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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe authority of the interpretation of the Constitution is vested with the Guardian Council, which is to be done with the consent of three-fourths of its members. (Art. 98)
- Persianتفسیر قانون اساسی به عهده شورای نگهبان است که با تصویب سه چهارم آنان انجام میشود. (اصل 98)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Constitutional Court shall have the following powers:
a) to adjudicate on the constitutionality of laws, before the promulgation thereof upon notification by the President of Romania, one of the presidents of the two Chambers, the Government, the High Court of Cassation and Justice, the Advocate of the People, a number of at least 50 deputies or at least 25 senators, as well as ex officio, on initiatives to revise the Constitution;
b) to adjudicate on the constitutionality of treaties or other international agreements, upon notification by one of the presidents of the two Chambers, a number of at least 50 deputies or at least 25 senators;
c) to adjudicate on the constitutionality of the Standing Orders of Parliament, upon notification, by the president of either Chamber, by a parliamentary group or a number of at least 50 Deputies or at least 25 Senators;
d) to decide on objections as to the unconstitutionality of laws and ordinances, brought up before courts of law or commercial arbitration; the objection as to the unconstitutionality may also be brought up directly by the Advocate of the People;
e) to solve legal disputes of a constitutional nature between public authorities, at the request of the President of Romania, one of the presidents of the two Chambers, the Prime Minister, or of the president of the Superior Council of Magistracy;
f) to guard the observance of the procedure for the election of the President of Romania and to confirm the ballot returns;
g) to ascertain the circumstances which justify the interim in the exercise of the office of President of Romania, and to report its findings to Parliament and the Government; h) to give advisory opinion on the proposal to suspend from office the President of Romania;
l) to guard the observance of the procedure for the organization and holding of a referendum, and to confirm its returns;
j) to check on compliance with the conditions for the exercise of the legislative initiative by citizens;
k) to decide on the objections of unconstitutionality of a political party;
l) to carry out also other duties stipulated by the organic law of the Court. (Art. 146) - RomanianCurtea Constituţională are următoarele atribuţii:
a) se pronunţă asupra constituţionalităţii legilor, înainte de promulgarea acestora, la sesizarea Preşedintelui României, a unuia dintre preşedinţii celor două Camere, a Guvernului, a Înaltei Curţi de Casaţie şi Justiţie, a Avocatului Poporului, a unui număr de cel puţin 50 de deputaţi sau de cel puţin 25 de senatori, precum şi, din oficiu, asupra iniţiativelor de revizuire a Constituţiei;
b) se pronunţă asupra constituţionalităţii tratatelor sau altor acorduri internaţionale, la sesizarea unuia dintre preşedinţii celor două Camere, a unui număr de cel puţin 50 de deputaţi sau de cel puţin 25 de senatori;
c) se pronunţă asupra constituţionalităţii regulamentelor Parlamentului, la sesizarea unuia dintre preşedinţii celor două Camere, a unui grup parlamentar sau a unui număr de cel puţin 50 de deputaţi sau de cel puţin 25 de senatori;
d) hotărăşte asupra excepţiilor de neconstituţionalitate privind legile şi ordonanţele, ridicate în faţa instanţelor judecătoreşti sau de arbitraj comercial; excepţia de neconstituţionalitate poate fi ridicată şi direct de Avocatul Poporului;
e) soluţionează conflictele juridice de natură constituţională dintre autorităţile publice, la cererea Preşedintelui României, a unuia dintre preşedinţii celor două Camere, a primului-ministru sau a preşedintelui Consiliului Superior al Magistraturii;
f) veghează la respectarea procedurii pentru alegerea Preşedintelui României şi confirmă rezultatele sufragiului;
g) constată existenţa împrejurărilor care justifică interimatul în exercitarea funcţiei de Preşedinte al României şi comunică cele constatate Parlamentului şi Guvernului;
h) dă aviz consultativ pentru propunerea de suspendare din funcţie a Preşedintelui României;
i) veghează la respectarea procedurii pentru organizarea şi desfăşurarea referendumului şi confirmă rezultatele acestuia;
j) verifică îndeplinirea condiţiilor pentru exercitarea iniţiativei legislative de către cetăţeni;
k) hotărăşte asupra contestaţiilor care au ca obiect constituţionalitatea unui partid politic;
l) îndeplineşte şi alte atribuţii prevăzute de legea organică a Curţii. (Art. 146)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Constitutional Court is equally competent to decide on the cases specified in the Articles 6, 53, 54, 60, 67, 86, 103 and 110 of the Constitution. (Art. 129)
- FrenchLa Cour constitutionnelle est également compétente pour statuer sur les cas prévus aux articles 6, 53, 54, 60, 67, 86, 103 et 110 de la Constitution. (Art. 129)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English(1) Where any question as to the interpretation of this Constitution arises in any court of law established for Saint Vincent (other than the Court of Appeal, the High Court or a court martial) and the court is of opinion that the question involves a substantial question of law, the court shall refer the question to the High Court.
