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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.

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Jurisdiction and Access

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
  • English
    The Constitutional Court is the judge of the exceptions of unconstitutionality raised before or by a jurisdiction.
    Any person may refer the Constitution Court to [a matter concerning] the unconstitutionality of any legislative or regulatory act.
    In addition, he may refer the Constitutional Court to [a matter], by the procedure of the exception of unconstitutionality invoked in a matter concerning him before a jurisdiction.
    That [jurisdiction] stays [its] decision and refers the Constitutional Court to [it], all [other] matters ceasing. (Art. 162)
  • French
    La Cour constitutionnelle est juge de l’exception d’inconstitutionnalité soulevée devant ou par une juridiction.
    Toute personne peut saisir la Cour constitutionnelle pour inconstitutionnalité de tout acte législatif ou réglementaire.
    Elle peut, en outre, saisir la Cour constitutionnelle, par la procédure de l’exception de l’inconstitutionnalité invoquée dans une affaire qui la concerne devant une juridiction.
    Celle-ci sursoit à statuer et saisit, toutes affaires cessantes, la Cour constitutionnelle. (Art. 162)

Jurisdiction and Access

Serbia
  • English

    The Constitutional Court shall decide on:
    1. compliance of laws and other general acts with the Constitution, generally accepted rules of the international law and ratified international treaties,
    2. compliance of ratified international treaties with the Constitution,
    3. compliance of other general acts with the Law,
    4. compliance of the Statute and general acts of autonomous provinces and local self-government units with the Constitution and the Law,
    5. compliance of general acts of organizations with delegated public powers, political parties, trade unions, civic associations and collective agreements with the Constitution and the Law.
    The Constitutional Court shall:
    1. decide on the conflict of jurisdictions between courts and state bodies,
    2. decide on the conflict of jurisdictions between republic and provincial bodies or bodies of local self-government units,
    3. decide on the conflict of jurisdictions between provincial bodies and bodies of local self-government units,
    4. decide on the conflict of jurisdictions between bodies of different autonomous provinces or bodies of different local self-government units,
    5. decide on electoral disputes for which the court jurisdiction has not been specified by the Law,
    6. perform other duties stipulated by the Constitution and the Law.
    The Constitutional Court shall decide on the banning of a political party, trade union organization or civic association.
    The Constitutional Court shall perform other duties stipulated by the Constitution.3 (Art. 167)

  • Serbian Cyrillic

    Уставни суд одлучује о:
    1. сагласности закона и других општих аката са Уставом, општеприхваћеним правилима међународног права и потврђеним међународним уговорима,
    2. сагласности потврђених међународних уговора са Уставом,
    3. сагласности других општих аката са законом,
    4. сагласности статута и општих аката аутономних покрајина и јединица локалне самоуправе са Уставом и законом,
    5. сагласности општих аката организација којима су поверена јавна овлашћења, политичких странака, синдиката, удружења грађана и колективних уговора са Уставом и законом.
    Уставни суд:
    1. решава сукоб надлежности између судова и других државних органа,
    2. решава сукоб надлежности између републичких органа и покрајинских органа или органа јединица локалне самоуправе,
    3. решава сукоб надлежности између покрајинских органа и органа јединица локалне самоуправе,
    4. решава сукоб надлежности између органа различитих аутономних покрајина или различитих јединица локалне самоуправе,
    5. одлучује о изборним споровима за које законом није одређена надлежност судова,
    6. врши и друге послове одређене Уставом и законом.
    Уставни суд одлучује о забрани рада политичке странке, синдикалне организације или удружења грађана.
    Уставни суд обавља и друге послове предвиђене Уставом. (Члан 167)

Jurisdiction and Access

Costa Rica
  • English
    It will correspond to a specialized Chamber of the Supreme Court of Justice to declare, by absolute majority of its members, the unconstitutionality of the norms of any nature and of the acts subject to the Public Law. The jurisdictional acts of the Judicial Power, the declaration of election made by the Supreme Tribunal of Elections and the others determined by the law[,] will not be impugnable by this way.
    It will also correspond to it:
    a. To settle the conflicts of competence between the powers of the State, the Supreme Tribunal of Elections included, as well as with the other entities or organs that the law indicates.
    b. To take cognizance of the consultations on bills of constitutional reform, of approval of international agreements or treaties and of other bills of law, as provided in the law. (Art. 10)
  • Spanish
    Corresponderá a una Sala especializada de la Corte Suprema de Justicia declarar, por mayoría absoluta de sus miembros, la inconstitucionalidad de las normas de cualquier naturaleza y de los actos sujetos al Derecho Público. No serán impugnables en esta vía los actos jurisdiccionales del Poder Judicial, la declaratoria de elección que haga el Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones y los demás que determine la ley.
    Le corresponderá además:
    a) Dirimir los conflictos de competencia entre los poderes del Estado, incluido el Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones, así como con las demás entidades y órganos que indique la ley.
    b) Conocer de las consultas sobre proyectos de reforma constitucional, de aprobación de convenios o tratados internacionales y de otros proyectos de ley, según se disponga en la ley. (Art. 10)

