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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Equality and Non-Discrimination
Comoros
- EnglishThe Union of the Comoros recognizes equally the equality of all citizens before the law, without distinction of race, of sex, of religion, of political conviction, and assures the full enjoyment of the fundamental freedoms for all citizens. (Art. 2)
- Arabicيعترف اتحاد جزر القمر أيضاً بالمساواة بين جميع المواطنين أمام القانون، دون التمييز على أساس العنصر، الجنس، الدين، القناعة السياسية، ويضمن التمتع الكامل بالحريات الأساسية لجميع المواطنين. (المادة 2)
- FrenchL’Union des Comores reconnaît également l'égalité de tous les citoyens devant la loi, sans distinction de race, de sexe, de religion, de conviction politique, et assure la pleine jouissance des libertés fondamentales pour tous les citoyens. (Art. 2)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
Rwanda
- English
All human beings are equal before the law. They enjoy equal protection of the law. (Art. 15)
- Kinyarwanda
Abantu bose barareshya imbere y’amategeko. Amategeko abarengera ku buryo bumwe. (Ingingo ya 15)
- French
Tous les êtres humains sont égaux devant la loi. Ils jouissent d’une égale protection de la loi. (Art. 15)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- EnglishWHEREAS the Peoples of the Island of Saint Vincent, who are known as Vincentians-
…
b. desire that their society be so ordered as to express their recognition of the principles of democracy, free institutions, social justice and equality before the law;
… (Preamble)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
Latvia
- EnglishAll human beings in Latvia shall be equal before the law and the courts. Human rights shall be realised without discrimination of any kind. (Art. 91)
- LatvianVisi cilvēki Latvijā ir vienlīdzīgi likuma un tiesas priekšā. Cilvēka tiesības tiek īstenotas bez jebkādas diskriminācijas. (Art. 91)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
South Africa
- English(1) Everyone is equal before the law and has the right to equal protection and benefit of the law.
(2) Equality includes the full and equal enjoyment of all rights and freedoms. To promote the achievement of equality, legislative and other measures designed to protect or advance persons, or categories of persons, disadvantaged by unfair discrimination may be taken.
(3) The state may not unfairly discriminate directly or indirectly against anyone on one or more grounds, including race, gender, sex, pregnancy, marital status, ethnic or social origin, colour, sexual orientation, age, disability, religion, conscience, belief, culture, language and birth.
(4) No person may unfairly discriminate directly or indirectly against anyone on one or more grounds in terms of subsection (3). National legislation must be enacted to prevent or prohibit unfair discrimination.
(5) Discrimination on one or more of the grounds listed in subsection (3) is unfair unless it is established that the discrimination is fair. (Sec. 9)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of
- EnglishCitizens enjoy equal rights in all spheres of State and public activity. (Art. 65)
- Korean공민은 국가사회생활의 모든 분야에서 누구나 다같은 권리를 가진다. (제65조)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
Armenia
- EnglishAny discrimination based on sex, race, skin color, ethnic or social origin, genetic features, language, religion, worldview, political or any other views, belonging to a national minority, property status, birth, disability, age, or other personal or social circumstances shall be prohibited. (Art. 29)
- ArmenianԽտրականությունը, կախված սեռից, ռասայից, մաշկի գույնից, էթնիկ կամ սոցիալական ծագումից, գենետիկական հատկանիշներից, լեզվից, կրոնից, աշխարհայացքից, քաղաքական կամ այլ հայացքներից, ազգային փոքրամասնությանը պատկանելությունից, գույքային վիճակից, ծնունդից, հաշմանդամությունից, տարիքից կամ անձնական կամ սոցիալական բնույթի այլ հանգամանքներից, արգելվում է: (Հոդված 29)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
Portugal
- EnglishThe fundamental tasks of the state are:
…
d) To promote the people's well-being and quality of life and real equality between the Portuguese, as well as the effective implementation of economic, social, cultural and environmental rights by means of the transformation and modernisation of economic and social structures;
…
h) To promote equality between men and women. (Art. 9) - PortugueseSão tarefas fundamentais do Estado:
…
d) Promover o bem-estar e a qualidade de vida do povo e a igualdade real entre os portugueses, bem como a efectivação dos direitos económicos, sociais, culturais e ambientais, mediante a transformação e modernização das estruturas económicas e sociais;
…
h) Promover a igualdade entre homens e mulheres. (Art. 9)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
Tanzania, United Republic of
- English(1) All persons are equal before the law and are entitled, without any discrimination, to protection and equality before the law.
(2) No law enacted by any authority in the United Republic shall make any provision that is discriminatory either of itself or in its effect.
(3) The civic rights, duties and interests of every person and community shall be protected and determined by the courts of law or other state agencies established by or under the law.
