SEARCH DATABASE
The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Education
- EnglishIt shall be the duty of every citizen of India—
…
(k) who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child or, as the case may be, ward between the age of six and fourteen years. (Art. 51A) - Hindiभारत के प्रत्येक नागरिक का यह कर्तव्य होगा कि वह—
…
(ट) यदि माता-पिता या संरक्षक है, छह वर्ष से चौदह वर्ष तक की आयु वाले अपने, यथास्थिति, बालक या प्रतिपाल्य के लिए शिक्षा के अवसर प्रदान करे। (अनुच्छेद 51क)
Education
- English…
II. The right of mothers and fathers to choose the education they prefer for their sons and daughters is respected. (Art. 88) - Spanish…
II. Se respeta el derecho de las madres y padres a elegir la educación que convenga para sus hijas e hijos. (Art. 88)
Education
- English1. Everyone shall have the right to education.
2. General access and free pre-school, secondary and secondary vocational education in State and municipal educational institutions and at enterprises shall be guaranteed.
3. Everyone shall have the right to receive on a competitive basis free higher education in State and municipal educational institutions and at enterprises.
4. Basic general education shall be compulsory. Parents or guardians shall ensure that children receive a basic general education.‘
’ 5. The Russian Federation shall establish federal State educational standards and shall support various forms of education and self-education. (Art. 43) - Russian1. Каждый имеет право на образование.
2. Гарантируются общедоступность и бесплатность дошкольного, основного общего и среднего профессионального образования в государственных или муниципальных образовательных учреждениях и на предприятиях.
3. Каждый вправе на конкурсной основе бесплатно получить высшее образование в государственном или муниципальном образовательном учреждении и на предприятии.
4. Основное общее образование обязательно. Родители или лица, их заменяющие, обеспечивают получение детьми основного общего образования.
5. Российская Федерация устанавливает федеральные государственные образовательные стандарты, поддерживает различные формы образования и самообразования. (Статья 43)
Education
- EnglishThe State shall develop universal compulsory twelve-year education which includes compulsory one-year preschool education at a high level in accordance with the trend of modern science and technology and the practical requirements of socialist construction. (Art. 45)
- Korean국가는 1년동안의 학교전의무교육을 포함한 전반적12년제의무교육을 현대과학기술발전추세와 사회주의건설의 현실적요구에 맞게 높은 수준에서 발전시킨다. (제45조)
Education
- EnglishIn and for each Province the Legislature may exclusively make Laws in relation to Education, subject and according to the following Provisions:
(1) Nothing in any such Law shall prejudicially affect any Right or Privilege with respect to Denominational Schools which any Class of Persons have by Law in the Province at the Union;
… (Constitution Act 1867, Sec. 93) - FrenchDans chaque province, la législature pourra exclusivement décréter des lois relatives à l’éducation, sujettes et conformes aux dispositions suivantes:
(1) Rien dans ces lois ne devra préjudicier à aucun droit ou privilège conféré, lors de l’union, par la loi à aucune classe particulière de personnes dans la province, relativement aux écoles séparées (denominational);
… (Loi constitutionnelle de 1867, Sec. 93)
Education
- English1 The Cantons are responsible for the system of school education.
2 They shall ensure the provision of an adequate basic education that is available to all children. Basic education is mandatory and is managed or supervised by the state. At state schools it is free of charge.
3 The Cantons shall ensure that adequate special needs education is provided to all children and young people with disabilities up to the age of 20.
4 Where harmonisation of school education is not achieved by means of coordination in the areas of school entry age and compulsory school attendance, the duration and objectives of levels of education, and the transition for one level to another, as well as the recognition of qualifications, the Confederation shall issue regulations to achieve such harmonisation.
…
6 The Cantons shall participate in the drafting of federal legislation on school education that affects cantonal responsibilities, and special account shall be taken of their opinions. (Art. 62) - French1 L’instruction publique est du ressort des cantons.
2 Les cantons pourvoient à un enseignement de base suffisant ouvert à tous les enfants. Cet enseignement est obligatoire et placé sous la direction ou la surveillance des autorités publiques. Il est gratuit dans les écoles publiques.
3 Les cantons pourvoient à une formation spéciale suffisante pour les enfants et adolescents handicapés, au plus tard jusqu’à leur 20e anniversaire.
4 Si les efforts de coordination n’aboutissent pas à une harmonisation de l’instruction publique concernant la scolarité obligatoire, l’âge de l’entrée à l’école, la durée et les objectifs des niveaux d’enseignement et le passage de l’un à l’autre, ainsi que la reconnaissance des diplômes, la Confédération légifère dans la mesure nécessaire.
…
6 Les cantons sont associés à la préparation des actes de la Confédération qui affectent leurs compétences; leur avis revêt un poids particulier. (Art. 62) - German1 Für das Schulwesen sind die Kantone zuständig.
2 Sie sorgen für einen ausreichenden Grundschulunterricht, der allen Kindern offen steht. Der Grundschulunterricht ist obligatorisch und untersteht staatlicher Leitung oder Aufsicht. An öffentlichen Schulen ist er unentgeltlich.
3 Die Kantone sorgen für eine ausreichende Sonderschulung aller behinderten Kinder und Jugendlichen bis längstens zum vollendeten 20. Altersjahr.
4 Kommt auf dem Koordinationsweg keine Harmonisierung des Schulwesens im Bereich des Schuleintrittsalters und der Schulpflicht, der Dauer und Ziele der Bildungsstufen und von deren Übergängen sowie der Anerkennung von Abschlüssen zustande, so erlässt der Bund die notwendigen Vorschriften.
