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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Employment Rights and Protection
- EnglishAll employees have, independent of age, sex, race, nationality, religion or political opinions, the right to:
a. Remuneration for their work corresponding to quantity, type, quality and experience on the basis of equal pay for equal work;
b. The performance of their task under humane conditions, in order to enable self-development;
c. Safe and healthy working condition;
d. Sufficient rest and recreation. (Art. 28) - DutchAlle werknemers zijn, ongeacht leeftijd, geslacht, ras, nationaliteit, godsdienst of politieke overtuiging, gerechtigd tot:
a. beloning voor hun werk naar gelang van hoeveelheid, aard, kwaliteit en ervaring op basis van het beginsel van gelijk loon, voor gelijke arbeid;
b. het verrichten van hun taak onder menswaardige omstandigheden, ten einde zelfontplooiing mogelijk te maken;
c. veilige en gezonde arbeidsomstandigheden;
d. voldoende rust en ontspanning. (Art. 28)
Employment Rights and Protection
- EnglishThe State recognizes to all citizens the right to work.
It guarantees to workers the just compensation for their services or for their production.
No one may be discriminated against in their work because of their origins, of their opinions, of their beliefs, of their sex or of their marital status [situation]. (Art. 35) - Arabicتعترف الدولة بحق جميع المواطنين في العمل.
تضمن للعمال التعويض العادل عن خدماتهم أو إنتاجهم.
لا يجوز تمييز أحد في عمله بسبب أصوله، آرائه، معتقداته، نوعه الاجتماعي أو وضعه العائلي. (المادة 35) - FrenchL'Etat reconnait à tous les citoyens le droit au travail.
Il garantit au travailleur la juste rétribution de ses services ou de sa production. Nul ne peut être lésé dans son travail en raison de ses origines, de ses opinions, de ses croyances, de son sexe ou de sa situation matrimoniale. (Art. 35)
Employment Rights and Protection
- English1. Every person has the right to practice any profession or to carry on any occupation, trade or business.
2. The exercise of this right may be subject to such formalities, conditions or restrictions as are prescribed by law and relate exclusively to the qualifications usually required for the exercise of any profession or are necessary only in the interests of the security of the Republic or the constitutional order or the public safety or the public order or the public health or the public morals or for the protection of the rights and liberties guaranteed by this Constitution to any person or in the public interest:
Provided that no such formalities, conditions or restrictions purporting to be in the public interest shall be prescribed by a law if such formality, condition or restriction is contrary to the interests of either Community.
… (Art. 25) - Greek1. Έκαστος έχει το δικαίωμα να ασκή οιονδήποτε επάγγελμα ή να επιδίδεται εις οιανδήποτε απασχόλησιν, εμπόριον ή επικερδή εργασίαν.
2. Η άσκησις του δικαιώματος τούτου δύναται να υπαχθή εις τους υπό του νόμου τιθεμένους όρους, περιορισμούς ή διατυπώσεις, αναφερομένους αποκλειστικώς εις τα συνήθως απαιτούμενα διά την άσκησιν οιουδήποτε επαγγέλματος προσόντα ή οίτινες είναι απαραίτητοι μόνον προς το συμφέρον της ασφαλείας της Δημοκρατίας ή της συνταγματικής τάξεως ή της δημοσίας ασφαλείας ή της δημοσίας τάξεως ή της δημοσίας υγιείας ή των δημοσίων ηθών ή της προστασίας των δικαιωμάτων και ελευθεριών των ηγγυημένων υπό του Συντάγματος εις οιονδήποτε πρόσωπον ή προς το δημόσιον συμφέρον υπό τον όρον ότι διατυπώσεις, όροι και περιορισμοί δεν θα τίθενται διά νόμου κατ’ επίκλησιν του δημοσίου συμφέροντος εφ’ όσον είναι αντίθετοι προς τα συμφέροντα εκατέρας κοινότητος.
… (Αρθρον 25) - Turkish1. Her şahıs; herhangi bir meslek, sanat, ticaret veya iş ile meşgul olma hakkına sahiptir.
