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Composition and Appointment
- English(1) A person shall be qualified for appointment as Chief Justice if he or she is qualified to be appointed a judge of the Supreme Court and has been a judge of a superior court in a common law country for not less than ten years.
(2) A person shall be qualified to be appointed a judge of the Supreme Court if he or she holds or has held office as a judge of the Court of Appeal, or as a judge of a court having similar jurisdiction in a common law country, in each case for not less than five years, or if he or she has practised as a legal practitioner before a court having unlimited jurisdiction in civil and criminal matters in a common law country for not less than twelve years.
… (Sec. 139)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English1 The Federal Supreme Court hears disputes concerning violations of:
a. federal law;
b. international law;
c. inter-cantonal law;
d. cantonal constitutional rights;
e. the autonomy of the communes and other cantonal guarantees in favour of public law corporations;
f. federal and cantonal provisions on political rights.
2 It hears disputes between the Confederation and Cantons or between Cantons.
3 The jurisdiction of the Federal Supreme Court may be extended by law.
4 Acts of the Federal Assembly or the Federal Council may not be challenged in the Federal Supreme Court. Exceptions may be provided for by law. (Art. 189) - French1 Le Tribunal fédéral connaît des contestations pour violation:
a. du droit fédéral;
b. du droit international;
c. du droit intercantonal;
d. des droits constitutionnels cantonaux;
e. de l’autonomie des communes et des autres garanties accordées par les cantons aux corporations de droit public;
f. des dispositions fédérales et cantonales sur les droits politiques.
2 Il connaît des différends entre la Confédération et les cantons ou entre les cantons.
3 La loi peut conférer d’autres compétences au Tribunal fédéral.
4 Les actes de l’Assemblée fédérale et du Conseil fédéral ne peuvent pas être portés devant le Tribunal fédéral. Les exceptions sont déterminées par la loi. (Art. 189) - German1 Das Bundesgericht beurteilt Streitigkeiten wegen Verletzung:
a. von Bundesrecht;
b. von Völkerrecht;
c. von interkantonalem Recht;
d. von kantonalen verfassungsmässigen Rechten;
e. der Gemeindeautonomie und anderer Garantien der Kantone zu Gunsten von öffentlich-rechtlichen Körperschaften;
f. von eidgenössischen und kantonalen Bestimmungen über die politischen Rechte.
2 Es beurteilt Streitigkeiten zwischen Bund und Kantonen oder zwischen Kantonen.
3 Das Gesetz kann weitere Zuständigkeiten des Bundesgerichts begründen.
4 Akte der Bundesversammlung und des Bundesrates können beim Bundesgericht nicht angefochten werden. Ausnahmen bestimmt das Gesetz. (Art. 189) - Italian1 Il Tribunale federale giudica le controversie per violazione:
a. del diritto federale;
b. del diritto internazionale;
c. del diritto intercantonale;
d. dei diritti costituzionali cantonali;
e. dell’autonomia comunale e di altre garanzie che i Cantoni conferiscono ad altri enti di diritto pubblico;
f. delle disposizioni federali e cantonali sui diritti politici.
2 Il Tribunale federale giudica inoltre le controversie tra la Confederazione e i Cantoni e quelle tra Cantoni.
3 La legge può conferire altre competenze al Tribunale federale.
4 Gli atti dell’Assemblea federale e del Consiglio federale non possono essere impugnati presso il Tribunale federale. Le eccezioni sono stabilite dalla legge. (Art. 189)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English(1) Subject to the jurisdiction of the High Court in the enforcement of the Fundamental Human Rights and Freedoms as provided in article 33 of this Constitution, the Supreme Court shall have exclusive original jurisdiction in—
(a) all matters relating to the enforcement or interpretation of this Constitution; and
(b) all matters arising as to whether an enactment was made in excess of the powers conferred on Parliament or any other authority or person by law or under this Constitution.