…
6 Bei der Vorbereitung von Erlassen des Bundes, welche die Zuständigkeit der Kantone betreffen, kommt der Mitwirkung der Kantone besonderes Gewicht zu. (Art. 62) - Italian1 Il settore scolastico compete ai Cantoni.
2 I Cantoni provvedono a una sufficiente istruzione scolastica di base, accessibile a tutti i giovani. L’istruzione di base è obbligatoria e sottostà alla direzione o vigilanza dello Stato. Nelle scuole pubbliche è gratuita.
3 I Cantoni provvedono altresì a una sufficiente istruzione scolastica speciale per tutti i fanciulli e giovani disabili, fino al massimo al compimento del ventesimo anno di età.
4 Se gli sforzi di coordinamento non sfociano in un’armonizzazione del settore scolastico per quanto riguarda l’età d’inizio della scolarità e la scuola dell’obbligo, la durata e gli obiettivi delle fasi della formazione e il passaggio dall’una all’altra fase, nonché il riconoscimento dei diplomi, la Confederazione emana le norme necessarie.
…
6 È attribuita particolare importanza alla partecipazione dei Cantoni all’elaborazione degli atti legislativi federali che concernono le loro competenze. (Art. 62)
Education
- English…
13. Education, including—
(a) elementary, secondary, and university education; vocational and technical education;...
… (Ninth Schedule , Legislative Lists, List I—Federal List, [Articles 74, 77]) - Malay…
13. Pendidikan, termasuk—
(a) Pendidikan rendah, menengah dan universiti; pendidikan vokasional dan teknik; …
... (Jadual Kesembilan , Senarai Perundangan, Senarai I—Senarai Persekutuan, [Perkara 74, 77])
Education
- EnglishEducation shall be for general welfare of the public and shall not be at the service of individual and corporate interests. Universal access, permanence, mobility and graduation without any discrimination shall be guaranteed, as well compulsory attendance of initial schooling, basic education and secondary education or their equivalent.
…
Public education shall be universal and secular at all levels and shall be free of charge up to and including the third level of higher education [post-secondary undergraduate schooling]. (Art. 28) - SpanishLa educación responderá al interés público y no estará al servicio de intereses individuales y corporativos. Se garantizará el acceso universal, permanencia, movilidad y egreso sin discriminación alguna y la obligatoriedad en el nivel inicial, básico y bachillerato o su equivalente.
…
La educación pública será universal y laica en todos sus niveles, y gratuita hasta el tercer nivel de educación superior inclusive. (Art. 28)
Education
- English
(1) The Federation has powers of legislation and execution in the following matters:
...
11. ... compulsory education or training for juveniles;
...
12a. matters pertaining to universities and tertiary-level education institutions as well as education regarding student hostels in these matters;
... (Art. 10) - German
(1) Bundessache ist die Gesetzgebung und die Vollziehung in folgenden Angelegenheiten:
...
11. ... Ausbildungspflicht für Jugendliche;
...
12a. Universitäts- und Hochschulwesen sowie das Erziehungswesen betreffend Studentenheime in diesen Angelegenheiten;
... (Art. 10)
Education
- EnglishThe State shall:
(1) Establish, maintain, and support a complete, adequate, and integrated system of education relevant to the needs of the people and society;
(2) Establish and maintain a system of free public education in the elementary and high school levels. Without limiting the natural right of parents to rear their children, elementary education is compulsory for all children of school age;
(3) Establish and maintain a system of scholarship grants, student loan programs, subsidies, and other incentives which shall be available to deserving students in both public and private schools, especially to the underprivileged;(4) Encourage non-formal, informal, and indigenous learning systems, as well as self-learning, independent, and out-of-school study programs particularly those that respond to community needs; and
(5) Provide adult citizens, the disabled, and out-of-school youth with training in civics, vocational efficiency, and other skills. (Art. XIV, Sec. 2) - FilipinoAng Estado ay dapat:
(1) Magtatag, magpanatili, at magtustos ng isang kumpleto, sapat at pinag-isang sistema ng edukasyong naaangkop sa mga pangagailangan ng sambayanan at lipunan;
(2) Magtatag at magpanatili ng isang sistema ng libreng pambayang edukasyon sa elementarya at hayskul. Hindi bilang pagtatakda sa likas na karapatan ng mga magulang sa pagaaruga ng kanilang mga anak, ang edukasyong elementarya ay sapilitan sa lahat ng mga batang nasa edad ng pag-aaral.
(3) Magtatag at magpanatili ng isang sistema ng mga kaloob ng iskolarsip, mga programang pautang sa estudyante, mga tulong na salapi, at iba pang mga insentibo na dapat ibigay sa karapat-dapat na mga estudyante sa mga paaaralang publiko at pribado, lalo na sa mga kulang-palad;
(4) Pasiglahin ang di-pormal, impormal, at katutubong mga sistema ng pagkatuto, at gayon din ang mga programang pagkatuto sa sarili, sarilinang pag-aaral at pag-aaral sa labas ng paaralan lalo na yaong tumutugon sa mga pangangailangan ng pamayanan; at
(5) Mag-ukol sa mga mamamayang may sapat na gulang, may kapansanan, at kabataang nasa labas ng paaralan ng pagsasanay sa sibika, kahusayang bokasyonal, at iba pang mga kasanayan. (Art. XIV, Seksyon 2)