2. Bu hakkın kullanılması, münhasıran bir mesleğin yürütülmesinde genellikle gerekli vasıflara dair ya da yalnız Cumhuriyet güvenliği veya anayasal düzen veya kamu güvenliği veya kamu düzeni veya kamu sağlığı veya kamu ahlakı yararına veya bu Anayasanın herhangi bir şahsa sağladığı hak ve hürriyetlerin korunması veya kamu yararı için kanunla düzenlenen formalitelere, şartlara veya kısıtlamalara tabi tutulabilir:
Ancak bir formalite, şart veya kısıtlama, iki Cemaatten herhangi birinin menfaatlerine aykırı ise böyle bir formalite, şart veya kısıtlama kamu yararına olduğu iddiasıyla kanunla düzenlenemez.
... (Madde 25)
Employment Rights and Protection
- English
Social security will be organized under the General Social Security System, of a contributory nature and mandatory membership, observing criteria that preserve the financial and actuarial balance, and will, in accordance with the law, meet:
…
III – protection to workers in a situation of involuntary unemployment;
…
Paragraph 2. No benefit which replaces the contribution salary or labour earnings of the insured shall have a monthly amount lower than the minimum monthly wage.
…
Paragraph 7. Retirement is ensured under the general social security scheme, in accordance with the law, upon compliance with the following conditions:
I – 65 (sixty-five) years of age, if a man, and 62 (sixty-two) years of age, if a woman, with a minimum contribution time;
II – 60 (sixty) years of age, if a man, and 55 (fifty-five) years of age, if a woman, for rural workers and for those who carry out their activities in a family economy regime, including rural producers, miners and artisanal fishermen.
…
Paragraph 12. A law will institute a special social security inclusion system, with different rates, to assist low-income workers, including those who are in an informal situation, and those without their own income, who dedicate themselves exclusively to domestic work within the scope of their residence, provided that belonging to low-income families.
… (Art. 201) - Portuguese
A previdência social será organizada sob a forma de regime geral, de caráter contributivo e de filiação obrigatória, observados critérios que preservem o equilíbrio financeiro e atuarial, e atenderá, nos termos da lei, a:
…
III - proteção ao trabalhador em situação de desemprego involuntário;
…
§ 2º Nenhum benefício que substitua o salário de contribuição ou o rendimento do trabalho do segurado terá valor mensal inferior ao salário mínimo.
…
§ 7º É assegurada aposentadoria no regime geral de previdência social, nos termos da lei, obedecidas as seguintes condições:
I - trinta e cinco anos de contribuição, se homem, e trinta anos de contribuição, se mulher;
II - sessenta e cinco anos de idade, se homem, e sessenta anos de idade, se mulher, reduzido em cinco anos o limite para os trabalhadores rurais de ambos os sexos e para os que exerçam suas atividades em regime de economia familiar, nestes incluídos o produtor rural, o garimpeiro e o pescador artesanal.
…
§ 12. Lei disporá sobre sistema especial de inclusão previdenciária para atender a trabalhadores de baixa renda e àqueles sem renda própria que se dediquem exclusivamente ao trabalho doméstico no âmbito de sua residência, desde que pertencentes a famílias de baixa renda, garantindo-lhes acesso a benefícios de valor igual a um salário-mínimo.
… (Art. 201)
Employment Rights and Protection
- EnglishEvery citizen of Estonia is entitled to freely choose his or her area of activity, profession and position of employment. The law may provide conditions and procedures for the exercise of this right.
…
No one may be compelled to perform work or service against his or her free will, except for service in the defence forces or alternative service, or work required to prevent the spread of an infectious disease or to contain a natural disaster or catastrophe, or work which a convicted offender is required to perform according to the law and pursuant to a procedure established by law.
The national government organises vocational training and assists persons who seek employment in finding work.
Working conditions are overseen by the national government.
… (Sec. 29) - EstonianEesti kodanikul on õigus vabalt valida tegevusala, elukutset ja töökohta. Seadus võib sätestada selle õiguse kasutamise tingimused ja korra.