(2) Where any question is referred to the High Court in pursuance of this section, the High Court shall give its decision upon the question and the court in which the question arose shall dispose of the case in accordance with that decision or, if the decisions is the subject of an appeal to the Court of Appeal or to Her Majesty in Council, in accordance with the decision of the Court of Appeal or, as the case may be, of Her Majesty in Council. (Sec. 97)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Yang di-Pertuan Agong may refer to the Federal Court for its opinion any question as to the effect of any provision of this Constitution which has arisen or appears to him likely to arise, and the Federal Court shall pronounce in open court its opinion on any question so referred to it. (Art. 130)
- MalayYang di-Pertuan Agong boleh merujukkan kepada Mahkamah Persekutuan untuk pendapatnya apa-apa soal tentang kesan mana-mana peruntukan Perlembagaan ini yang telah berbangkit atau yang tampak padanya mungkin berbangkit, dan Mahkamah Persekutuan hendaklah mengumumkan pendapatnya tentang apa-apa soal yang dirujukkan sedemikian kepadanya itu di dalam mahkamah terbuka. (Perkara 130)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
(1) Judges, in the performance of their function, shall be independent and, in decision making shall be bound by the Constitution, by constitutional law, by international treaty pursuant to Art. 7, paras. 2 and 5, and by law.
(2) If a Court assumes that other generally binding legal regulation, its part, or its individual provisions which concern a pending matter contradicts the Constitution, constitutional law, international treaty pursuant to Art. 7, para. 5 or law, it shall suspend the proceedings and shall submit a proposal for the commence of proceedings according to Art. 125, para. 1. Legal opinion of the Constitutional Court of the Slovak Republic contained in the decision shall be binding for the Court. (Art. 144) - Slovak
(1) Sudcovia sú pri výkone svojej funkcie nezávislí a pri rozhodovaní sú viazaní ústavou, ústavným zákonom, medzinárodnou zmluvou podľa čl. 7 ods. 2 a 5 a zákonom.
(2) Ak sa súd domnieva, ţe iný všeobecne záväzný právny predpis, jeho časť alebo jeho jednotlivé ustanovenie, ktoré sa týka prejednávanej veci, odporuje ústave, ústavnému zákonu, medzinárodnej zmluve podľa čl. 7 ods. 5 alebo zákonu, konanie preruší a podá návrh na začatie konania na základe čl. 125 ods. 1. Právny názor ústavného súdu obsiahnutý v rozhodnutí je pre súd záväzný. (Čl. 144)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English1. The Constitutional Court shall have jurisdiction to hear appeals against any of the following court decisions:
a) Refusing to apply a legal rule on the grounds of its unconstitutionality;
b) Applying rules whose constitutionality may have been challenged during the proceedings.