Jurisdiction and Access

Mongolia
  • English

    1. The Constitutional court shall examine and settle constitutional disputes on its own initiative on the basis of petitions and information received from citizens or at the request of the State Great Khural, the President, the Prime Minister, the Supreme Court and the Prosecutor General.
    2. The Constitutional court in accordance with Paragraph 1 of this Article shall make and submit conclusion to the State Great Khural on the following issues under a dispute:
    1/ whether laws, decrees and other decisions of the State Great Khural and the President, as well as Government decisions and international treaties to which Mongolia is a party are in conformity with the Constitution or not;
    …
    3/ whether the President, Speaker and members of the State Great Khural, the Prime Minister, members of the Government, the Chief Justice of the Supreme court, and the Prosecutor General breached the law or not;
    …
    3. If a conclusion submitted in accordance with sub-paragraph 1 and 2 of Paragraph 2 of this Article is not accepted by the State Great Khural, the Constitutional court shall re-examine it and make final judgement.
    … (Art. 66)

  • Mongolian

    1. Үндсэн хуулийн цэц нь Үндсэн хуулийг зөрчсөн тухай маргааныг иргэдийн өргөдөл, мэдээллийн дагуу өөрийн санаачилгаар буюу Улсын Их Хурал, Ерөнхийлөгч, Ерөнхий сайд, Улсын дээд шүүх, Улсын ерөнхий прокурорын хүсэлтээр хянан шийдвэрлэнэ.
    2. Үндсэн хуулийн цэц энэ зүйлийн 1 дэх хэсэгт заасан үндэслэлээр дараахь маргаантай асуудлаар дүгнэлт гаргаж Улсын Их Хуралд оруулна:
    1) хууль, зарлиг, Улсын Их Хурал, Ерөнхийлөгчийн бусад шийдвэр, түүнчлэн Засгийн газрын шийдвэр, Монгол Улсын олон улсын гэрээ Үндсэн хуульд нийцэж байгаа эсэх;
    …
    3) Ерөнхийлөгч, Улсын Их Хурлын дарга, гишүүн, Ерөнхий сайд, Засгийн газрын гишүүн, Улсын дээд шүүхийн Ерөнхий шүүгч, Улсын ерөнхий прокурор Үндсэн хууль зөрчсөн эсэх;
    …
    3. Энэ зүйлийн 2 дахь хэсгийн 1, 2-т заасны дагуу оруулсан дүгнэлтийг Улсын Их Хурал хүлээн зөвшөөрөөгүй бол Үндсэн хуулийн цэц дахин хянан үзэж эцсийн шийдвэр гаргана.
    … (Жаран зургадугаар зүйл)

Jurisdiction and Access

Gabon
  • English

    The organic laws and the ordinances concerning the domain arising from the organic law are submitted by the Prime Minister to the Constitutional Court before their promulgation or their publication.The other categories of law, the ordinances as well as the regulatory acts that supposedly infringe the fundamental rights of the human person and the public freedoms may be deferred to the Constitutional Court, either by the President of the Republic, or by the Prime Minister, or by the Presidents of the Chambers of Parliament or one-tenth (1/10) of the members of each Chamber, or by the Presidents of the Court of Cassation, of the Council of State and of the Court of Accounts, or by any citizen or any juridical person prejudiced by the law or the ordinance contested.
    … (Art. 85)

  • French

    Les lois organiques et les ordonnances portant sur le domaine relevant de la loi organique sont soumises par le Premier Ministre à la Cour Constitutionnelle avant leur promulgation ou leur publication.
    Les autres catégories de loi, les ordonnances ainsi que les actes réglementaires censés porter atteinte aux droits fondamentaux de la personne humaine et aux libertés publiques peuvent être déférés à la Cour Constitutionnelle, soit par le Président de la République, soit par le Premier Ministre, soit par les Présidents des Chambres du Parlement ou un dixième (1/10e) des membres de chaque Chambre, soit par les Présidents de la Cour de Cassation, du Conseil d’Etat et de la Cour des Comptes, soit par tout citoyen ou toute personne morale lésée par la loi, l’ordonnance ou l’acte réglementaire querellé.
    ... (Art. 85)