(2) Where an issue that relates to a matter or question referred to in clause (1) of this article arises in any proceedings in a court other than the Supreme Court, that court shall stay the proceedings and refer the question of law involved to the Supreme Court for determination; and the court in which the question arose shall dispose of the case in accordance with the decision of the Supreme Court. (Art. 130)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English(1) Subject to the provisions of sections 22(2), 39(8), 49(4), 56 and 108 of this Constitution, any person who alleges that any provision of this Constitution (other than a provision of Chapter I3) has been or is being contravened may, if he has a relevant interest, apply to the High Court for a declaration and for relief under this section.
(2) The High Court shall have jurisdiction on an application made under this section to determine whether any provision of this Constitution (other than a provision of Chapter I) has been or is being contravened and to make a declaration accordingly.
(3) Where the High Court makes a declaration under this section that a provision of this Constitution has been or is being contravened and the person on whose application the declaration is made has also applied for relief, the High Court may grant to that person such remedy as it considers appropriate, being a remedy available generally under the law of Grenada in proceedings in the High Court.
(4) The Chief Justice may make rules with respect to the practice and procedure of the High Court in relation to the jurisdiction and powers conferred on the Court by or under this section, including provision with respect to the time within which any application under this section may be made.
(5) A person shall be regarded as having a relevant interest for the purpose of an application under this section only if the contravention of this Constitution alleged by him is such as to affect his interests.
(6) The right conferred on a person by this section to apply for a declaration and relief in respect of an alleged contravention of this Constitution shall be in addition to any other action in respect of the same matter that may be available to that person under any other enactment or any rule of law.
(7) Nothing in this section shall confer jurisdiction on the High Court to hear or determine any such question as is referred to in section 37 of this Constitution. (Sec. 101)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
The Supreme Court shall have sole and exclusive jurisdiction to determine any question as to whether any Bill or any provision thereof is inconsistent with the Constitution:
… (Art. 120) - Sinhala
යම් පනත් කෙටුම්පතක් නැතහොත් පනත් කෙටුම්පතක යම් විධිවිධානයක් ආණ්ඩුක්රම ව්යවස්ථාවට අනනුකූල දැයි යන යම් ප්රශ්නයක් පිළිබඳව තීරණයක් ගැනීමේ තනි හා අනන්ය අධිකරණ බලය ශ්රේෂ්ඨාධිකරණයට ඇත්තේ ය:
... (120 වැනි වගන්තිය)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English1. The High Court shall have jurisdiction to supervise any civil or criminal proceedings before any subordinate court and may make such orders, issue such writs and give such directions as it may consider appropriate for the purpose of ensuring that justice is duly administered by any such court.
2. Where any question as to the interpretation of any provision of this Constitution (other than Chapter II) arises in any subordinate court and the court is of the opinion that the question involves a substantial question of law, the court shall refer the question to the High Court.
3. Where any question is referred to the High Court under the preceding subsection, the High Court shall give its decision upon the question and the court in which the question arose shall dispose of the case in accordance with that decision or, if that decision is the subject of an appeal to the Court of Appeal or to the Judicial Committee, in accordance with the decision of the Court of Appeal or the Judicial Committee. (Sec. 89)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishIn addition to the issues that are directed to it by other Articles of the Constitution, the High Constitutional Court, within the conditions established by an organic law:
1°. decides on the conformity with the Constitution of the treaties, of the laws, of the ordinances, and of the autonomous regulations;
2°. rules on the conflicts of competence between two or more Institutions of the State or between the State and one or more Decentralized Territorial Collectivities or between two or more Decentralized Territorial Collectivities;
3°. decides on the conformity with the Constitution and with the organic laws, of the deliberations and of the regulatory acts adopted by the Decentralized Territorial Collectivities;
4°. decides on the disputes of the operations of referendum, of the election of the President of the Republic and of the elections of the Deputies and Senators;
5°. proclaims the official result of the presidential and legislative elections and of the consultations by referendum. (Art. 116) - FrenchOutre les questions qui lui sont renvoyées par d’autres articles de la Constitution, la Haute Cour Constitutionnelle, dans les conditions fixées par une loi organique :
1° statue sur la conformité à la Constitution des traités, des lois, des ordonnances, et des règlements autonomes ;