…
Kedagi ei tohi sundida tema vaba tahte vastaselt tööle ega teenistusse, välja arvatud kaitseväeteenistus või selle asendusteenistus, tööd nakkushaiguse leviku tõkestamisel, loodusõnnetuse ja katastroofi korral ning töö, mida seaduse alusel ja korras peab tegema süüdimõistetu.
Riik korraldab kutseõpet ja abistab tööotsijaid töö leidmisel.
Töötingimused on riigi kontrolli all.
… (§ 29)
Employment Rights and Protection
- EnglishAll workers have the right to benefits to compensate them for length of service and protect them in the event of dismissal. … (Art. 92)
- SpanishTodos los trabajadores y trabajadoras tienen derecho a prestaciones sociales que les recompensen la antigüedad en el servicio y los amparen en caso de cesantía. … (Art. 92)
Employment Rights and Protection
- EnglishThe State guarantees the right to private initiative to both nationals and to foreigners.
… (Art. 35) - FrenchL’Etat garantit le droit à l’initiative privée tant aux nationaux qu’aux étrangers.
… (Art. 35)
Employment Rights and Protection
- EnglishAll employers must adopt in their enterprises the necessary measures for the hygiene and safety [seguridad] of work. (Art. 66)
- SpanishTodo patrono debe adoptar en sus empresas las medidas necesarias para la higiene y seguridad del trabajo. (Art. 66)
Employment Rights and Protection
- English
Workers shall be entitled to a remuneration commensurate to the quantity and quality of their work and in any case such as to ensure them and their families a free and dignified existence.
The maximum daily working hours shall be established by law.
Workers shall have the right to a weekly rest day and paid yearly holidays. They may not waive this right. (Art. 36) - Italian
Il lavoratore ha diritto ad una retribuzione proporzionata alla quantità e qualità del suo lavoro e in ogni caso sufficiente ad assicurare a sé e alla famiglia un’esistenza libera e dignitosa.
La durata massima della giornata lavorativa è stabilita dalla legge.
Il lavoratore ha diritto al riposo settimanale e a ferie annuali retribuite, e non può rinunziarvi. (Art. 36)
Employment Rights and Protection
- English
…
12. The State shall endeavour to ensure the right to work, vocational guidance and training and just and favourable conditions of work.
13. The State shall endeavour to ensure the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay.
14. The State shall endeavour to ensure the right to fair and reasonable remuneration for one’s work.
… (Art. 9) - Dzongkha
…
༡༢) རྒྱལ་ཁམས་ཀྱིས་ ལཱ་འབད་ནི་དང་ ལག་རྩལ་ལམ་སྟོན་ སྦྱོང་བརྡར་ དྲང་བདེན་དང་བྱ་ སྟབས་བདེ་བའི་ལཱ་གི་ ཆ་རྐྱེན་ཚུ་གི་ཐོབ་དབང་ངེས་གཏན་བཟོ་ནི་ལུ་བརྩོན་ཤུགས་བསྐྱེད་དགོ།
༡༣) རྒྱལ་ཁམས་ཀྱིས་ རྒྱུ་མཚན་ལྡན་པའི་ལཱ་གི་ཆུ་ཚོད་ཚད་འཛིན་དང་ དངུལ་ཕོགས་ཡོད་པའི་ དུས་མཚམས་ངལ་གསོ་ བརྩིས་ཏེ་ ངལ་གསོ་དང་དལ་ཁོམས་ཀྱི་ཐོབ་དབང་ཡོདཔ་ངེས་གཏན་ བཟོ་ནི་ལུ་བརྩོན་ཤུགས་བསྐྱེད་དགོ།
༡༤) རྒྱལ་ཁམས་ཀྱིས་ རང་གི་ལཱ་དང་བསྟུན་ཏེ་དྲང་སྙོམས་དང་ རྒྱུ་མཚན་ལྡན་པའི་གླ་ཡོན་གྱི་ཐོབ་ དབང་ཡོདཔ་ངེས་གཏན་ བཟོ་ནི་ལུ་བརྩོན་ཤུགས་བསྐྱེད་དགོ།
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