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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Composition and Appointment
- English
Appointments to the judiciary must reflect broadly the diversity and gender composition of Zimbabwe. (Sec. 184)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English(1) The High Court—
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(c) may decide constitutional matters except those that only the Constitutional Court may decide;
… (Sec. 171)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English(1) An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from any judgment, decree or final order of a High Court in the territory of India, whether in a civil, criminal or other proceeding, if the High Court certifies under article 134A that the case involves a substantial question of law as to the interpretation of this Constitution.
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(3) Where such a certificate is given, any party in the case may appeal to the Supreme Court on the ground that any such question as aforesaid has been wrongly decided. (Art. 132) - Hindi(1) भारत के राज्यक्षेत्र में किसी उच्च न्यायालय की सिविल, दांडिक या अन्य कार्यवाही में दिए गए किसी निर्णय, डिक्री या अंतिम आदेश की अपील उच्चतम न्यायालय में होगी यदि वह उच्च न्यायालय अनुच्छेद 134क के अधीन प्रमाणित कर देता है कि उस मामले में इस संविधान के निर्वाचन के बारे में विधि का कोई सारवान प्रश्न अंतर्वलित है।
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(3) जहां ऐसा प्रमाणपत्र दे दिया गया है वहाँ उस मामले में कोई पक्षकार इस आधार पर उच्चतम न्यायालय में अपील कर सकेगा कि पूर्वोक्त किसी प्रश्न का विनिश्चय गलत किया गया है। (अनुच्छेद 132)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English1. The President of the Republic may ask the Constitutional Court to undertake the prior consideration of the constitutionality of any norm contained in an international treaty that is submitted to him for ratification, in any decree that is sent to him for enactment as a law or executive law, or in any international agreement, the decree approving which is sent to him for signature.
2. Representatives of the Republic may also ask the Constitutional Court to undertake the prior consideration of the constitutionality of any norm contained in a regional legislative decree that is sent to them for signature.
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4. In addition to the President of the Republic himself, the Prime Minister or one fifth of all the Members of the Assembly of the Republic in full exercise of their office may ask the Constitutional Court to conduct a prior review of the constitutionality of any rule laid down by any decree that is sent to the President of the Republic for enactment as an organisational law.
… (Art. 278) - Portuguese1. O Presidente da República pode requerer ao Tribunal Constitucional a apreciação preventiva da constitucionalidade de qualquer norma constante de tratado internacional que lhe tenha sido submetido para ratificação, de decreto que lhe tenha sido enviado para promulgação como lei ou como decreto-lei ou de acordo internacional cujo decreto de aprovação lhe tenha sido remetido para assinatura.
2. Os Representantes da República podem igualmente requerer ao Tribunal Constitucional a apreciação preventiva da constitucionalidade de qualquer norma constante de decreto legislativo regional que lhes tenha sido enviado para assinatura.
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4. Podem requerer ao Tribunal Constitucional a apreciação preventiva da constitucionalidade de qualquer norma constante de decreto que tenha sido enviado ao Presidente da República para promulgação como lei orgânica, além deste, o Primeiro-Ministro ou um quinto dos Deputados à Assembleia da República em efectividade de funções.
… (Art. 278)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishI. The Pluri-National Constitutional Court (Tribunal Constitucional Plurinacional) assures the supremacy of the Constitution, exercises constitutional control, and safeguards respect for and enforcement of constitutional rights and guarantees.
II. As criteria to be applied in its interpretive role, the Pluri-National Constitutional Court shall give preference to the intent of the constituent assembly as demonstrated in its documents, acts and resolutions, as well as the literal tenor of the text. (Art. 196) - SpanishI. El Tribunal Constitucional Plurinacional vela por la supremacía de la Constitución, ejerce el control de constitucionalidad, y precautela el respeto y la vigencia de los derechos y las garantías constitucionales.
II. En su función interpretativa, el Tribunal Constitucional Plurinacional aplicará como criterio de interpretación, con preferencia, la voluntad del constituyente, de acuerdo con sus documentos, actas y resoluciones, así como el tenor literal del texto. (Art. 196)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
1. The Constitutional Court is the highest judicial authority exercising constitutional review through constitutional litigation in order to protect the foundations of the constitutional order, fundamental human and civil rights and freedoms, and to ensure the supremacy and direct operation of the Constitution.
