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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- English(1) Subject to the provisions of subsections (4), (5) and (7) of this section, no law shall make any provision that is discriminatory either of itself or in its effect.
(2) Subject to the provisions of subsections (6), (7) and (8) of this section, no person shall be treated in a discriminatory manner by any person acting by virtue of any written law or in the performance of the functions of any public office or any public authority.
(3) In this section, the expression “discriminatory” means affording different treatment to different persons, attributable wholly or mainly to their respective descriptions by race, tribe, place of origin, political opinions, colour, creed or sex whereby persons of one such description are subjected to disabilities or restrictions to which persons of another such description are not made subject or are accorded privileges or advantages which are not accorded to persons of another such description.
(4) Subsection (1) of this section shall not apply to any law so far as that law makes provision-
…
(c) with respect to adoption, marriage, divorce, burial, devolution of property on death or other matters of personal law;
(d) for the application in the case of members of a particular race, community or tribe of customary law with respect to any matter whether to the exclusion of any law in respect to that matter which is applicable in the case of other persons or not; or
(e) whereby persons of any such description as is mentioned in subsection (3) of this section may be subjected to any disability or restriction or may be accorded any privilege or advantage which, having regard to its nature and to special circumstances pertaining to those persons or to persons of any other such description, is reasonably justifiable in a democratic society.
(5) Nothing contained in any law shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of subsection (1) of this section to the extent that it makes reasonable provision with respect to qualifications for service as a public officer or as a member of a disciplined force or for the service of a local government authority or a body corporate established directly by any law.
(6) Subsection (2) of this section shall not apply to anything which is expressly or by necessary implication authorized to be done by any such provision of law as is referred to in subsection (4) or (5) of this section.
(7) Nothing contained in or done under the authority of any law shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of this section to the extent that the law in question makes provision whereby persons of any such description as is mentioned in subsection (3) of this section may be subjected to any restriction on the rights and freedoms guaranteed by sections 9, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of this Constitution, being such a restriction as is authorized by section 9(2), 11(5), 12(2) 13(2), or 14(3), as the case may be.
(8) Nothing in subsection (2) of this section shall affect any discretion relating to the institution, conduct or discontinuance of civil or criminal proceedings in any court that is vested in any person by or under this Constitution or any other law.
(9) Nothing contained in or done under the authority of any law shall be held to be inconsistent with the provisions of this section-
(a) if that law was in force immediately before the coming into operation of this Constitution and has continued in force at all times since the coming into operation of this Constitution; or
(b) to the extent that the law repeals and re-enacts any provision which has been contained in any written law at all times since immediately before the coming into operation of this Constitution. (Sec. 15)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- English1. All persons are equal before and under the law in all spheres of political, economic, social and cultural life and in every other respect and shall enjoy equal protection of the law.
2. Without prejudice to clause (l) of this article, a person shall not be discriminated against on the ground of sex, race, colour, ethnic origin, tribe, birth, creed or religion, social or economic standing, political opinion or disability.
3. For the purposes of this article, “discriminate” means to give different treatment to different persons attributable only or mainly to their respective descriptions by sex, race, colour, ethnic origin, tribe, birth, creed or religion, social or economic standing, political opinion or disability.
4. Nothing in this article shall prevent Parliament from enacting laws that are necessary for-
a. implementing policies and programmes aimed at redressing social, economic, educational or other imbalance in society; or
b. making such provision as is required or authorised to be made under this Constitution; or
c. providing for any matter acceptable and demonstrably justified in a free and democratic society.
5. Nothing shall be taken to be inconsistent with this article which is allowed to be done under any provision of this Constitution. (Art. 21)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- English(1) All parties to a proceeding have equal rights before the court.
… (1993 Constitution, Art. 96) - Czech(1) Všichni účastníci řízení mají před soudem rovná práva.
… (Ústava 1993, Čl. 96)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- English…
(2) The Republic of Cameroon shall be a decentralized unitary State.
It shall be one and indivisible, secular, democratic and dedicated to social service.
It shall recognize and protect traditional values that conform to democratic principles, human rights and the law.
It shall ensure the equality of all citizens before the law.