2. The Constitutional Court shall also have jurisdiction to hear appeals against any of the following court decisions:
a) Refusing to apply the legal rule of a regional law on the grounds of its illegality by infringement of a law of superior force;
b) Refusing to apply the legal rule of a regional legislative on the grounds of its illegality by infringement of the Political and Administrative Statute of the Autonomous Region of Príncipe or of the general law of the Republic;
c) Refusing to apply the legal rule of a law emanating from a sovereign body on the grounds of illegality by infringement of the Political and Administrative Statute of the Autonomous Region of Príncipe;
d) Applying a rule, whose legality has been challenged during the proceedings on any of the grounds specified in subparagraphs a), b) and c).
3. If a rule, whose application has been refused, consists of an international convention, of a legislative act or of a regulatory decree, the appeals contemplated in subparagraph a) of paragraph 1 and paragraph a) of paragraph 2 of this article are required for public prosecution.
4. The appeals contemplated in subparagraphs b) and d) of paragraph 2 may be instituted only by the party who has challenged the unconstitutionality or illegality, and the law shall regulate the rules on admissibility of these appeals.
5. The Constitutional Court, mandatorily the Public Prosecutor’s Office, shall also have jurisdiction to hear appeals against the decisions of courts that apply a law previously judged unconstitutional or illegal by the Constitutional Court itself.
6. Appeals to the Constitutional Court shall be restricted to the question of unconstitutionality or of illegality, in conformance with the cases. (Art. 149) - Portuguese1. Cabe recurso para o Tribunal Constitucional das decisões dos tribunais:
a) Que recusem a aplicação de qualquer norma com fundamento na sua inconstitucionalidade;
b) Que apliquem norma cuja a inconstitucionalidade haja sido suscitada durante o processo.
2. Cabe igualmente recurso para o Tribunal Constitucional das decisões dos tribunais:
a) Que recusem a aplicação de norma constante de acto legislativo com fundamento na sua ilegalidade por violação de lei com valor reforçado;
b) Que recusem a aplicação de norma constante de diploma regional com fundamento na sua ilegalidade por violação do Estatuto Político-Administrativo da Região Autónoma do Príncipe ou de lei geral da República;
c) Que recusem a aplicação de norma constante de diploma emanado de um órgão de soberania com fundamento na ilegalidade por violação do Estatuto Político-Administrativo da Região Autónoma do Príncipe;
d) Que apliquem norma cuja ilegalidade haja sido suscitada durante o processo com qualquer dos fundamentos referidos nas alíneas a), b) e c).
3. Quando a norma cuja aplicação tiver sido recusada constar de convenção internacional, de acto legislativo ou de decreto regulamentar, os recursos previstos na alínea a) do número 1 e na alínea a) do número 2 deste artigo são obrigatórios para o Ministério Público.
4. Os recursos previstos nas alíneas b) e d) do número 2 só podem ser interpostos, pela parte que haja suscitado a questão da inconstitucionalidade ou da ilegalidade, devendo a lei regular o regime de admissão desses recursos.
5. Cabe ainda recurso para o Tribunal Constitucional, obrigatório para o Ministério Público, das decisões dos tribunais que apliquem norma anteriormente julgada inconstitucional ou ilegal pelo próprio Tribunal Constitucional.