Jurisdiction and Access

Spain
  • English
    (1) The following are entitled to:
    a) Lodge an appeal of unconstitutionality: the President of the Government, the Defender of the People, fifty Members of Congress, fifty Senators, the Executive body of a Autonomous Community and, where applicable, its Assembly.
    b) Lodge an individual appeal for protection (recurso de amparo): any individual or body corporate with a legitimate interest, as well as the Defender of the People and the Public Prosecutor's Office.
    (2) In all other cases, the organic act shall determine which persons and bodies shall have right of appeal to the Court. (Sec. 162)
  • Spanish
    1. Están legitimados:
    a) Para interponer el recurso de inconstitucionalidad, el Presidente del Gobierno, el Defensor del Pueblo, 50 Diputados, 50 Senadores, los órganos colegiados ejecutivos de las Comunidades Autónomas y, en su caso, las Asambleas de las mismas.
    b) Para interponer el recurso de amparo, toda persona natural o jurídica que invoque un interés legítimo, así como el Defensor del Pueblo y el Ministerio Fiscal.
    2. En los demás casos, la ley orgánica determinará las personas y órganos legitimados. (Art. 162)

Jurisdiction and Access

Ecuador
  • English
    The Constitutional Court shall perform the following duties, in addition to those granted to it by the law:
    1. To be the supreme body for interpreting the Constitution and international human rights treaties ratified by the Ecuadorian State by its rulings and judgments. Its decisions shall be binding.
    2. To hear and resolve public claims of unconstitutionality, based either on substantive or procedural grounds, filed against general regulatory acts issued by authorities of the State. The declaration of unconstitutionality shall lead to invalidation of the challenged regulatory act.
    3. To declare, by virtue of its office, unconstitutional those norms that are related, when in those cases submitted to its examination it concludes that one or various of them are contrary to the Constitution.
    4. To hear and resolve, at the request of a party, claims of unconstitutionality against general administrative acts issued by all public authorities. The declaration of unconstitutionality shall lead to the invalidity of the challenged administrative act.
    5. To hear and resolve, at the request of the party, claims of noncompliance that are filed to guarantee enforcement of general administrative regulations or acts, regardless of their nature or hierarchy, as well for enforcement of rulings or reports from international organizations for the protection of human rights that are not enforceable through regular judiciary channels.
    6. To issue judgments that constitute binding case law with respect to actions of protection, enforcement, habeas corpus, habeas data, access to public information and other constitutional processes, as well as those cases selected by the Court for review.
    7. To arbitrate conflicts of jurisdictions or attributions among the branches of government or bodies established by the Constitution.
    8. To ensure, by virtue of its office and immediately, monitoring of the constitutionality of the declarations of state of emergency, when this involves the suspension of constitutional rights.
    9. To hear and sanction failure to comply constitutional rulings and decisions.
    10. To declare the unconstitutionality incurred by State institutions or public authorities that fail to observe, either totally or partially, the mandates contained in constitutional norms, within the time-limits set by the Constitution or within the time-limits deemed to be reasonable by the Constitutional Court. If this failure persists, after this time-limit has elapsed, the Court shall provisionally issue the regulation or enforce the observance, in accordance with the law. (Art. 436)
  • Spanish
    La Corte Constitucional ejercerá, además de las que le confiera la ley, las siguientes atribuciones:
    1. Ser la máxima instancia de interpretación de la Constitución, de los tratados internacionales de derechos humanos ratificados por el Estado ecuatoriano, a través de sus dictámenes y sentencias. Sus decisiones tendrán carácter vinculante.
    2. Conocer y resolver las acciones públicas de inconstitucionalidad, por el fondo o por la forma, contra actos normativos de carácter general emitidos por órganos autoridades del Estado.
    La declaratoria de inconstitucionalidad tendrá como efecto la invalidez del acto normativo impugnado.
    3. Declarar de oficio la inconstitucionalidad de normas conexas, cuando en los casos sometidos a su conocimiento concluya que una o varias de ellas son contrarias a la Constitución.
    4. Conocer y resolver, a petición de parte, la inconstitucionalidad contra los actos administrativos con efectos generales emitidos por toda autoridad pública. La declaratoria de inconstitucionalidad tendrá como efecto la invalidez del acto administrativo.
    5. Conocer y resolver, a petición de parte, las acciones por incumplimiento que se presenten con la finalidad de garantizar la aplicación de normas o actos administrativos de carácter general, cualquiera que sea su naturaleza o jerarquía, así como para el cumplimiento de sentencias o informes de organismos internacionales de protección de derechos humanos que no sean ejecutables por las vías judiciales ordinarias.
    6. Expedir sentencias que constituyan jurisprudencia vinculante respecto de las acciones de protección, cumplimiento, hábeas corpus, hábeas data, acceso a la información pública y demás procesos constitucionales, así como los casos seleccionados por la Corte para su revisión.
    7. Dirimir conflictos de competencias o de atribuciones entre funciones del Estado u órganos establecidos en la Constitución.
    8. Efectuar de oficio y de modo inmediato el control de constitucionalidad de las declaratorias de los estados de excepción, cuando impliquen la suspensión de derechos constitucionales.
    9. Conocer y sancionar el incumplimiento de las sentencias y dictámenes constitucionales.
    10. Declarar la inconstitucionalidad en que incurran las instituciones del Estado o autoridades públicas que por omisión inobserven, en forma total o parcial, los mandatos contenidos en normas constitucionales, dentro del plazo establecido en la Constitución o en el plazo considerado razonable por la Corte Constitucional. Si transcurrido el plazo la omisión persiste, la Corte, de manera provisional, expedirá la norma o ejecutará el acto omitido, de acuerdo con la ley. (Art. 436)

