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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Employment Rights and Protection
- English1. Everyone has the right to work.
2. In order to ensure the right to work, the state is charged with promoting:
a) The implementation of full-employment policies;
b) Equal opportunities in the choice of profession or type of work, and the conditions needed to avoid the gender-based preclusion or limitation of access to any position, work or professional category;
c) The cultural and technical training and occupational development of workers. (Art. 58) - Portuguese1. Todos têm direito ao trabalho.
2. Para assegurar o direito ao trabalho, incumbe ao Estado promover:
a) A execução de políticas de pleno emprego;
b) A igualdade de oportunidades na escolha da profissão ou género de trabalho e condições para que não seja vedado ou limitado, em função do sexo, o acesso a quaisquer cargos, trabalho ou categorias profissionais;
c) A formação cultural e técnica e a valorização profissional dos trabalhadores. (Art. 58)
Employment Rights and Protection
- English1. Every Ethiopian has the right to engage freely in economic activity and to pursue a livelihood of his choice anywhere within the national territory.
2. Every Ethiopian has the right to choose his or her means of livelihood, occupation and profession.
…
7. The State shall undertake all measures necessary to increase opportunities for citizens to find gainful employment.
… (Art. 41) - Amharic1. ማንኛውም ኢትዮጵያዊ በሀገሪቱ ውስጥ በማንኛውም የኢኮኖሚ እንቅስቃሴ የመሰማራትና ለመተዳደሪያው የመረጠውን ሥራ የመሥራት መብት አለው፡፡
2. ሁሉም ኢትዮጵያዊ መተዳደሪያውን፣ ሥራውንና ሙያውን የመምረጥ መብት አለው፡፡
…
7. መንግሥት ዜጐች ጠቃሚ ሥራ የማግኘት ዕድላቸው እየሰፋ እንዲሄድ ለማድረግ አስፈላጊ እርምጃዎችን ይወስዳል፡፡
… (አንቀጽ 41)
Employment Rights and Protection
- EnglishThe right to work is underpinned by the following principles:
1. The State shall promote full employment and the elimination of under-employment and unemployment.
2. Labor rights cannot be waived and are intangible. Any stipulation to the contrary shall be null and void.
3. In the event of any uncertainty as to the scope of legal, regulatory or contract provisions in labor affairs, it is the most favorable interpretation of the effective force of these provisions for the benefit of workers that shall prevail.
4. Work of equal value shall be given equal pay.
5. All people shall be entitled to carry out their work in an appropriate, favorable setting, guaranteeing their health, bodily safety, security, hygiene and well-being.
6. Any person who has recovered from a work accident or sickness shall be entitled to return to work and continue the labor relationship, pursuant to the law.
… (Art. 326) - SpanishEl derecho al trabajo se sustenta en los siguientes principios:
1. El Estado impulsará el pleno empleo y la eliminación del subempleo y del desempleo.
2. Los derechos laborales son irrenunciables e intangibles. Será nula toda estipulación en contrario.
3. En caso de duda sobre el alcance de las disposiciones legales, reglamentarias o contractuales en materia laboral, éstas se aplicarán en el sentido más favorable a las personas trabajadoras.
4. A trabajo de igual valor corresponderá igual remuneración.
5. Toda persona tendrá derecho a desarrollar sus labores en un ambiente adecuado y propicio, que garantice su salud, integridad, seguridad, higiene y bienestar.
6. Toda persona rehabilitada después de un accidente de trabajo o enfermedad, tendrá derecho a ser reintegrada al trabajo y a mantener la relación laboral, de acuerdo con la ley.
… (Art. 326)
Employment Rights and Protection
- EnglishCitizens shall enjoy equal opportunity in carrying out the following functions :
…
(b) occupation;
(c) trade;
(d) business;
(e) technical know-how and vocation;
… (Sec. 349) - Burmeseနိုင်ငံသားများသည် အောက်ပါလုပ်ငန်းများကို လုပ်ကိုင်ဆောင်ရွက်ရာတွင် တူညီသော အခွင့်အလမ်းရရှိစေရမည် -
...
(ခ) အလုပ်လုပ်ကိုင်မှု၊
(ဂ) ကုန်သွယ်ရောင်းဝယ်ဖောက်ကားမှု၊
(ဃ) စီးပွားရေးလုပ်ငန်း လုပ်ကိုင်မှု၊
(င) အတက်ပညာ နှင့် အသက်မွေးဝမ်းကျောင်းမှု၊
... (ပုဒ်မ-၃၄၉)
Employment Rights and Protection
- English
(1) Every person shall have the right to choose freely his or her profession and to receive appropriate training, as well as the right to earn his or her living through entrepreneurial activities.
(2) Terms of, or restrictions on, specific professions, trades or activities may be regulated by law.
(3) Citizens shall have the right to work. The State shall guarantee, within reasonable limits, the material welfare of those who cannot enjoy this right through no fault of their own. The terms thereof shall be specified by law.
… (Art. 35) - Slovak
(1) Kaţdý má právo na slobodnú voľbu povolania a prípravu naň, ako aj právo podnikať a uskutočňovať inú zárobkovú činnosť.
