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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.

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Jurisdiction and Access

Benin
  • English

    …
    - the organic laws may only be promulgated after declaration by the Constitutional Court of their conformity with the Constitution. (Art. 97)

  • French

    …
    - les lois organiques ne peuvent être promulguées qu'après déclaration par la Cour constitutionnelle de leur conformité à la Constitution. (Art. 97)

Jurisdiction and Access

Rwanda
  • English
    Authentic interpretation of laws is done by the Supreme Court.
    Authentic interpretation of laws may be requested by Cabinet or the Bar Association.
    Any interested person may request for an authentic interpretation of a law through the Bar Association.
    … (Art. 96)
  • Kinyarwanda
    Isobanurampamo ry’amategeko rikorwa n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga.
    Iryo sobanurampamo rishobora gusabwa na Guverinoma cyangwa Urugaga rw’Abavoka.
    Umuntu wese ubifitemo inyungu ashobora gusaba isobanurampamo abinyujije ku Rugaga rw’Abavoka.
    … (Ingingo ya 96)
  • French
    L’interprétation authentique des lois est faite par la Cour Suprême.
    L’interprétation authentique peut être demandée par le Gouvernement ou par l’Ordre des Avocats.
    Toute personne intéressée peut demander l’interprétation authentique de la loi par l’intermédiaire de l’Ordre des Avocats.
    … (Art. 96)

Jurisdiction and Access

Uruguay
  • English
    The declaration of the unconstitutionality of a law and the inapplicability of the provisions affected thereby, may be requested by any person who considers that his direct, personal, and legitimate interest is injured:
    1. By means of lawsuit, which must be filed before the Supreme Court of Justice;
    2. By plea of exception, which may be made in any judicial proceeding.
    A judge or court which hears any judicial proceeding, or the Contentious-Administrative Tribunal, as the case may be, may also request the declaration of unconstitutionality of a law and its inapplicability, before rendering a decision.
    In this case and in that provided in subparagraph 2 above, the proceedings shall be suspended and the case referred to the Supreme Court of Justice. (Art. 258)
  • Spanish
    La declaración de inconstitucionalidad de una ley y la inaplicabilidad de las disposiciones afectadas por aquélla, podrán solicitarse por todo aquel que se considere lesionado en su interés directo, personal y legítimo:
    1º) Por vía de acción, que deberá entablar ante la Suprema Corte de Justicia.
    2º) Por vía de excepción, que podrá oponer en cualquier procedimiento judicial.
    El Juez o Tribunal que entendiere en cualquier procedimiento judicial, o el Tribunal de lo Contencioso Administrativo, en su caso, también podrá solicitar de oficio la declaración de inconstitucionalidad de una ley y su inaplicabilidad, antes de dictar resolución.
    En este caso y en el previsto por el numeral 2º), se suspenderán los procedimientos, elevándose las actuaciones a la Suprema Corte de Justicia. (Art. 258)

Jurisdiction and Access

Estonia
  • English
    …
    If the Riigikogu, for the second time and without amending it, passes a law which has been returned to it by the President, the President either promulgates the law or applies to the Supreme Court for a declaration of unconstitutionality in respect of that law.
    … (Sec. 107)
  • Estonian
    …
    Kui Riigikogu võtab Vabariigi Presidendi poolt tagasi saadetud seaduse muutmata kujul uuesti vastu, kuulutab Vabariigi President seaduse välja või pöördub Riigikohtu poole ettepanekuga tunnistada seadus põhiseadusega vastuolus olevaks.
    … (§ 107)