Jurisdiction and Access

Sri Lanka
  • English

    Every person shall be entitled to apply to the Supreme Court, as provided by Article 1263, in respect of the infringement or imminent infringement, by executive or administrative action, of a fundamental right to which such person is entitled under the provisions of this Chapter4. (Art. 17)

  • Sinhala

    මේ පරිච්ඡේදයේ විධිවිධාන යටතේ යම් තැනැත්තකුට හිමි වන යම් මූලික අයිතිවාසිකමක් යම් විධායක හෝ පරිපාලනමය ක්‍රියාවක් මගින් උල්ලංඝනය කර තිබීම හෝ උල්ලංඝනය කිරීමට අත්‍යාසන්නව තිබීම හෝ සම්බන්ධයෙන් 126 වැනි ව්‍යවස්ථාවේ විධිවිධාන සලසා ඇති පරිදි ශ්‍රේෂ්ඨාධිකරණයට ඉල්ලීමක් කිරීමට ඒ තැනැත්තාට හිමිකම් ඇත්තේ ය. (17 වැනි වගන්තිය)

Jurisdiction and Access

Kenya
  • English
    ...
    (4) Appeals shall lie from the Court of Appeal to the Supreme Court—
    (a) as of right in any case involving the interpretation or application of this Constitution;
    (b) in any other case in which the Supreme Court, or the Court of Appeal, certifies that a matter of general public importance is involved, subject to clause (5).
    … (Art. 163)
  • Swahili
    ...
    (4) Rufaa itakatwa kutoka Mahakama ya Rufaa kwenda Mahakama Kuu-
    (a) kama ilivyo kwa haki katika kesi yoyote inayohusisha ufafanuzi au matumizi ya Katiba hii;
    (b) katika kesi nyingine yoyote ambayo Mahakama Kuu, au Mahakama ya Rufaa, inathibitisha kwamba suala la umuhimu kwa umma linahusika, kwa kuzingatia ibara ya (5).
    … (Kifungu cha 163)

Jurisdiction and Access

Kiribati
  • English
    1. The High Court shall have jurisdiction to supervise any civil or criminal proceedings before any subordinate court and may make such orders, issue such writs and give such directions as it may consider appropriate for the purpose of ensuring that justice is duly administered by any such court.
    2. Where any question as to the interpretation of any provision of this Constitution (other than Chapter II) arises in any subordinate court and the court is of the opinion that the question involves a substantial question of law, the court shall refer the question to the High Court.
    3. Where any question is referred to the High Court under the preceding subsection, the High Court shall give its decision upon the question and the court in which the question arose shall dispose of the case in accordance with that decision or, if that decision is the subject of an appeal to the Court of Appeal or to the Judicial Committee, in accordance with the decision of the Court of Appeal or the Judicial Committee. (Sec. 89)