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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe processes promoted before the Constitutional Court in the matters to which this Article refers will be regulated by the law in conformity with the following provisions:
1. Any citizen can exercise the public recourses [acciones] provided for in the preceding Article and intervene as impugnor or defender of the norms submitted to control in the processes promoted by others, as well as in those cases where no public action exists.
2. The Procurator General of the Nation must intervene in all these processes.
… (Art. 242) - SpanishLos procesos que se adelanten ante la Corte Constitucional en las materias a que se refiere este título, serán regulados por la ley conforme a las siguientes disposiciones:
1. Cualquier ciudadano podrá ejercer las acciones públicas previstas en el artículo precedente, e intervenir como impugnador o defensor de las normas sometidas a control en los procesos promovidos por otros, así como en aquellos para los cuales no existe acción pública.
2. El Procurador General de la Nación deberá intervenir en todos los procesos.
... (Art. 242)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English(1) If a court concludes that a law on whose validity its decision depends is unconstitutional, the proceedings shall be stayed, and a decision shall be obtained from the Land court with jurisdiction over constitutional disputes where the constitution of a Land is held to be violated, or from the Federal Constitutional Court where this Basic Law is held to be violated. This provision shall also apply where the Basic Law is held to be violated by Land law and where a Land law is held to be incompatible with a federal law.
(2) If, in the course of litigation, doubt exists whether a rule of international law is an integral part of federal law and whether it directly creates rights and duties for the individual (Article 25), the court shall obtain a decision from the Federal Constitutional Court.
(3) If the constitutional court of a Land, in interpreting this Basic Law, proposes to deviate from a decision of the Federal Constitutional Court or of the constitutional court of another Land, it shall obtain a decision from the Federal Constitutional Court. (Art. 100) - German(1) Hält ein Gericht ein Gesetz, auf dessen Gültigkeit es bei der Entscheidung ankommt, für verfassungswidrig, so ist das Verfahren auszusetzen und, wenn es sich um die Verletzung der Verfassung eines Landes handelt, die Entscheidung des für Verfassungsstreitigkeiten zuständigen Gerichtes des Landes, wenn es sich um die Verletzung dieses Grundgesetzes handelt, die Entscheidung des Bundesverfassungsgerichtes einzuholen. Dies gilt auch, wenn es sich um die Verletzung dieses Grundgesetzes durch Landesrecht oder um die Unvereinbarkeit eines Landesgesetzes mit einem Bundesgesetz handelt.
(2) Ist in einem Rechtsstreite zweifelhaft, ob eine Regel des Völkerrechtes Bestandteil des Bundesrechtes ist und ob sie unmittelbar Rechte und Pflichten für den Einzelnen erzeugt (Artikel 25), so hat das Gericht die Entscheidung des Bundesverfassungsgerichtes einzuholen.
(3) Will das Verfassungsgericht eines Landes bei der Auslegung des Grundgesetzes von einer Entscheidung des Bundesverfassungsgerichtes oder des Verfassungsgerichtes eines anderen Landes abweichen, so hat das Verfassungsgericht die Entscheidung des Bundesverfassungsgerichtes einzuholen. (Art. 100)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English1. The Public Prosecutor’s Office and persons who, in conformity with the law regulating the constitutionality review process, have legitimacy to file an appeal, shall have the right to appeal with the Constitutional Court.
2. The appeal referred to in the preceding paragraph may only be filed after resort to other appeals provided for in the law of the proceedings in which the judgment was handed down have been exhausted, and the appeal shall be limited to the question of unconstitutionality or illegality, as the case may be.
3. The appeal filed against the decisions referred to in subparagraph c) of paragraph 1 and in the first part of subparagraph a) of paragraph 2 of the preceding article shall be mandatorily filed with the Public Prosecutor’s Office. (Art. 282) - Portuguese1. Podem recorrer para o Tribunal Constitucional, o Ministério Público e as pessoas que, de acordo com a lei reguladora do processo de fiscalização da constitucionalidade, tenham legitimidade para interpor recurso.
2. O recurso referido no artigo anterior só pode ser interposto depois de esgotadas as vias de recurso estabelecidos na lei do processo em que foi proferida a decisão e é restrito à questão da inconstitucionalidade ou da ilegalidade, conforme o caso.
3. O recurso das decisões previstas na alínea c) do número 1 e da primeira parte da alínea a) do nº 2 do artigo antecedente é obrigatório para o Ministério Público. (Art. 282)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
The Constitutional Court decides obligatorily on:
– the treaties and international agreements before their entry into force, concerning their conformity with the Constitution, after the adoption by the Parliament of the law of authorization;
– the constitutionality of the organic laws and of the laws before their promulgation, of the ordinances as well as the regulatory acts [that] supposedly infringe the fundamental rights of the human person and the public freedoms, after their publication;
– the regulations of the National Assembly and of the Senate, the regulations of procedure of the Constitutional Court and the regulations of the Economic, Social and environmental Council, before their implementation, concerning their conformity with the Constitution;
– the regulations of the independent administrative authorities determined by the law, before their implementation, concerning their conformity with the Constitution;
– the conflicts of attribution between the institutions of the State;
– the regularity of the presidential [and] parliamentary elections, and of the operations of the referendum of which it proclaims the results.