2° règle les conflits de compétence entre deux ou plusieurs Institutions de l'Etat ou entre l'Etat et une ou plusieurs Collectivités Territoriales Décentralisées ou entre deux ou Collectivités Territoriales Décentralisées ;
3° statue sur la conformité à la Constitution et aux lois organiques, des actes à caractère législatif et réglementaires adoptés par les Collectivités Territoriales Décentralisées;
4° statue sur le contentieux des opérations de référendum, de l'élection du Président de la République et des élections des députés et sénateurs ;
5° proclame le résultat officiel des élections présidentielles, législatives et des consultations par référendum. (Art. 116)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Supreme Court of Justice, will be organized in chambers, one of which is the Constitutional [Chamber], …
The Constitutional Chamber has the following attributions:
1) To take cognizance[,] in conformity with this Constitution and the law, of the recourses of Habeas Corpus or Personal Exhibition [Exhibición Personal], Habeas Data, Amparo, Unconstitutionality and Revision, and,
2) To resolve the conflicts among the Powers of the State, including the Supreme Electoral Tribunal, as well as, among the other entities or organs that the law indicates; the decisions [sentencias] in which the unconstitutionality of a norm is declared[,] are of immediate execution and have general effects, and therefore, abrogate [derogan] the unconstitutional norm, [and this] will be communicated to the National Congress, which will have it published in the Diario Oficial La Gaceta [Official Gazette]. The Regulations will establish the organization and functioning of the Chambers. (Art. 316) - SpanishLa Corte Suprema de Justicia, está organizada en salas, una de las cuales es la de lo Constitucional, …
La Sala de lo Constitucional tiene las atribuciones siguientes:
1. Conocer, de conformidad con esta Constitución y la Ley, de los recursos de Habeas Corpus o Exhibición Personal, Habeas Data, Amparo, Inconstitucionalidad y Revisión; y
2. Dirimir los conflictos entre los Poderes del Estado, incluido el Tribunal Supremo Electoral, así como entre las demás entidades u órganos que indique la ley; las sentencias en que se declara la inconstitucionalidad de una norma son de ejecución inmediata y tienen efectos genérales; y por tanto derogan la norma inconstitucional, debiendo comunicarse al Congreso Nacional, quien lo hará publicar en el Diario Oficial la Gaceta. El Reglamento establecerá la organización y funcionamiento de las Salas. (Art. 316)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Constitutional Court shall examine the constitutionality, in respect of both form and substance, of laws, presidential decrees and the Rules of Procedure of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, and decide on individual applications. Constitutional amendments shall be examined and verified only with regard to their form. However, presidential decrees issued during a state of emergency or in time of war shall not be brought before the Constitutional Court alleging their unconstitutionality as to form or substance.
The verification of laws as to form shall be restricted to consideration of whether the requisite majority was obtained in the last ballot; the verification of constitutional amendments shall be restricted to consideration of whether the requisite majorities were obtained for the proposal and in the ballot, and whether the prohibition on debates under expedited procedure was observed. Verification as to form may be requested by the President of the Republic or by one-fifth of the members of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. Applications for annulment on the grounds of defect in form shall not be made after ten days have elapsed from the date of promulgation of the law; and it shall not be appealed by other courts to the Constitutional Court on the grounds of defect in form.
Everyone may apply to the Constitutional Court on the grounds that one of the fundamental rights and freedoms within the scope of the European Convention on Human Rights which are guaranteed by the Constitution has been violated by public authorities. In order to make an application, ordinary legal remedies must be exhausted.
In the individual application, judicial review shall not be made on matters required to be taken into account during the process of legal remedies.
Procedures and principles concerning the individual application shall be regulated by law.
The Constitutional Court in its capacity as the Supreme Court shall try, for offences relating to their functions, the President of the Republic, the Speaker of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, members of the Council of Ministers; presidents and members of the Constitutional Court, High Court of Appeals, Council of State, High Military Court of Appeals, High Military Administrative Court, High Council of Judges and Prosecutors, Court of Accounts, and Chief Public Prosecutors and Deputy Public Prosecutors.
The Chief of General Staff, the commanders of the Land, Naval and Air Forces and the General Commander of the Gendarmerie shall be tried in the Supreme Court for offences regarding their duties.
