the Interpretation Tribunal established in accordance with Clause (7) for its determination.
(2) When any such question arises in any legal proceedings before any court, His Majesty the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan may direct that court to refer such question to the Interpretation Tribunal or that court shall refer such question to His Majesty the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan, with a submission that His Majesty the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan should refer that question to the Interpretation Tribunal, and upon receiving such reference His Majesty the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan may refer such question to the Interpretation Tribunal:
Provided that the court shall not refer such question which has already been decided by the Interpretation Tribunal.
(3) If His Majesty the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan does not refer such question to the Interpretation Tribunal, he shall cause the court by whom the reference thereof was made to be so informed, and the court shall thereupon proceed with the determination of the legal proceedings before it.
… (Sec. 86) - Malay(1) Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan dan Yang Di-Pertuan boleh merujukkan apa jua perkara yang melibatkan, berbangkit dari, berkenaan dengan, atau berhubung dengan, makna, tafsiran, tujuan, pengertian, bidang atau kesan mana-mana peruntukan Perlembagaan ini kepada Tribunal Tafsiran yang ditubuhkan menurut Fasal (7) untuk diputuskan olehnya.
(2) Apabila sebarang perkara sedemikian timbul dalam mana-mana perbicaraan undang-undang di hadapan mana-mana mahkamah, Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan dan Yang Di-Pertuan boleh mengarahkan supaya mahkamah itu merujukkan perkara tersebut kepada Tribunal Tafsiran atau mahkamah itu hendaklah merujukkan perkara tersebut ke hadapan majlis Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan dan Yang Di-Pertuan, dengan suatu penghujahan bahawa Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan dan Yang Di-Pertuan hendaklah merujukkan perkara tersebut kepada Tribunal Tafsiran, dan setelah menerima rujukan tersebut Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan dan Yang Di-Pertuan boleh merujukkan perkara itu kepada Tribunal Tafsiran:
Dengan syarat bahawa mahkamah itu tidak boleh merujukkan perkara tersebut kepada Tribunal Tafsiran, sekiranya perkara tersebut telah pun diputuskan oleh Tribunal Tafsiran.
(3) Jika Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan dan Yang Di-Pertuan tidak merujukkan perkara tersebut kepada Tribunal Tafsiran, maka Baginda hendaklah menyebabkan mahkamah yang membuat rujukan mengenai perkara tersebut diberitahu, dan mahkamah itu hendaklah meneruskan perbicaraan di hadapannya.
… (Sec. 86)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English...
(3) The Constitutional Court-
(a) is the highest court of the Republic; and
(b) may decide -
(i) constitutional matters; and
(ii) any other matter, if the Constitutional Court grants leave to appeal on the grounds that the matter raises an arguable point of law of general public importance which ought to be considered by that Court; and
(c) makes the final decision whether a matter is within its jurisdiction.
(4) Only the Constitutional Court may -
(a) decide disputes between organs of state in the national or provincial sphere concerning the constitutional status, powers or functions of any of those organs of state;
(b) decide on the constitutionality of any parliamentary or provincial Bill, but may do so only in the circumstances anticipated in section 79 or 121;
(c) decide applications envisaged in section 80 or 122;
(d) decide on the constitutionality of any amendment to the Constitution;
(e) decide that Parliament or the President has failed to fulfil a constitutional obligation; or
(f) certify a provincial constitution in terms of section 144.
(5) The Constitutional Court makes the final decision whether an Act of Parliament, a provincial Act or conduct of the President is constitutional, and must confirm any order of invalidity made by the Supreme Court of Appeal, the High Court of South Africa, or a court of similar status, before that order has any force.
(6) National legislation or the rules of the Constitutional Court must allow a person, when it is in the interests of justice and with leave of the Constitutional Court—
(a) to bring a matter directly to the Constitutional Court; or
(b) to appeal directly to the Constitutional Court from any other court.
(7) A constitutional matter includes any issue involving the interpretation, protection or enforcement of the Constitution. (Sec. 167)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe National People’s Congress exercises the following functions and powers:
…
(2) to supervise the enforcement of the Constitution;
… (Art. 62) - Chinese全国人民代表大会行使下列职权:
…
(二)监督宪法的实施;
… (第六十二条)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThere is for all Belgium a Constitutional Court, the composition, competences and functioning of which are established by the law.
This Court rules by means of judgments on:
1° those conflicts referred to in Article 141;
2° the violation of Articles 10, 11 and 24 by a law, a federate law or a rule as referred to in Article 134;
3° the violation of constitutional articles that the law determines by a law, a federate law or by a rule as referred to in Article 134.
A matter may be referred to the Court by any authority designated by the law, by any person that can prove an interest or, pre-judicially, by any court.
The Court pronounces by a ruling, under the conditions and according to the terms specified by the law, on every referendum described in Article 39bis before it is organised.
In the cases, under the conditions and according to the terms that it specifies, the law can give the Court competence to pronounce by a judgment on appeals lodged against decisions made by legislative assemblies or bodies thereof regarding the control of electoral expenditure incurred in the elections for the House of Representatives.