Jurisdiction and Access

Burundi
  • English
    The Constitutional Court is competent to:
    – decide on the constitutionality of the laws and of the regulatory acts taken in the matters other than those arising within the domain of the law;
    – assure the respect for this Constitution including the Charte des Droits fundamentaux [Charter of Fundamental Rights], by the organs of the State, [and] the other institutions;
    – interpret the Constitution, at the demand of the President of the Republic, of the President of the National Assembly, of the President of the Senate, of one-quarter of the Deputies or of one-quarter of the Senators;
    – decide on the regularity of the presidential elections, legislative [elections] and of the referenda and to proclaim the definitive results of them;
    – receive the oath of the President of the Republic, of the Vice President of the Republic, of the Prime Minister and of the other Ministers before their entry into [their] functions;
    – declare the vacancy of the post of President of the Republic.
    – declare the vacancy of the seats of the parliamentarians.
    The organic laws before their promulgation, the international treaties before submitting them to the vote of the Assemblies, the internal regulations of the National Assembly and of the Senate before their application, are submitted obligatory to the control of constitutionality. (Art. 234)
  • Kirundi
    Sentare yubahiriza Ibwirizwa Shingiro ifise ububasha bukurikira :
    - kwihweza ko amabwirizwa n’amategeko ashingwa mu bidasanzwe biringanizwa n’ibwirizwa adaciye kubiri n’Ibwirizwa Shingiro ;
    - gucungera ko iri bwirizwa shingiro harimwo n’amasezerano yerekeye amateka ngenderwako y’ikiremwa muntu yubahirizwa n’abantu, inzego za Reta, hamwe n’izindi nzego ;
    - gutanga insiguro y’Ibwirizwa Shingiro, bisabwe n’Umukuru w’Igihugu, Umukuru w’Inama Nshingamateka, Umukuru w’Inama Nkenguzamateka, ica kane c’abashingamateka canke ica kane c’abakenguzamateka ;
    - kwihweza ko amatora y’Umukuru w’Igihugu, y’abashingamateka n’abakenguzamateka n’ayo gusaba ebenegihugu ngo bemeze canke bahakane ikinaka vyaranguwe hakwirikijwe amategeko n’ugutangaza ivyavuye mu matora ;
    - kwakira indahiro y’Umukuru w’Igihugu, iy’Icegera c’Umukuru w’Igihugu, iy’Umushikiranganji wa Mbere n’iz’abandi bashikiranganji imbere y’uko batangura kurangura amabanga bajejwe;
    - kwemeza ko igihugu kitagifise umukuru w’Igihugu;
    - Kwemeza ko intebe z’abashingamateka n’abakenguzamateka zigaragara.
    Amabwirizwa yunganira Ibwirizwa Shingiro imbere y’uko atangazwa, amasezerano mpuzamakungu imbere yuko ashikirizwa Inama Nshingamateka n’Inama Nkenguzamateka ngo ziyemeze, amategeko ntunganyabikorwa atomora ingene Inama Nshingamateka n’ingene Inama Nkenguzamateka zitunganiriza imirimo yazo, ategerezwa gusuzumwa na Sentare yubahiriza Ibwirizwa Shingiro imbere y’uko atangazwa. (Ingingo ya 234)
  • French
    La Cour Constitutionnelle est compétente pour :
    - statuer sur la constitutionnalité des lois et des actes réglementaires pris dans les matières autres que celle relevant du domaine de la loi ;
    - assurer le respect de la présente Constitution y compris la Charte des Droits fondamentaux, par les organes de l’Etat, les autres institutions ;
    - interpréter la Constitution, à la demande du Président de la République, du Président de l’Assemblée Nationale, du Président du Sénat, d’un quart des députés ou d’un quart des sénateurs ;
    - statuer sur la régularité des élections présidentielles et législatives et des référendums et en proclamer les résultats définitifs ;
    - recevoir le serment du Président de la République, du Vice-Président de la République, du Premier Ministre et des autres Ministres avant leur entrée en fonctions ;
    - constater la vacance du poste de Président de la République ;
    - constater la vacance des sièges des parlementaires.
    Les lois organiques avant leur promulgation, les traités internationaux avant de les soumettre au vote des Assemblées, les règlements intérieurs de l’Assemblée Nationale et du Sénat avant leur mise en application, sont soumis obligatoirement au contrôle de constitutionnalité. (Art. 234)

Jurisdiction and Access

Somalia
  • English

    (1) Legislation that has been passed in accordance with the legislative procedure, as stipulated in this Chapter3, may be challenged only if it is alleged to contradict the Constitution.
    (2) Legislation that has been passed in accordance with the legislative procedure, as stipulated in this Chapter, may be challenged by:
    (a) All members of the Upper House of the Federal Parliament or one representative of a Federal Member State;
    (b) A third of the members of the House of the People of the Federal Parliament;
    (c) The Council of Ministers of the Federal Republic of Somalia; or
    (d) Ten thousand (10,000) or more registered voters.
    (3) Legislation that has been challenged, in accordance with Clause 1 and 2 of this Article, must be presented to, and decided upon, only by the Constitutional Court.
    … (Art. 86)

  • Somali

    (1) Sharci maray habraaca ansixinta sharciyada iyo dhaqangeliddaba waxaa lagu duri karaa oo keliya inuu ka soo horjeedo Dastuurka.
    (2) Sharci maray shuruudaha ku xusan cutubkan waxaa duri kara:
    (a) Golaha Aqalka Sare ee Baarlamaanka Federaalka, asagoo isu dhan ama ergo hal Dawladaha xubinta ka ah Dawladda Federaalka ka mid ah;
    (b) Saddax meelood meel ka mid ah xildhibaannada Golaha Shacabka Federaalka;
    (c) Golaha Wasiirrada Federaalka;
    (d) Ugu yaraan 10,000(toban kun) oo cod bixiye oo diiwaangashan.
    (3) Duridda sharci si waafaqsan faqradaha 1 iyo 2 ee qodobkan waxaa la horgeyn karaa go’aanna ka gaari karta Maxkamadda Dastuuriga ah oo keliya.
    … (Qodobka 86aad.)