2. The Constitutional Court:
1) provides official interpretation of the Constitution;
2) adjudicate cases on the conformity of laws and other normative legal acts of the Kyrgyz Republic with the Constitution;
3) give an opinion on the constitutionality of international treaties to which the Kyrgyz Republic is a party that have not entered into force;
4) resolves disputes over competence between the branches of government;
5) give an opinion on a draft law amending and supplementing this Constitution;
6) give an opinion on the observance of the prescribed procedure for bringing charges against the President.
3. Everyone has the right to challenge the constitutionality of a law and other normative legal acts if he considers that they violate the rights and freedoms recognised by the Constitution.
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6. Judicial decisions based on provisions of laws found to be unconstitutional shall be reviewed by the court on a case-by-case basis following complaints by citizens whose rights and freedoms have been affected.
... (Art. 97) - Russian
1. Конституционный суд является высшим органом судебной власти, осуществляющим конституционный контроль посредством конституционного судопроизводства в целях защиты основ конституционного строя, основных прав и свобод человека и гражданина, обеспечения верховенства и прямого действия Конституции.
2. Конституционный суд:
1) дает официальное толкование Конституции;
2) разрешает дела о соответствии законов и иных нормативных правовых актов Кыргызской Республики Конституции;
3) дает заключение о конституционности не вступивших в силу международных договоров, участницей которых является Кыргызская Республика;
4) разрешает споры о компетенции между ветвями государственной власти;
5) дает заключение к проекту закона об изменениях и дополнениях в настоящую Конституцию;
6) дает заключение о соблюдении установленного порядка выдвижения обвинения против Президента.
3. Каждый вправе оспорить конституционность закона и иных нормативных правовых актов, если считает, что ими нарушаются права и свободы, признаваемые Конституцией.
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6. Судебные решения, основанные на нормах законов, признанных неконституционными, пересматриваются судом в каждом конкретном случае по жалобам граждан, чьи права и свободы были затронуты.
... (Статья 97) - Kyrgyz
1. Конституциялык сот конституциялык сот өндүрүшү аркылуу конституциялык түзүлүштүн негиздерин, адамдын жана жарандын негизги укуктарын жана эркиндиктерин коргоо, Конституциянын үстөмдүгүн жана түздөн-түз колдонулушун камсыз кылуу максатында конституциялык контролду жүзөгө ашыруучу сот бийлигинин жогорку органы болуп саналат.
2. Конституциялык сот:
1) Конституцияны расмий чечмелеп берет;
2) Кыргыз Республикасынын мыйзамдарынын жана башка ченемдик укуктук актыларынын Конституцияга ылайык келүүсү тууралуу иштерди чечет;
3) Кыргыз Республикасы катышуучусу болуп саналган, күчүнө кире элек эл аралык келишимдердин конституциялуулугу жөнүндө корутунду берет;
4) мамлекеттик бийлик бутактарынын ортосундагы компетенциялар жөнүндө талаштарды чечет;
5) ушул Конституцияга өзгөртүүлөр жана толуктоолор жөнүндө мыйзам долбооруна корутунду берет;
6) Президентке каршы айып коюунун белгиленген тартибинин сакталгандыгы жөнүндө корутунду берет.
3. Ар бир адам Конституцияда таанылган укуктары жана эркиндиктери мыйзамдарда жана башка ченемдик актыларда бузулду деп эсептесе, алардын конституциялуулугун талашууга укуктуу.
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6. Конституциялык эмес деп таанылган мыйзамдардын ченемдерине негизделген сот чечимдери ар бир конкреттүү учурда укуктарына жана эркиндиктерине шек келтирилген жарандардын даттануулары боюнча сот тарабынан кайра каралат.
... (97-берене)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
(1) The Constitutional Court shall decide on the conformity of negotiated international treaties to which the assent of the National Council of the Slovak Republic with the Constitution and constitutional law is necessary.
(2) The President of the Slovak Republic or the Government may submit a proposal for a decision pursuant to paragraph 1 to the Constitutional Court prior to the presentation of a negotiated international treaty for discussion of the National Council of the Slovak Republic.
… (Art. 125a) - Slovak
(1) Ústavný súd rozhoduje o súlade dojednaných medzinárodných zmlúv, na ktoré je potrebný súhlas Národnej rady Slovenskej republiky, s ústavou alebo s ústavným zákonom.
(2) Návrh na rozhodnutie podľa odseku 1 môţe podať ústavnému súdu prezident Slovenskej republiky alebo vláda pred tým, ako predloţí dojednanú medzinárodnú zmluvu na rokovanie Národnej rady Slovenskej republiky.
