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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Composition and Appointment
- EnglishThe Constitutional Court consists of nine (9) members including at least four (4) women, who hold the title of Constitutional Judge.
The duration of the mandate of the Constitutional Judges is of seven (7) years, non-renewable.
The members of the Constitutional Court are designated as follows:
– two (2) Magistrates including one women, elected by their peers;
– two (2) Attorney including one woman, elected by their peers;
– two (2) [members] of a Faculty of Law [enseignants-chercheurs de Droit] including one woman, elected by their peers;
– one (1) member appointed by the President of the Republic;
– one (1) member appointed by the President of the National Assembly;
– one (1) member appointed by the President of the Senate.
... (Art. 99) - FrenchLa Cour Constitutionnelle comprend neuf (09) membres dont au moins quatre (4) femmes, qui portent Ie titre de Juge Constitutionnel.
La durée du mandat des Juges Constitutionnels est de sept (07) ans non renouvelable.
Les membres de la Cour Constitutionnelle sont désignés comme suit:
- deux (2) magistrats dont une femme, élus par leurs pairs;
- deux (2) avocats dont une femme, élus par leurs pairs;
- deux (2) enseignants-chercheurs de Droit dont une femme, élus par leurs pairs;
- un (1) membre nommé par Ie Président de la République;
- un (1) membre nommé par Ie Président de l'Assemblée Nationale;
- un (1) membre nommé par Ie Président du Sénat.
... (Art. 99)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English(1) Subsection (2) applies in any proceedings in which a court determines whether a provision of primary legislation is compatible with a Convention right.
(2) If the court is satisfied that the provision is incompatible with a Convention right, it may make a declaration of that incompatibility.
(3) Subsection (4) applies in any proceedings in which a court determines whether a provision of subordinate legislation, made in the exercise of a power conferred by primary legislation, is compatible with a Convention right.
(4) If the court is satisfied—
(a) that the provision is incompatible with a Convention right, and
(b) that (disregarding any possibility of revocation) the primary legislation concerned prevents removal of the incompatibility,it may make a declaration of that incompatibility.
(5) In this section “court” means—
(a) the Supreme Court;
(b) the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council;
(c) the Court Martial Appeal Court;
(d) in Scotland, the High Court of Justiciary sitting otherwise than as a trial court or the Court of Session;
(e) in England and Wales or Northern Ireland, the High Court or the Court of Appeal.
(f) the Court of Protection, in any matter being dealt with by the President of the Family Division, the Chancellor of the High Court] or a puisne judge of the High Court.
... (Human Rights Act 1998, Sec. 4)6
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishI. The Pluri-National Constitutional Court (Tribunal Constitucional Plurinacional) assures the supremacy of the Constitution, exercises constitutional control, and safeguards respect for and enforcement of constitutional rights and guarantees.
II. As criteria to be applied in its interpretive role, the Pluri-National Constitutional Court shall give preference to the intent of the constituent assembly as demonstrated in its documents, acts and resolutions, as well as the literal tenor of the text. (Art. 196) - SpanishI. El Tribunal Constitucional Plurinacional vela por la supremacía de la Constitución, ejerce el control de constitucionalidad, y precautela el respeto y la vigencia de los derechos y las garantías constitucionales.
II. En su función interpretativa, el Tribunal Constitucional Plurinacional aplicará como criterio de interpretación, con preferencia, la voluntad del constituyente, de acuerdo con sus documentos, actas y resoluciones, así como el tenor literal del texto. (Art. 196)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Constitutional Court has duties and powers as follows:
(1) to consider and adjudicate on the constitutionality of a law or bill;
(2) to consider and adjudicate on a question regarding duties and powers of the House of Representative, the Senate, the National Assembly, the Council of Ministers or Independent Organs;
(3) others duties and powers prescribed in the Constitution.