… (Art. 1) - French...
(2) La République du Cameroun est un Etat unitaire décentralisé.
Elle est une et indivisible, laïque, démocratique et sociale.
Elle reconnaît et protège les valeurs traditionnelles conformes aux principes démocratiques, aux droits de lʼhomme et à la loi.
Elle assure lʼégalité de tous les citoyens devant la loi.
... (Art. 1)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- EnglishThe State shall ensure the achievement of equality between women and men in all civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution.
… (Art. 11) - Arabicتكفل الدولة تحقيق المساواة بين المرأة والرجل فى جميع الحقوق المدنية والسياسية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية والثقافية وفقا لأحكام الدستور.
… (المادّة 11)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- EnglishWhereas every person in Antigua and Barbuda is entitled to the fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual, that is to say, the right, regardless of race, place of origin, political opinions or affiliations, colour, creed or sex, but subject to respect for the rights and freedoms of others and for the public interest, to each and all of the following, namely-
a. … the protection of the law;
… (Sec. 3)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- English…
2. Adoption of positive measures for promoting equality between men and women does not constitute discrimination on grounds of sex. The State shall take measures for the elimination of inequalities actually existing, in particular to the detriment of women.
… (Art. 116) - Greek…
2. Δεν αποτελεί διάκριση λόγω φύλου η λήψη θετικών μέτρων για την προώθηση της ισότητας μεταξύ ανδρών και γυναικών. Το Κράτος μεριμνά για την άρση των ανισοτήτων που υφίστανται στην πράξη, ιδίως σε βάρος των γυναικών.
… ('Αρθρο 116)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- English
…
13) …
Any act of racial, ethnic, or religious discrimination[,] also of any regionalist propaganda infringing on the internal or external security of the State or the integrity of the Republic is punishable by the law;
… (Art. 1) - French
…
13°) …
Tout acte de discrimination raciale, ethnique ou religieuse, de même que toute propagande régionaliste pouvant porter atteinte à la sécurité intérieure ou extérieure de l’Etat ou à l’intégrité de la République sont punis par la loi;
… (Art. 1)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- EnglishI. Every human being, without distinction, has legal status and capacity under the law and enjoys the rights recognized in this Constitution.
II. The State prohibits and punishes all forms of discrimination based on sex, color, age, sexual orientation, gender identity, origin, culture, nationality, citizenship, language, religious belief, ideology, political affiliation or philosophy, civil status, economic or social condition, type of occupation, level of education, disability, pregnancy, and any other discrimination that attempts to or results in the annulment of or harm to the equal recognition, enjoyment or exercise of the rights of all people.
III. The State guarantees everyone and all collectives, without discrimination, the free and effective exercise of the rights established in this Constitution, the laws and international human rights treaties.
… (Art. 14) - SpanishI. Todo ser humano tiene personalidad y capacidad jurídica con arreglo a las leyes y goza de los derechos reconocidos por esta Constitución, sin distinción alguna.
II. El Estado prohíbe y sanciona toda forma de discriminación fundada en razón de sexo, color, edad, orientación sexual, identidad de género, origen, cultura, nacionalidad, ciudadanía, idioma, credo religioso, ideología, filiación política o filosófica, estado civil, condición económica o social, tipo de ocupación, grado de instrucción, discapacidad, embarazo, u otras que tengan por objetivo o resultado anular o menoscabar el reconocimiento, goce o ejercicio, en condiciones de igualdad, de los derechos de toda persona.
III. El Estado garantiza a todas las personas y colectividades, sin discriminación alguna, el libre y eficaz ejercicio de los derechos establecidos en esta Constitución, las leyes y los tratados internacionales de derechos humanos.
… (Art. 14)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- English…
(2) Every person shall have the right to be free from discriminative treatment based upon any grounds whatsoever and shall have the right to protection from such discriminative treatment.
… (Art. 28I) - Indonesian…
(2) Setiap orang berhak bebas dari perlakuan yang bersifat diskriminatif atas dasar apa pun dan berhak mendapatkan perlindungan terhadap perlakuan yang bersifat diskriminatifitu.
… (Pasal 28I)