… (Art. 142) - DutchEr bestaat voor geheel België een Grondwettelijk Hof, waarvan de samenstelling, de bevoegdheid en de werking door de wet worden bepaald.
Dit Hof doet, bij wege van arrest, uitspraak over:
1° de in artikel 141 bedoelde conflicten;
2° de schending door een wet, een decreet of een in artikel 134 bedoelde regel, van de artikelen 10, 11 en 24;
3° de schending door een wet, een decreet of een in artikel 134 bedoelde regel, van de artikelen van de Grondwet die de wet bepaalt.
De zaak kan bij het Hof aanhangig worden gemaakt door iedere bij wet aangewezen overheid, door ieder die doet blijken van een belang of, prejudicieel, door ieder rechtscollege.
Het Hof doet bij wege van beslissing uitspraak over elke in artikel 39bis bedoelde volksraadpleging, voorafgaandelijk aan de organisatie ervan, onder de voorwaarden en op de wijze bepaald door de wet.
De wet kan, in de gevallen en onder de voorwaarden en op de wijze die zij bepaalt, het Hof de bevoegdheid toekennen om, bij wege van arrest, uitspraak te doen over de beroepen die worden ingesteld tegen de beslissingen van wetgevende vergaderingen of hun organen, betreffende de controle van de verkiezingsuitgaven voor de verkiezingen voor de Kamer van volksvertegenwoordigers.
… (Art. 142) - FrenchIl y a, pour toute la Belgique, une Cour constitutionnelle, dont la composition, la compétence et le fonctionnement sont déterminés par la loi.
Cette Cour statue par voie d’arrêt sur:
1° les conflits visés à l’article 141;
2° la violation par une loi, un décret ou une règle visée à l’article 134, des articles 10, 11 et 24;
3° la violation par une loi, un décret ou une règle visée à l’article 134, des articles de la Constitution que la loi détermine.
La Cour peut être saisie par toute autorité que la loi désigne, par toute personne justifiant d’un intérêt ou, à titre préjudiciel, par toute juridiction.
La Cour statue par voie de décision sur chaque consultation populaire visée à l’article 39bis, préalablement à son organisation, dans les conditions et selon les modalités fixées par la loi.
La loi peut, dans les cas et selon les conditions et les modalités qu’elle détermine, attribuer à la Cour la compétence de statuer, par voie d’arrêt, sur les recours formés contre les décisions des assemblées législatives ou de leurs organes, en matière de contrôle des dépenses électorales engagées pour les élections pour la Chambre des représentants.
… (Art. 142) - GermanEs gibt für ganz Belgien einen Verfassungsgerichtshof, dessen Zusammensetzung, Zuständigkeit und Arbeitsweise durch Gesetz bestimmt werden.
Dieser Verfassungsgerichtshof befindet im Wege eines Entscheids über:
1. die in Artikel 141 erwähnten Konflikte;
2. die Verletzung der Artikel 10, 11 und 24 durch ein Gesetz, ein Dekret oder eine in Artikel 134 erwähnte Regel;
3. die Verletzung der Verfassungsartikel, die das Gesetz bestimmt, durch ein Gesetz, ein Dekret oder eine in Artikel 134 erwähnte Regel.
Der Verfassungsgerichtshof kann angerufen werden von jeder durch Gesetz bezeichneten Behörde, von jedem, der ein Interesse nachweist, oder, zwecks Vorabentscheidung, von jedem Rechtsprechungsorgan.
Der Verfassungsgerichtshof befindet unter Bedingungen und gemäß Modalitäten, die das Gesetz festlegt, im Wege einer Entscheidung über jede in Artikel 39bis erwähnte Volksbefragung vor deren Organisation.
Das Gesetz kann in Fällen, unter Bedingungen und gemäß Modalitäten, die es bestimmt, dem Verfassungsgerichtshof die Zuständigkeit übertragen, im Wege eines Entscheids über Beschwerden zu befinden, die gegen die von gesetzgebenden Versammlungen oder ihren Organen gefassten Beschlüsse über die Kontrolle der Wahlausgaben für die Wahlen der Abgeordnetenkammer eingelegt werden.
… (Art. 142)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
It is equally competent to decide on the cases provided for in Articles 50, 52, 57, 77, 86, 100, 102, 104 and 147. (Art. 118)
- French
Elle est également compétente pour statuer sur les cas prévus aux articles 50, 52, 57, 77, 86, 100, 102, 104, et 147. (Art. 118)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English1. Subject to Article 28, the Constitutional Court has original and final jurisdiction to hear—
a. a matter relating to the interpretation of this Constitution;
b. a matter relating to a violation or contravention of this Constitution;
…
2. Subject to Article 28 (2), where a question relating to this Constitution arises in a court, the person presiding in that court shall refer the question to the Constitutional Court.
3. Subject to Article 28, a person who alleges that—
a. an Act of Parliament or statutory instrument;
b. an action, measure or decision taken under law; or
c. an act, omission, measure or decision by a person or an authority; contravenes this Constitution, may petition the Constitutional Court for redress.
4. A decision of the Constitutional Court is not appealable to the Supreme Court. (Art. 128)