6. Os recursos para o Tribunal Constitucional são restritos à questão da inconstitucionalidade ou da ilegalidade, conforme os casos. (Art. 149)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Constitutional Court shall, in the manner stipulated by the Law on the Constitutional Court:
1) Determine the conformity with the Constitution of laws, decisions of the National Assembly, orders and decrees of the President of the Republic, decisions of the Government and the Prime Minister, and sub-legislative normative legal acts;
2) Prior to the adoption of the draft Constitutional Amendments, as well as drafts of legal acts put to a referendum, determine their conformity with the Constitution;
3) Prior to the ratification of an international treaty, determine the conformity with the Constitution of obligations enshrined therein;
4) Resolve disputes arising between constitutional bodies with respect to their constitutional powers;
5) Resolve disputes related to decisions adopted with respect to the results of a referendum or the results of elections of the National Assembly and the President of the Republic;
6) Render a decision on termination of the powers of a parliamentarian;
7) Issue an opinion on the existence of a ground for impeaching the President of the Republic;
8) Render a decision on the impossibility for the President of the Republic to discharge his powers;
9) Solve the question of imposing disciplinary liability on a judge of the Constitutional Court;
10) Solve the question of terminating the powers of a judge of the Constitutional Court,
11) Solve the question on initiating criminal prosecution against a judge of the Constitutional Court or consenting to depriving him of liberty with respect to the performance of his duties; and
12) In cases stipulated by law, render a decision on suspending or prohibiting the activities of a party. (Art. 168) - ArmenianՍահմանադրական դատարանը Սահմանադրական դատարանի մասին օրենքով սահմանված կարգով՝
1) որոշում է օրենքների, Ազգային ժողովի որոշումների, Հանրապետության նախագահի հրամանագրերի և կարգադրությունների, Կառավարության և վարչապետի որոշումների, ենթաօրենսդրական նորմատիվ իրավական ակտերի համապատասխանությունը Սահմանադրությանը.
2) մինչև Սահմանադրության փոփոխությունների նախագծի, ինչպես նաև հանրաքվեի դրվող իրավական ակտերի նախագծերի ընդունումը որոշում է դրանց համապատասխանությունը Սահմանադրությանը.
3) մինչև միջազգային պայմանագրի վավերացումը որոշում է դրանում ամրագրված պարտավորությունների համապատասխանությունը Սահմանադրությանը.
4) լուծում է սահմանադրական մարմինների միջև նրանց սահմանադրական լիազորությունների առնչությամբ առաջացող վեճերը.
5) լուծում է հանրաքվեի, Ազգային ժողովի և Հանրապետության նախագահի ընտրությունների արդյունքներով ընդունված որոշումների հետ կապված վեճերը.
6) որոշում է կայացնում պատգամավորի լիազորությունները դադարեցնելու հարցի վերաբերյալ.
7) եզրակացություն է տալիս Հանրապետության նախագահին պաշտոնանկ անելու հիմքերի առկայության մասին.
8) որոշում է կայացնում Հանրապետության նախագահի լիազորությունների կատարման անհնարինության մասին.
9) լուծում է Սահմանադրական դատարանի դատավորին կարգապահական պատասխանատվության ենթարկելու հարցը.
10) լուծում է Սահմանադրական դատարանի դատավորի լիազորությունները դադարեցնելու հարցը.
11) լուծում է իր լիազորությունների իրականացման կապակցությամբ Սահմանադրական դատարանի դատավորի նկատմամբ քրեական հետապնդում հարուցելու կամ նրան ազատությունից զրկելու վերաբերյալ համաձայնություն տալու հարցը.
12) օրենքով սահմանված դեպքերում որոշում է կայացնում կուսակցության գործունեությունը կասեցնելու կամ արգելելու վերաբերյալ։ (Հոդված 168)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English1. A High Constitutional Court shall be established by law to consider:
a. The constitutionality of laws, regulations, and other enacted rules.
b. The interpretation of the Basic Law and legislation.
c. Settlement of jurisdictional disputes which might arise between judicial entities and administrative entities having judicial jurisdiction.
... (Art. 103) - Arabicتشكل محكمة دستورية عليا بقانون، وتتولى النظر في:
أ- دستورية القوانين واللوائح أو النظم وغيرها.
ب- تفسير نصوص القانون الأساسي والتّشريعات.
ج- الفصل في تنازع الاختصاص بين الجهات القضائية وبين الجهات الإدارية ذات الاختصاص القضائي.
… (المادّة 103)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Parliament may make laws conferring original jurisdiction on the High Court in any matter:
(i) arising under this Constitution, or involving its interpretation;
… (Sec. 76)