The submission of a petition and the conditions for submitting a petition, the consideration and adjudication, the rendering of a decision, and the operation of the Court, except as prescribed by the Constitution, shall be in accordance with the Organic Act on the Procedures of the Constitutional Court. ... (Sec. 210) - Thaiศาลรัฐธรรมนูญมีหน้าที่และอํานาจดังต่อไปนี้
(๑) พิจารณาวินิจฉัยความชอบด้วยรัฐธรรมนูญของกฎหมายหรือร่างกฎหมาย
(๒) พิจารณาวินิจฉัยปัญหาเกี่ยวกับหน้าที่และอํานาจของสภาผู้แทนราษฎร วุฒิสภา รัฐสภา คณะรัฐมนตรี หรือองค์กรอิสระ
(๓) หน้าที่และอํานาจอื่นตามที่บัญญัติไว้ในรัฐธรรมนูญ
การยื่นคําร้องและเงื่อนไขการยื่นคําร้อง การพิจารณาวินิจฉัย การทําคําวินิจฉัย และการดําเนินงานของศาลรัฐธรรมนูญ นอกจากที่บัญญัติไว้ในรัฐธรรมนูญแล้ว ให้เป็นไปตามพระราชบัญญัติประกอบรัฐธรรมนูญว่าด้วยวิธีพิจารณาของศาลรัฐธรรมนูญ ... (มาตรา ๒๑๐)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe President or a Minister may, in accordance with the approval of the Cabinet, refer to the Supreme Court for its opinion any question concerning the interpretation or effect of any provision of this Constitution which has arisen or appears to the Cabinet likely to arise, and the Supreme Court shall pronounce in open court its opinion on the question. (Art. 55)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English1. The legitimate organs to interpose recourses of unconstitutionality are:
a) The President of the Republic-Head of State.
b) The Vice President of the Republic and the Prime Minister.
c) The Chamber of the Deputies and the Senate with a qualified majority of the three-fourths part of their members.
d) The Attorney General of the Republic.
2. Any natural person or [person] having cause, that invokes a legitimate interest[,] can interpose [the] recourse of amparo. (Art. 102) - Spanish1. Los órganos legítimos para interponer recursos de inconstitucionalidad son:
a) El Presidente de la República-Jefe de Estado.
b) El Vice-Presidente de la República y el Primer Ministro.
c) La Cámara de los Diputados y el Senado en una mayoría cualificada de las tres cuartas partes de sus miembros.
d) El Fiscal General de la República.
2. Puede interponer recurso de amparo, toda persona natural o causa-habiente que invoque un interés legítimo. (Art. 102) - French1. Les organes ayant légitimement le droit d'introduire des demandes d'inconstitutionnalité sont :
a) Le Président de la République-Chef de l'État.
b) Le Vice-président de la République et le Premier ministre.
c) La Chambre des députés et le Sénat, avec une majorité qualifiée des trois-quarts de leurs membres.
d) Le Procureur général de la République.
2. Toute personne physique ou personne fondée à invoquer un intérêt légitime a le droit d'introduire une demande de protection. (Art. 102)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Constitutional Court shall be responsible for knowing in sole instance:
1. Direct actions of unconstitutionality against the laws, decrees, rules, resolutions and ordinances at the instance of the President of the Republic, of one third of the members of the Senate or of the Chamber of Deputies and any person with legitimate and juridically protected interest.
2. The preventative control of international treaties before their ratification by the legislative organ.
3. Conflicts of responsibility between the public powers at the instance of one of their heads.
4. Any other matter that the law provides. (Art. 185) - SpanishEl Tribunal Constitucional será competente para conocer en única instancia:
1) Las acciones directas de inconstitucionalidad contra las leyes, decretos, reglamentos, resoluciones y ordenanzas, a instancia del Presidente de la República, de una tercera parte de los miembros del Senado o de la Cámara de Diputados y de cualquier persona con interés legítimo y jurídicamente protegido;
2) El control preventivo de los tratados internacionales antes de su ratificación por el órgano legislativo;
3) Los conflictos de competencia entre los poderes públicos, a instancia de uno de sus titulares;
4) Cualquier otra materia que disponga la ley. (Art. 185)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Supreme Court of the Republic is the highest judicial authority. The law shall specify how it can be formed, clarify its functions and the procedures to be followed before it. It shall undertake to do the following:
a. Judge on cases and pleas that laws, regulations, by-laws and decisions are not constitutional.