(4) No person shall be discriminated against by any person or any authority acting under any law or in the discharge of the functions or business of any state office.
(5) For the purposes of this Article the expression “discriminate” means to satisfy the needs, rights or other requirements of different persons on the basis of their nationality, tribe, place of origin, political opinion, colour, religion, sex or station in life such that certain categories of people are regarded as weak or inferior and are subjected to restrictions or conditions whereas persons of other categories are treated differently or are accorded opportunities or advantage outside the specified conditions or the prescribed necessary qualifications except that the word “discrimination” shall not be construed in a manner that will prohibit the Government from taking purposeful steps aimed at rectifying disabilities in the society.
… (Art. 13)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
Malaysia
- English(1) All persons are equal before the law and entitled to the equal protection of the law.
(2) Except as expressly authorized by this Constitution, there shall be no discrimination against citizens on the ground only of religion, race, descent, place of birth or gender in any law or in the appointment to any office or employment under a public authority or in the administration of any law relating to the acquisition, holding or disposition of property or the establishing or carrying on of any trade, business, profession, vocation or employment.
(3) There shall be no discrimination in favour of any person on the ground that he is a subject of the Ruler of any State.
(4) No public authority shall discriminate against any person on the ground that he is resident or carrying on business in any part of the Federation outside the jurisdiction of the authority.
(5) This Article does not invalidate or prohibit—
(a) any provision regulating personal law;
(b) any provision or practice restricting office or employment connected with the affairs of any religion, or of an institution managed by a group professing any religion, to persons professing that religion;
(c) any provision for the protection, well-being or advancement of the aboriginal peoples of the Malay Peninsula (including the reservation of land) or the reservation to aborigines of a reasonable proportion of suitable positions in the public service;
(d) any provision prescribing residence in a State or part of a State as a qualification for election or appointment to any authority having jurisdiction only in that State or part, or for voting in such an election;
(e) any provision of a Constitution of a State, being or corresponding to a provision in force immediately before Merdeka Day;
(f) any provision restricting enlistment in the Malay Regiment to Malays. (Art. 8) - Malay(1) Semua orang adalah sama rata di sisi undang-undang dan berhak mendapat perlindungan yang sama rata di sisi undang-undang.
(2) Kecuali sebagaimana yang dibenarkan dengan nyata oleh Perlembagaan ini tidak boleh ada diskriminasi terhadap warganegara semata-mata atas alasan agama, ras, keturunan, tempat lahir atau jantina dalam mana-mana undang-undang atau dalam pelantikan kepada apa-apa jawatan atau pekerjaan di bawah sesuatu pihak berkuasa awam atau dalam pentadbiran mana-mana undang-undang yang berhubungan dengan pemerolehan, pemegangan atau pelupusan harta atau berhubungan dengan penubuhan atau penjalanan apa-apa pertukangan, perniagaan, profesion, kerjaya atau pekerjaan.
(3) Tidak boleh ada diskriminasi yang memihak kepada mana-mana orang atas alasan bahawa dia seorang rakyat Raja bagi mana-mana Negeri.
(4) Tiada pihak berkuasa awam boleh mendiskriminasikan mana-mana orang atas alasan bahawa dia bermastautin atau menjalankan perniagaan di mana-mana bahagian Persekutuan di luar bidang kuasa pihak berkuasa itu.
(5) Perkara ini tidak menidaksahkan atau melarang—
(a) apa-apa peruntukan yang mengawal selia undang-undang diri;
(b) apa-apa peruntukan atau amalan yang mengehadkan jawatan atau pekerjaan yang berkaitan dengan hal ehwal mana-mana agama, atau sesuatu institusi yang diuruskan oleh sekumpulan orang yang menganuti mana-mana agama, kepada orang yang menganuti agama itu;
(c) apa-apa peruntukan bagi perlindungan, kesentosaan atau pemajuan orang asli Semenanjung Tanah Melayu (termasuk perizaban tanah) atau perizaban bagi orang asli suatu perkadaran yang munasabah daripada jawatan-jawatan yang sesuai dalam perkhidmatan awam;
(d) apa-apa peruntukan yang menetapkan kemastautinan di sesuatu Negeri atau di sebahagian sesuatu Negeri sebagai suatu kelayakan bagi pemilihan atau pelantikan kepada mana-mana pihak berkuasa yang mempunyai bidang kuasa hanya di Negeri atau di bahagian itu sahaja, atau bagi pengundian dalam pemilihan itu;
(e) apa-apa peruntukan Perlembagaan sesuatu Negeri, yang adalah atau yang bersamaan dengan suatu peruntukan yang berkuat kuasa sebaik sebelum Hari Merdeka;
(f) apa-apa peruntukan yang mengehadkan pengambilan masuk tentera ke dalam Rejimen Askar Melayu kepada orang Melayu. (Perkara 8)