(2) Zákon môţe ustanoviť podmienky a obmedzenia výkonu určitých povolaní alebo činností.
(3) Občania majú právo na prácu. Štát v primeranom rozsahu hmotne zabezpečuje občanov, ktorí nie z vlastnej viny nemôţu toto právo vykonávať. Podmienky ustanoví zákon.
… (Čl. 35)
Employment Rights and Protection
- English1. Lesotho shall endeavour to ensure that every person has the opportunity to gain his living by work which he freely chooses or accepts.
2. Lesotho shall adopt policies aimed at—
a. achieving and maintaining as high and stable a level of employment as possible;
b. providing technical and vocational guidance and training programmes; and
c. achieving steady economic, social and cultural development and full and productive employment under conditions safeguarding fundamental political and economic freedoms to the individual. (Sec. 29)
Employment Rights and Protection
- English
…
The law favors the equal access and the participation of women and men in public employment and to the functions in the domain of the political, economical and social life. (Art. 6) - French
…
La loi favorise l’égal accès et la participation des femmes et des hommes aux emplois publics et aux fonctions dans le domaine de la vie politique, économique et sociale. (Art. 6)
Employment Rights and Protection
- EnglishThe minimum social rights that form the basis of the labor legislation and the activity of the tribunals and [the] authorities [are]:
a. The right to the free choice [elección] of work and the satisfactory economic conditions that guarantee a dignified existence for the worker and his [or her] family;
b. That all work be equitably remunerated, except with what the law determines in that regard;
c. The equality of salary for the same rendered work in equality of conditions, productivity, and seniority;
d. The obligation to pay the worker in currency of legal tender. However, the field worker [trabajador de campo] can receive, by choice [a su voluntad], food products until up to thirty percent of his [or her] salary. In this case the employer will provide those products at a price no superior than their cost;
e. The freedom from lien [inembargabilidad] of the salary in the cases determined by the law. The personal work implements may not be subject to a lien for any reason. Nevertheless, for the protection of the family of the worker and by judicial order, part of the salary can be retained and delivered to the corresponding [party];
f. The periodic establishment [fijación] of the minimum salary in accordance with the law;
g. The ordinary effective workday [jornada] can neither exceed eight hours of work per day, nor forty-four hours per week, equivalent to forty-eight hours for the exclusive purpose of the payment of the salary.
The ordinary effective workday on the night shift can neither exceed six hours per day, nor thirty-six hours per week. The mixed ordinary effective workday can neither exceed seven hours per day, nor forty-two hours per week. All work effectively performed outside [of the] ordinary working hours, constitutes an extraordinary workday and must be remunerated as such. The law will determine the very qualified situations of exception where the provisions relative to the workdays are not applicable.
Those that by provision of the law, by custom or by agreement with the employers work less than forty-four hours per week during the day, thirty-six hours during the night, or forty-two hours in mixed-schedule workdays, will have the right to receive the weekly salary in its entirety.
It is understood that effective work means the entire time that the worker remains under the orders or at the disposal of the employer;
h. The right of the worker to a day of remunerated rest for each ordinary work week or for any six consecutive workdays. The holidays [días de asueto] recognized by the law will also be remunerated;
i. The right of the worker to fifteen working days of paid vacation after each year of continuous service, with the exception of agricultural enterprise workers, who will have the right to ten working days [of vacation]. The vacations must be effective and the employer may not compensate such right in a different manner, except when the labor relationship already acquired would cease;
j. The obligation of the employer to grant[,] every year[,] a bonus [aguinaldo] of no less than one hundred percent of the monthly salary, or the one already established if greater, to those workers who may have worked for an uninterrupted year prior to the date of the payment. The law will regulate the form of payment. For those workers with less than one year of service, such bonus will be covered proportionally to the time [of duration] of [the] work;
k. The protection of the working woman and [the] regulation of the conditions under which she must render her services.
There may not be differences established between married and single women in terms of [the] work. The law will regulate the protection of the maternity rights of the working woman, who may not be required to [conduct any] work that may require an effort that puts her pregnancy in jeopardy [gravidez]. The working mother will enjoy a compulsory rest [period] [descanso forzoso] paid on the basis of one hundred percent of her salary, during the thirty days prior to giving birth and [during] the subsequent forty-five days. During the period of lactation she will have the right to two periods of extraordinary rest, during her workday. The prenatal and postnatal rest periods will be expanded according to her physical conditions, by medical prescription;
…
r. The establishment of economic institutions and of social prevision which, in benefit of the workers, grant benefits of all types, especially for disability, retirement, and survival;
… (Art. 102) - SpanishSon derechos sociales mínimos que fundamentan la legislación del trabajo y la actividad de los tribunales y autoridades:
a) Derecho a la libre elección de trabajo y a condiciones económicas satisfactorias que garanticen al trabajador y a su familia una existencia digna;
b) Todo trabajo será equitativamente remunerado, salvo lo que al respecto determine la ley;
c) Igualdad de salario para igual trabajo prestado en igualdad de condiciones, eficiencia y antigüedad;
d) Obligación de pagar al trabajador en moneda de curso legal. Sin embargo, el trabajador del campo puede recibir, a su voluntad, productos alimenticios hasta en un treinta por ciento de su salario. En este caso el empleador suministrará esos productos a un precio no mayor de su costo;
e) Inembargabilidad del salario en los casos determinados por la ley. Los implementos personales de trabajo no podrán ser embargados por ningún motivo. No obstante, para protección de la familia del trabajador y por orden judicial, sí podrá retenerse y entregarse parte del salario a quien corresponda;
f) Fijación periódica del salario mínimo de conformidad con la ley;
g) La jornada ordinaria de trabajo efectivo diurno no puede exceder de ocho horas diarias de trabajo, ni de cuarenta y cuatro horas a la semana, equivalente a cuarenta y ocho horas para los efectos exclusivos del pago del salario.