b. Judge disputes over conflict of jurisdiction.
c. Investigate and give opinions regarding appeals referred by the House of Representatives which relate to its membership.
d. Rule on appeals of final judgments in civilian, commercial, criminal, personal and administrative disputes and disciplinary cases according to the law.
e. To try the President of the Republic, the Vice President, the Prime Minister, his deputies, the ministers and their deputies according to the law. (Art. 153) - Arabicالمحكمة العليا للجمهورية هي أعلى هيئة قضائية ، ويحدد القانون كيفية تشكيلها ويبين اختصاصاتها والإجراءات التي تتبع أمامها ، وتمارس على وجه الخصوص في مجال القضاء ما يلي:
أ.الفصل في الدعاوى والدفوع المتعلقة بعدم دستورية القوانين واللوائح والأنظمة والقرارات.
ب.الفصل في تنازع الاختصاص بين جهات القضاء.
ج.التحقيق وإبداء الرأي في صحة الطعون المحالة إليها من مجلس النواب المتعلقة بصحة عضوية أي من أعضائه.
د.الفصل في الطعون في الاحكام النهائية وذلك في القضايا المدنية والتجارية والجنائية والأحوال الشخصية والمنازعات الإدارية والدعاوى التأديبية وفقاً للقانون.
ه.محاكمة رئيس الجمهورية ونائب الرئيس ورئيس الوزراء ونوابه والوزراء ونوابهم وفقاً للقانون.( مادة 153)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
Justice shall be administered by courts on the basis of the Constitution and other normative legal acts adopted in accordance with it.
If, during the hearing of a case the court has doubts as to the constitutionality of a legal act to be applied, it shall, before issuing a judgment, raise before the Constitutional Court the issue of reviewing the constitutionality of the legal act in question, in accordance with the procedure established by law. (Art. 112) - Belarusian
Суды ажыццяўляюць правасуддзе на падставе Канстытуцыі і прынятых у адпаведнасці з ёй іншых нарматыўных прававых актаў.
Калі пры разглядзе канкрэтнай справы ў суда ўзнікнуць сумненні ў канстытуцыйнасці нарматыўнага прававога акта, які падлягае прымяненню, суд да вынясення судовай пастановы ставіць ва ўстаноўленым законам парадку перад Канстытуцыйным Судом пытанне аб праверцы канстытуцыйнасці гэтага нарматыўнага прававога акта. (Артыкул 112) - Russian
Суды осуществляют правосудие на основании Конституции и принятых в соответствии с ней иных нормативных правовых актов.
Если при рассмотрении конкретного дела у суда возникнут сомнения в конституционности нормативного правового акта, подлежащего применению, суд до вынесения судебного постановления ставит в установленном законом порядке перед Конституционным Судом вопрос о проверке конституционности данного нормативного правового акта. (Статья 112)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English(1) Subject to the jurisdiction of the High Court in the enforcement of the Fundamental Human Rights and Freedoms as provided in article 33 of this Constitution, the Supreme Court shall have exclusive original jurisdiction in—
(a) all matters relating to the enforcement or interpretation of this Constitution; and
(b) all matters arising as to whether an enactment was made in excess of the powers conferred on Parliament or any other authority or person by law or under this Constitution.
(2) Where an issue that relates to a matter or question referred to in clause (1) of this article arises in any proceedings in a court other than the Supreme Court, that court shall stay the proceedings and refer the question of law involved to the Supreme Court for determination; and the court in which the question arose shall dispose of the case in accordance with the decision of the Supreme Court. (Art. 130)