Jurisdiction and Access

Bhutan
  • English

    …
    9. The Supreme Court may, on its own motion or on an application made by the Attorney General or by a party to a case, withdraw any case pending before the High Court involving a substantial question of law of general importance relating to the interpretation of this Constitution and dispose off [sic] the case itself.
    …
    18. Every person has the right to approach the courts in matters arising out of the Constitution or other laws subject to section 23 of Article 7. (Art. 21)

  • Dzongkha

    ...
    ༩) རྩ་ཁྲིམས་ཆེན་མོ་འདིའི་དོན་འགྲེལ་དང་འབྲེལ་ སྤྱིར་བཏང་གནད་འགག་ཆེ་བའི་ཁྲིམས་ཀྱི་ དོགས་གཞི་ཅིག་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་རྩོད་གཞི་གང་རུང་ཅིག་ ཆེ་མཐོ་ཁྲིམས་འདུན་ལུ་བསྣར་འགྱངས་ལུས་ཡོད་ཚེ་ མངོན་མཐོ་ཁྲིམས་འདུན་རང་གི་གྲོས་དོན་ཐོག་ལས་ ཡང་ན་ རྩོད་དཔོན་ཡོངས་ཁྱབ་དང་ རྩོད་གཞིའི་རྩ་ཕན་ཅིག་ལས་ཞུ་ཡིག་ཕུལ་ཏེ་ཕྱིར་བཏོན་ ཡང་ན་ མཇུག་བསྒྲིལ་གཏང་ཆོག།
    …
    ༡༨) མི་ངོ་ཆ་མཉམ་ལུ་ རྩ་ཚན་༧ པའི་དོན་ཚན་༢༣ པ་ལས་མ་འགལ་བར་ རྩ་ཁྲིམས་ཆེན་མོ་ ཡང་ན་ ཁྲིམས་གཞན་སོ་སོ་ལས་ཐོན་པའི་གནད་དོན་ཚུ་གི་སྐོར་ལས་ ཁྲིམས་འདུན་ལུ་བཅར་ གཏུགས་ཀྱི་ཐོབ་དབང་ཡོད། ༼རྩ་ཚན་༢༡༽

Jurisdiction and Access

Italy
  • English

    The Constitutional Court shall rule on:
    controversies on the constitutional legitimacy of laws and measures having force of law issued by the State and Regions;
    conflicts of authority between central institutions, between State and Regions, and between Regions;
    charges brought against the President of the Republic, according to the provisions of the Constitution. (Art. 134)

  • Italian

    La Corte costituzionale giudica:
    sulle controversie relative alla legittimità costituzionale delle leggi e degli atti, aventi forza di legge, dello Stato e delle Regioni;
    sui conflitti di attribuzione tra i poteri dello Stato e su quelli tra lo Stato e le Regioni, e tra le Regioni;
    sulle accuse promosse contro il Presidente della Repubblica, a norma della Costituzione. (Art. 134)

Jurisdiction and Access

Central African Republic
  • English
    The President of the Republic, the President of the National Assembly, the President of the Senate, the Prime Minister or one-quarter (1/4) of the members of each Chamber of the Parliament may refer a request for [its] opinion to the Constitutional Court. (Art. 97)
  • French
    Le Président de la République, Ie Président de l'Assemblée Nationale, Ie Président du Sénat, Ie Premier Ministre ou un quart (1/4) des membres de chaque chambre du Parlement peuvent saisir la Cour Constitutionnelle d'une demande d'avis. (Art. 97)

Jurisdiction and Access

Togo
  • English
    The Constitutional Court is the highest jurisdiction of the State in constitutional matters. It is [the] judge the constitutionality of the law and it guarantees the fundamental rights of the human person and of the public freedoms. It is the regulatory organ of the functioning of the institutions and of the activity of the public powers. (Art. 99)
  • French
    La Cour constitutionnelle est la plus haute juridiction de l'Etat en matière constitutionnelle. Elle est juge de la constitutionnalité de la loi et elle garantit les droits fondamentaux de la personne humaine et les libertés publiques. Elle est l'organe régulateur du fonctionnement des institutions et de l'activité des pouvoirs publics. (Art. 99)