The Constitutional Court is referred to [the matter] in case of dispute concerning the validity of an election, by any elector, any candidate, any political party or delegate of the Government under the conditions provided for by the organic law on the Constitutional Court. (Art. 84) - French
La Cour Constitutionnelle statue obligatoirement sur :
-les traités et accords internationaux avant leur entrée en vigueur, quant à leur conformité à la Constitution, après adoption par le Parlement de la loi d'autorisation ;
-la constitutionnalité des lois organiques et des lois avant leur promulgation, des ordonnances ainsi que des actes réglementaires censés porter atteinte aux droits fondamentaux de la personne humaine et aux libertés publiques, après leur publication ;
-les règlements de l'Assemblée Nationale et du Sénat, le règlement de procédure de la Cour Constitutionnelle et le règlement du Conseil Economique, Social et Environnemental, avant leur mise en application, quant à leur conformité à la Constitution ;
-les règlements des autorités administratives indépendantes déterminées par la loi, avant leur mise en application, quant à leur conformité à la Constitution ;
-les conflits d'attribution entre les institutions de l'Etat ;
-la régularité des élections présidentielles, parlementaires et des opérations de référendum dont elle proclame les résultats.
La Cour Constitutionnelle est saisie, en cas de contestation sur la validité d'une élection, par tout électeur, tout candidat, tout parti politique ou délégué du Gouvernement dans les conditions prévues par la loi organique sur la Cour Constitutionnelle. (Art. 84)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Constitutional Court is the supreme body for controlling, constitutionally interpreting and administering justice in this matter. It exercises national jurisdiction and its seat is in the city of Quito.
The decisions related to the attributions provided for in the Constitution shall be adopted by the plenary of the Court. (Art. 429) - SpanishLa Corte Constitucional es el máximo órgano de control, interpretación constitucional y de administración de justicia en esta materia. Ejerce jurisdicción nacional y su sede es la ciudad de Quito.
Las decisiones relacionadas con las atribuciones previstas en la Constitución serán adoptadas por el pleno de la Corte. (Art. 429)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
…
(2) Draft Constitutional laws shall be submitted to Parliament only alongside with the advisory opinion of the Constitutional Court adopted by a vote of at least 4 judges. (Art. 141) - Moldovian
…
(2) Proiectele de legi constituţionale vor fi prezentate Parlamentului numai împreună cu avizul Curţii Constituţionale, adoptat cu votul a cel puţin 4 judecători. (Art. 141)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
The organic laws are those which have for [their] object specifying or completing the provisions relative to the organization or to the functioning of the Institutions, structures and systems specified or qualified as such by the Constitution.
They are voted and modified within the following conditions:
…
- the organic laws can only be promulgated after the declaration by the Constitutional Council of their conformity with the Constitution. (Art. 102) - French
Les lois organiques sont celles qui ont pour objet de préciser ou de compléter les dispositions relatives à l’organisation ou au fonctionnement des Institutions, structures et systèmes prévus ou qualifiés comme tels par la Constitution.
Elles sont votées et modifiées dans les conditions suivantes :
…
- les lois organiques ne peuvent être promulguées qu'après la déclaration par le Conseil constitutionnel de leur conformité à la Constitution. (Art. 102)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English1. In cases submitted for trial, tribunals may not apply rules that contravene the Constitution or the principles enshrined therein.
2. Matters of unconstitutionality may be raised by the tribunal of its own motion, by the Public Attorney’s Office, or by any of the parties.
3. After acknowledging the matter of unconstitutionality, the incident will be separately submitted to the Superior Tribunal of Justice, which will decide in a plenary session.
… (Art. 126) - Portuguese1 - Nos feitos submetidos a julgamentos não podem os tribunais aplicar normas que infrinjam o disposto na Constituição ou os princípios nela consagrados.
2 - A questão da inconstitucionalidade pode ser levantada oficiosamente pelo tribunal, pelo Ministério Público ou por qualquer das partes.
3 - Admitida a questão da inconstitucionalidade, o incidente sobe em separado ao Supremo Tribunal de Justiça, que decidirá em plenário.