The Chief Public Prosecutor of the High Court of Appeals or Deputy Chief Public Prosecutor of the High Court of Appeals shall act as prosecutor in the Supreme Court.
Application for judicial review may be made against the decisions of the Supreme Court. Decisions taken by the General Assembly regarding the application shall be final.
The Constitutional Court shall also perform the other duties given to it by the Constitution. (Art. 148) - TurkishAnayasa Mahkemesi, kanunların, kanun hükmünde kararnamelerin ve Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi İçtüzüğünün Anayasaya şekil ve esas bakımlarından uygunluğunu denetler ve bireysel başvuruları karara bağlar. Anayasa değişikliklerini ise sadece şekil bakımından inceler ve denetler. Ancak, olağanüstü hallerde, sıkıyönetim ve savaş hallerinde çıkarılan kanun hükmünde kararnamelerin şekil ve esas bakımından Anayasaya aykırılığı iddiasıyla, Anayasa Mahkemesinde dava açılamaz.
Kanunların şekil bakımından denetlenmesi, son oylamanın, öngörülen çoğunlukla yapılıp yapılmadığı; Anayasa değişikliklerinde ise, teklif ve oylama çoğunluğuna ve ivedilikle görüşülemeyeceği şartına uyulup uyulmadığı hususları ile sınırlıdır. Şekil bakımından denetleme, Cumhurbaşkanınca veya Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi üyelerinin beşte biri tarafından istenebilir. Kanunun yayımlandığı tarihten itibaren on gün geçtikten sonra, şekil bozukluğuna dayalı iptal davası açılamaz; def’i yoluyla da ileri sürülemez.
Herkes, Anayasada güvence altına alınmış temel hak ve özgürlüklerinden, Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi kapsamındaki herhangi birinin kamu gücü tarafından, ihlal edildiği iddiasıyla Anayasa Mahkemesine başvurabilir. Başvuruda bulunabilmek için olağan kanun yollarının tüketilmiş olması şarttır.
Bireysel başvuruda, kanun yolunda gözetilmesi gereken hususlarda inceleme yapılamaz.
Bireysel başvuruya ilişkin usul ve esaslar kanunla düzenlenir.
Anayasa Mahkemesi Cumhurbaşkanını, Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi Başkanını, Bakanlar Kurulu üyelerini, Anayasa Mahkemesi, Yargıtay, Danıştay, Askerî Yargıtay, Askerî Yüksek İdare Mahkemesi Başkan ve üyelerini, Başsavcılarını, Cumhuriyet Başsavcıvekilini, Hâkimler ve Savcılar Yüksek Kurulu ve Sayıştay Başkan ve üyelerini görevleriyle ilgili suçlardan dolayı Yüce Divan sıfatıyla yargılar.
Genelkurmay Başkanı, Kara, Deniz ve Hava Kuvvetleri Komutanları ile Jandarma Genel Komutanı da görevleriyle ilgili suçlardan dolayı Yüce Divanda yargılanırlar. Yüce Divanda, savcılık görevini Cumhuriyet Başsavcısı veya Cumhuriyet Başsavcıvekili yapar.
Yüce Divan kararlarına karşı yeniden inceleme başvurusu yapılabilir. Genel Kurulun yeniden inceleme sonucunda verdiği kararlar kesindir.
Anayasa Mahkemesi, Anayasa ile verilen diğer görevleri de yerine getirir. (Madde 148)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
(1) The High Court has jurisdiction —
(a) in relation to Part II (Bill of Rights) of this Constitution - as provided by Division 5 (Enforcement of the Bill of Rights) of that Part; and
(b) in relation to questions as to membership of Parliament - as provided by section 102 (questions as to membership of Parliament); and
(c) in relation to other questions as to the interpretation or application of this Constitution - as provided by section 134 (constitutional interpretation);
(d) in relation to appeals generally - as provided by section 135 (appellate jurisdiction of the High Court); and
(e) in other matters - as provided for by sections 14(3) (which relates to the effect of Parliamentary declarations of purpose) and 136 (other jurisdiction, etc., of the High Court), and otherwise in this Constitution.
… (Sec. 133)