… (Čl. 125a)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English1. The legitimate organs to interpose recourses of unconstitutionality are:
a) The President of the Republic-Head of State.
b) The Vice President of the Republic and the Prime Minister.
c) The Chamber of the Deputies and the Senate with a qualified majority of the three-fourths part of their members.
d) The Attorney General of the Republic.
2. Any natural person or [person] having cause, that invokes a legitimate interest[,] can interpose [the] recourse of amparo. (Art. 102) - Spanish1. Los órganos legítimos para interponer recursos de inconstitucionalidad son:
a) El Presidente de la República-Jefe de Estado.
b) El Vice-Presidente de la República y el Primer Ministro.
c) La Cámara de los Diputados y el Senado en una mayoría cualificada de las tres cuartas partes de sus miembros.
d) El Fiscal General de la República.
2. Puede interponer recurso de amparo, toda persona natural o causa-habiente que invoque un interés legítimo. (Art. 102) - French1. Les organes ayant légitimement le droit d'introduire des demandes d'inconstitutionnalité sont :
a) Le Président de la République-Chef de l'État.
b) Le Vice-président de la République et le Premier ministre.
c) La Chambre des députés et le Sénat, avec une majorité qualifiée des trois-quarts de leurs membres.
d) Le Procureur général de la République.
2. Toute personne physique ou personne fondée à invoquer un intérêt légitime a le droit d'introduire une demande de protection. (Art. 102)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Constitutional Court shall be responsible for knowing in sole instance:
1. Direct actions of unconstitutionality against the laws, decrees, rules, resolutions and ordinances at the instance of the President of the Republic, of one third of the members of the Senate or of the Chamber of Deputies and any person with legitimate and juridically protected interest.
2. The preventative control of international treaties before their ratification by the legislative organ.
3. Conflicts of responsibility between the public powers at the instance of one of their heads.
4. Any other matter that the law provides. (Art. 185) - SpanishEl Tribunal Constitucional será competente para conocer en única instancia:
1) Las acciones directas de inconstitucionalidad contra las leyes, decretos, reglamentos, resoluciones y ordenanzas, a instancia del Presidente de la República, de una tercera parte de los miembros del Senado o de la Cámara de Diputados y de cualquier persona con interés legítimo y jurídicamente protegido;
2) El control preventivo de los tratados internacionales antes de su ratificación por el órgano legislativo;
3) Los conflictos de competencia entre los poderes públicos, a instancia de uno de sus titulares;
4) Cualquier otra materia que disponga la ley. (Art. 185)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
(1) There shall be a Supreme Court in Nepal.
(2) The Supreme Court shall be a court of record. All courts and judicial institutions shall, except as otherwise provided in this Constitution, be under the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court shall have the final authority to interpret this Constitution and laws.
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(4) All shall abide by any interpretation of the Constitution or a law made by or any legal principle laid down by the Supreme Court in the course of hearing a lawsuit. In case anyone makes obstruction in the dispensation of justice or disregard any order or judgment handed down by it or any of its subordinate courts, the Supreme Court may, in accordance with law, initiate proceedings of contempt and impose punishment therefor. (Art. 128) - Nepali
(१) नेपालमा एक सर्वोच्च अदालत हुनेछ ।
(२) सर्वोच्च अदालत अभिलेख अदालत हुनेछ । यस संविधानमा अन्यथा व्यवस्था भएकोमा बाहेक सबै अदालत र न्यायिक निकायहरू सर्वोच्च अदालत मातहत रहनेछन् । संविधान र कानूनको व्याख्या गर्ने अन्तिम अधिकार सर्वोच्च अदालतलाई हुनेछ ।
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(४) मुद्दा मामिलाका रोहमा सर्वोच्च अदालतले गरेको संविधान र कानूनको व्याख्या वा प्रतिपादन गरेको कानूनी सिद्धान्त सबैले (अदालतहरु र न्यायिक निकायहरु) पालन गर्नु पर्नेछ । सर्वोच्च अदालतले आफ्नो वा मातहतको अदालतको न्यायसम्पादनको कार्यमा कसैले अवरोध गरेमा वा आदेश वा फैसलाको अवज्ञा गरेमा कानून बमोजिम अवहेलनामा कारबाही चलाई सजाय गर्न सक्नेछ । (धारा १२८)