... (Art. 126)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Court of Constitutionality has the following functions:
a. To take cognizance in sole [unique] instance of the challenges interposed against the laws or provisions of general character, objected to for partial or total unconstitutionality;
b. To take cognizance in sole instance in its status of Extraordinary Tribunal of [the recourse of] amparo, of actions of amparo interposed against the Congress of the Republic, the Supreme Court of Justice, [or] the President or [the] Vice-President of the Republic;
c. To take cognizance on appeal of all [recourses of] amparo interposed before any of the tribunals of justice. If the appeal should be against a resolution of amparo of the Supreme Court of Justice, the Court of Constitutionality shall be expanded by two members [vocales] in the form specified in Article 268;
d. To take cognizance on appeal of all the challenges against the laws objected to for unconstitutionality in specific cases, in any trial, in cassation, or in the cases contemplated by the law in the matter;
e. To issue an opinion regarding the constitutionality of treaties, agreements, and bills of law at the request of any of the organs of the State;
f. To take cognizance and resolve [the] issues concerning to any conflict of jurisdiction in matters of constitutionality;
g. To compile the doctrine and constitutional principles that have been invoked with the purpose of resolving them through [the recourse of] amparo and [through the recourse] of unconstitutionality of the laws, [and] maintain the jurisprudential bulletin or gazette;
h. To issue an opinion on the unconstitutionality of the laws vetoed by the Executive alleging unconstitutionality; and
i. To act, to render opinions [opinar], to dictate, or to take cognizance of those matters under its competence established in the Constitution of the Republic. (Art. 272) - SpanishLa Corte de Constitucionalidad tiene las siguientes funciones:
a) Conocer en única instancia de las impugnaciones interpuestas contra leyes o disposiciones de carácter general, objetadas parcial o totalmente de inconstitucionalidad;
b) Conocer en única instancia en calidad de Tribunal Extraordinario de Amparo en las acciones de amparo interpuestas en contra del Congreso de la República, la Corte Suprema de Justicia, el Presidente y el Vicepresidente de la República;
c) Conocer en apelación de todos los amparos interpuestos ante cualquiera de los tribunales de justicia. Si la apelación fuere en contra de una resolución de amparo de la Corte Suprema de Justicia, la Corte de Constitucionalidad se ampliará con dos vocales en la forma prevista en el artículo 268;
d) Conocer en apelación de todas las impugnaciones en contra de las leyes objetadas de inconstitucionalidad en casos concretos, en cualquier juicio, en casación, o en los casos contemplados por la ley de la materia;
e) Emitir opinión sobre la constitucionalidad de los tratados, convenios y proyectos de ley, a solicitud de cualquiera de los organismos del Estado;
f) Conocer y resolver lo relativo a cualquier conflicto de jurisdicción en materia de constitucionalidad;
g) Compilar la doctrina y principios constitucionales que se vayan sentando con motivo de las resoluciones de amparo y de inconstitucionalidad de las leyes, manteniendo al día el boletín o gaceta jurisprudencial;
h) Emitir opinión sobre la inconstitucionalidad de las leyes vetadas por el Ejecutivo alegando inconstitucionalidad; e
i) Actuar, opinar, dictaminar o conocer de aquellos asuntos de su competencia establecidos en la Constitución de la República. (Art. 272)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English1. The following may make application to the Constitutional Tribunal regarding matters specified in Article 188:
1) the President of the Republic, the Marshal of the Sejm, the Marshal of the Senate, the Prime Minister, 50 Deputies, 30 Senators, the First President of the Supreme Court, the President of the Chief Administrative Court, the Public Prosecutor-General, the President of the Supreme Chamber of Control, the Commissioner for Citizens' Rights,
2) the National Council of the Judiciary, to the extent specified in Article 186, para. 2;
3) the constitutive organs of units of local self-government;
4) the national organs of trade unions as well as the national authorities of employers' organizations and occupational organizations;
5) churches and religious organizations;
6) the subjects referred to in Article 79 to the extent specified therein.
2. The subjects referred to in para. 1 subparas. 3-5, may make such application if the normative act relates to matters relevant to the scope of their activity. (Art. 191) - Polish1. Z wnioskiem w sprawach, o których mowa w art. 188, do Trybunału Konstytucyjnego wystąpić mogą:
1.) Prezydent Rzeczypospolitej, Marszałek Sejmu, Marszałek Senatu, Prezes Rady Ministrów, 50 posłów, 30 senatorów, Pierwszy Prezes Sądu Najwyższego, Prezes Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego, Prokurator Generalny, Prezes Najwyższej Izby Kontroli, Rzecznik Praw Obywatelskich,
2.) Krajowa Rada Sądownictwa w zakresie, o którym mowa w art. 186 ust. 2,
3.) organy stanowiące jednostek samorządu terytorialnego,
4.) ogólnokrajowe organy związków zawodowych oraz ogólnokrajowe władze organizacji pracodawców i organizacji zawodowych,
5.) kościoły i inne związki wyznaniowe,
6.) podmioty określone w art. 79 w zakresie w nim wskazanym.
2. Podmioty, o których mowa w ust. 1 pkt 3-5, mogą wystąpić z takim wnioskiem, jeżeli akt normatywny dotyczy spraw objętych ich zakresem działania. (Art. 191)