La jornada ordinaria de trabajo efectivo nocturno no puede exceder de seis horas diarias, ni de treinta y seis a la semana. La jornada ordinaria de trabajo efectivo mixto no puede exceder de siete horas diarias, ni de cuarenta y dos a la semana. Todo trabajo efectivamente realizado fuera de las jornadas ordinarias, constituye jornada extraordinaria y debe ser remunerada como tal. La ley determinará las situaciones de excepción muy calificadas en las que no son aplicables las disposiciones relativas a las jornadas de trabajo.
Quienes por disposición de la ley, por la costumbre o por acuerdo con los empleadores laboren menos de cuarenta y cuatro horas semanales en jornada diurna, treinta y seis en jornada nocturna, o cuarenta y dos en jornada mixta, tendrán derecho a percibir íntegro el salario semanal.
Se entiende por trabajo efectivo todo el tiempo que el trabajador permanezca a las órdenes o a disposición del empleador.
h) Derecho del trabajador a un día de descanso remunerado por cada semana ordinaria de trabajo o por cada seis días consecutivos de labores. Los días de asueto reconocidos por la ley también serán remunerados;
i) Derecho del trabajador a quince días hábiles de vacaciones anuales pagadas después de cada año de servicios continuos, a excepción de los trabajadores de empresas agropecuarias, quienes tendrán derecho de diez días hábiles. Las vacaciones deberán ser efectivas y no podrá el empleador compensar este derecho en forma distinta, salvo cuando ya adquirido cesare la relación del trabajo;
j) Obligación del empleador de otorgar cada año un aguinaldo no menor del ciento por ciento del salario mensual, o el que ya estuviere establecido si fuere mayor a los trabajadores que hubieren laborado durante un año ininterrumpido y anterior a la fecha del otorgamiento. La ley regulará su forma de pago. A los trabajadores que tuvieren menos del año de servicios, tal aguinaldo les será cubierto proporcionalmente al tiempo laborado;
k) Protección a la mujer trabajadora y regulación de las condiciones en que debe prestar sus servicios.
No deben establecerse diferencias entre casadas y solteras en materia de trabajo. La ley regulará la protección a la maternidad de la mujer trabajadora, a quien no se le debe exigir ningún trabajo que requiera esfuerzo que ponga en peligro su gravidez. La madre trabajadora gozará de un descanso forzoso retribuido con el cinto por ciento de su salario, durante los treinta días que precedan al parto y los cuarenta y cinco días siguientes. En la época de la lactancia tendrá derecho a dos períodos de descanso extraordinarios, dentro de la jornada. Los descansos pre y postnatal serán ampliados según sus condiciones físicas, por prescripción médica;
…
r) El establecimiento de instituciones económicas y de previsión social que, en beneficio de los trabajadores, otorguen prestaciones de todo orden especialmente por invalidez, jubilación y sobrevivencia;
… (Art. 102)
Employment Rights and Protection
- English...
(2) Except as expressly authorised by this Constitution, there shall be no discrimination against citizens of Singapore on the ground only of religion, race, descent or place of birth in any law or in the appointment to any office or employment under a public authority or in the administration of any law relating to the acquisition, holding or disposition of property or the establishing or carrying on of any trade, business, profession, vocation or employment.
… (Art. 12)
Employment Rights and Protection
- English(1) The State must take reasonable measures within its available resources to achieve the progressive realisation of the right of every person to work and to a just minimum wage.
(2) In applying any right under this section, if the State claims that it does not have the resources to implement the right, it is the responsibility of the State to show that the resources are not available. (Sec. 33) - iTaukei(1) Na Matanitu me na vakayagataka e dua na ituvatuva e veiganiti ena veika sa tu rawa me qai rawati na dodonu ni tamata yadua me cakacaka ka me saumi ena isau e veiganiti.
(2) Ena kena taurivaki na dodonu ena tikina qo, kevaka e vakaraitaka na Matanitu ni sega ni tiko vua na ivurevure ni veika me baleta na kena taurivaki na dodonu, e nona itavi na Matanitu me vakaraitaka ni sega vua na ivurevure. (Sec. 33)