SEARCH DATABASE
The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Employment Rights and Protection
- EnglishEvery Kuwaiti shall have the right to work and to choose the nature of his occupation.
Work is the duty of every citizen. Dignity requires it and the public welfare ordains it. The State shall make work available to citizens and shall see to the equity of its conditions. (Art. 41) - Arabicلكل كويتي الحق في العمل وفي اختيار نوعه.
والعمل واجب على كل مواطن تقتضيه الكرامة ويستوجبه الخير العام، وتقوم الدولة على توفيره للمواطنين وعلى عدالة شروطه. (المادّة 41)
Employment Rights and Protection
- English(1) The right to work shall not be restricted. Everyone has a free choice of his/her profession, trade or occupation, as well as work place.
(2) All employees have the right to measures of social protection. These concern employees' safety and health, working conditions for women and young people, the setting up of a minimum gross salary per economy, weekends, paid rest leave, work performed under difficult and special conditions, as well as other specific conditions, as stipulated by the law.
(3) The normal duration of a working day is of maximum eight hours, on the average.
(4) On equal work with men, women shall get equal wages.
… (Art. 41) - Romanian(1) Dreptul la muncă nu poate fi îngrădit. Alegerea profesiei, a meseriei sau a ocupaţiei, precum şi a locului de muncă este liberă.
(2) Salariaţii au dreptul la măsuri de protecţie socială. Acestea privesc securitatea şi sănătatea salariaţilor, regimul de muncă al femeilor si al tinerilor, instituirea unui salariu minim brut pe ţară, repausul săptămânal, concediul de odihnă plătit, prestarea muncii în condiţii deosebite sau speciale, formarea profesională, precum şi alte situaţii specifice, stabilite prin lege.
(3) Durata normală a zilei de lucru este, în medie, de cel mult 8 ore.
(4) La muncă egală, femeile au salariu egal cu bărbaţii.
... (Art. 41)
Employment Rights and Protection
- EnglishWHEREAS the People of Antigua and Barbuda-
…
b. respect the principles of social justice and, therefore, believe that the operation of their economic system should result in the material resources of their community being so distributed as to serve the common good, that there should be adequate means of livelihood for all, that labour should not be exploited or forced by economic necessity to operate in inhumane conditions but that there should be opportunity for advancement on the basis of recognition of merit, ability and integrity;
… (Preamble)
Employment Rights and Protection
- English…
3. It is the duty of the State to promote and to guarantee as much as possible all types of entrepreneurial production. (Art. 5) - Dutch…
3. Het is de plicht van de Staat om alle ondernemingensgewijze produktie zoveel mogelijk te bevorderen en te waarborgen. (Art. 5)
Employment Rights and Protection
- English…
(4) No discrimination shall be made on the ground of gender with regard to remuneration and social security for the same work.
… (Art. 18) - Nepali…
(४) समान कामकालागि लैंगिक आधारमा पारिश्रमिक तथा सामाजिक सुरक्षामा कुनै भेदभाव गरिने छैन ।
... (धारा १८)
Employment Rights and Protection
- English
...
– Work is a right and an honour. Every citizen may practise the work he chooses for himself within the limits of the law. No citizen may be forced to work except by virtue of a law, in performance of public service, for a specific period of time, and for fair remuneration. The state shall enact laws that protect the worker and the employer, govern their relationship, and provide conditions for occupational security, safety, and health.
... (Art. 15) - Arabic
...
– العمل حق وشرف، ولكل مواطن ممارسة العمل الذي يختاره لنفسه في حدود القانون، ولا يجوز إلزام أي مواطن بالعمل جبرا إلا بمقتضى قانون، ولأداء خدمة عامة، ولمدة محددة، وبمقابل عادل، وتسن الدولة القوانين التي تحمي العامل وصاحب العمل وتنظم العلاقة بينهما وتوفر شروط الأمن والسلامة والصحة المهنية.
... (المادّة ١٥)
Employment Rights and Protection
- EnglishThe public authorities shall maintain a public Social Security system for all citizens which will guarantee adequate social assistance and benefits in situations of hardship, especially in cases of unemployment.
... (Sec. 41) - SpanishLos poderes públicos mantendrán un régimen público de Seguridad Social para todos los ciudadanos, que garantice la asistencia y prestaciones sociales suficientes ante situaciones de necesidad, especialmente en caso de desempleo.
… (Art. 41)
Employment Rights and Protection
- English
Social security will be organized under the General Social Security System, of a contributory nature and mandatory membership, observing criteria that preserve the financial and actuarial balance, and will, in accordance with the law, meet:
…
III – protection to workers in a situation of involuntary unemployment;
…
Paragraph 2. No benefit which replaces the contribution salary or labour earnings of the insured shall have a monthly amount lower than the minimum monthly wage.
…
Paragraph 7. Retirement is ensured under the general social security scheme, in accordance with the law, upon compliance with the following conditions:
I – 65 (sixty-five) years of age, if a man, and 62 (sixty-two) years of age, if a woman, with a minimum contribution time;
II – 60 (sixty) years of age, if a man, and 55 (fifty-five) years of age, if a woman, for rural workers and for those who carry out their activities in a family economy regime, including rural producers, miners and artisanal fishermen.
…
Paragraph 12. A law will institute a special social security inclusion system, with different rates, to assist low-income workers, including those who are in an informal situation, and those without their own income, who dedicate themselves exclusively to domestic work within the scope of their residence, provided that belonging to low-income families.
… (Art. 201) - Portuguese
A previdência social será organizada sob a forma de regime geral, de caráter contributivo e de filiação obrigatória, observados critérios que preservem o equilíbrio financeiro e atuarial, e atenderá, nos termos da lei, a:
…
III - proteção ao trabalhador em situação de desemprego involuntário;
…
§ 2º Nenhum benefício que substitua o salário de contribuição ou o rendimento do trabalho do segurado terá valor mensal inferior ao salário mínimo.
…
§ 7º É assegurada aposentadoria no regime geral de previdência social, nos termos da lei, obedecidas as seguintes condições:
I - trinta e cinco anos de contribuição, se homem, e trinta anos de contribuição, se mulher;
II - sessenta e cinco anos de idade, se homem, e sessenta anos de idade, se mulher, reduzido em cinco anos o limite para os trabalhadores rurais de ambos os sexos e para os que exerçam suas atividades em regime de economia familiar, nestes incluídos o produtor rural, o garimpeiro e o pescador artesanal.
…
§ 12. Lei disporá sobre sistema especial de inclusão previdenciária para atender a trabalhadores de baixa renda e àqueles sem renda própria que se dediquem exclusivamente ao trabalho doméstico no âmbito de sua residência, desde que pertencentes a famílias de baixa renda, garantindo-lhes acesso a benefícios de valor igual a um salário-mínimo.
… (Art. 201)
Employment Rights and Protection
- EnglishAll workers have the right to benefits to compensate them for length of service and protect them in the event of dismissal. … (Art. 92)
- SpanishTodos los trabajadores y trabajadoras tienen derecho a prestaciones sociales que les recompensen la antigüedad en el servicio y los amparen en caso de cesantía. … (Art. 92)
Employment Rights and Protection
- English...
3. The State shall … work on developing human resources and protecting the labor force in a way that serves the national economy. (Art. 13) - Arabic...
3تكفل الدولة حماية المنتجين والمستھلكين وترعى التجارة والإستثمار وتمنع الإحتكار في مختلف المجالات الإقتصادية وتعمل على تطوير الطاقات البشرية وتحمي قوة العمل، بما يخدم الإقتصاد الوطن ي (المادّة 13)