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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Equality and Non-Discrimination
Ecuador
- EnglishAll female and male Ecuadorians are citizens and shall enjoy the rights set forth in the Constitution.
… (Art. 6) - SpanishTodas las ecuatorianas y los ecuatorianos son ciudadanos y gozarán de los derechos establecidos en la Constitución.
… (Art. 6)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
France
- EnglishIn the morrow of the victory achieved by the free peoples over the regimes that had sought to enslave and degrade humanity, the people of France proclaim anew that each human being, without distinction of race, religion or creed, possesses sacred and inalienable rights. They solemnly reaffirm the rights and freedoms of man and the citizen enshrined in the Declaration of Rights of 1789 and the fundamental principles acknowledged in the laws of the Republic. (1946 Preamble, Sec. 1)
- FrenchAu lendemain de la victoire remportée par les peuples libres sur les régimes qui ont tenté d'asservir et de dégrader la personne humaine, le peuple français proclame à nouveau que tout être humain, sans distinction de race, de religion ni de croyance, possède des droits inaliénables et sacrés. Il réaffirme solennellement les droits et libertés de l'homme et du citoyen consacrés par la Déclaration des droits de 1789 et les principes fondamentaux reconnus par les lois de la République. (Préambule 1946, Sec. 1)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
Mauritius
- English1. Subject to subsections (4), (5) and (7), no law shall make any provision that is discriminatory either of itself or in its effect.
2. Subject to subsections (6), (7) and (8), no person shall be treated in a discriminatory manner by any person acting in the performance of any public function conferred by any law or otherwise in the performance of the functions of any public office or any public authority.
3. In this section, 'discriminatory' means affording different treatment to different persons attributable wholly or mainly to their respective descriptions by race, caste, place of origin, political opinions, colour, creed or sex whereby persons of one such description are subjected to disabilities or restrictions to which persons of another such description are not made subject or are accorded privileges or advantages that are not accorded to persons of another such description.
4. Subsection (1) shall not apply to any law so far as that law makes provision –
…
aa. for a minimum number of candidates for election to local authorities to be of a particular sex, with a view to ensuring adequate representation of each sex on a local authority;
ab. for a minimum number of candidates for election to the Rodrigues Regional Assembly to be of a particular sex, with a view to ensuring adequate representation of each sex in the Rodrigues Regional Assembly;
…
c. for the application, in the case of persons of any such description as is mentioned in subsection (3) (or of persons connected with such persons), of the law with respect to adoption, marriage, divorce, burial, devolution of property on death or other like matters that is the personal law applicable to persons of that description.
5. Nothing contained in any law shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of subsection (1) to the extent that it makes provision with respect to standards or qualifications (not being standards or qualifications specifically relating to race, caste, place of origin, political opinions, colour, creed or sex) to be required of any person who is appointed to any office in the public service, any office in a disciplined force, any office in the service of a local authority or any office in a body corporate established directly by any law for public purposes.
6. Subsection (2) shall not apply to anything which is expressly or by necessary implication authorised to be done by any such provision of law as is referred to in subsection (4) or (5).
7. Nothing contained in or done under the authority of any law shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of this section to the extent that the law in question makes provision whereby persons of any such description as is mentioned in subsection (3) may be subjected to any restriction on the rights and freedoms guaranteed by sections 9, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15, being such a restriction as is authorised by section 9(2), 11(5), 12(2), 13(2), 14(2) or 15(3), as the case may be.
8. Subsection (2) shall not affect any discretion relating to the institution, conduct or discontinuance of civil or criminal proceedings in any court that is vested in any person by or under this Constitution or any other law. (Sec. 16)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
India
- English(1) The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them.
(2) No citizen shall, on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them, be subject to any disability, liability, restriction or condition with regard to—
(a) access to shops, public restaurants, hotels and places of public entertainment; or
(b) the use of wells, tanks, bathing ghats, roads and places of public resort maintained wholly or partly out of State funds or dedicated to the use of the general public.
(3) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any special provision for women and children.
(4) Nothing in this article or in clause (2) of article 29 shall prevent the State from making any special provision for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes.
(5) Nothing in this article or in sub-clause (g) of clause (1) of article 19 shall prevent the State from making any special provision, by law, for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes or the Scheduled Tribes in so far as such special provisions relate to their admission to educational institutions including private educational institutions, whether aided or unaided by the State, other than the minority educational institutions referred to in clause (1) of article 30.
(6) Nothing in this article or sub-clause (g) of clause (1) of article 19 or clause (2) of article 29 shall prevent the State from making,—
(a) any special provision for the advancement of any economically weaker sections of citizens other than the classes mentioned in clauses (4) and (5); and
(b) any special provision for the advancement of any economically weaker sections of citizens other than the classes mentioned in clauses (4) and (5) in so far as such special provisions relate to their admission to educational institutions including private educational institutions, whether aided or unaided by the State, other than the minority educational institutions referred to in clause (1) of article 30, which in the case of reservation would be in addition to the existing reservations and subject to a maximum of ten per cent. of the total seats in each category. (Art. 15) - Hindi(1) राज्य, किसी नागरिक के विरुद्ध केवल धर्म, मूलवंश, जाति, लिंग, जन्मस्थान या इनमें से किसी के आधार पर कोई विभेद नहीं करेगा।
(2) कोई नागरिक केवल धर्म, मूलवंश, जाति, लिंग, जन्मस्थान या इनमें से किसी के आधार पर निम्नलिखित के संबंध में किसी भी निर्योग्यता, दायित्व, निर्बंधन या शर्त के अधीन नहीं होगा—
(क) दुकानों, सार्वजनिक भोजनालयों, होटलों और सार्वजनिक मनोरंजन के स्थानों में प्रवेश; या
(ख) पूर्णत: या भागत: राज्य-निधि से पोषित या साधारण जनता के प्रयोग के लिए समर्पित कुओं, तालाबों, स्नानघाटों, सड़कों और सार्वजनिक समागम के स्थानों के उपयोग।
(3) इस अनुच्छेद की कोई बात राज्य को स्त्रियों और बालकों के लिए कोई विशेष उपबंध करने से निवारित नहीं करेगी।
(4) इस अनुच्छेद की या अनुच्छेद 29 के खंड (2) की कोई बात राज्य को सामाजिक और शैक्षिक दृष्टि से पिछड़े हुए नागरिकों के किन्हीं वर्गों की उन्नति के लिए या अनुसूचित जातियों और अनुसूचित जनजातियों के लिए कोई विशेष उपबंध करने से निवारित नहीं करेगी।
(5) इस अनुच्छेद या अनुच्छेद 19 के खंड (1) के उपखंड (छ) की कोई बात राज्य को सामाजिक और शैक्षिक दृष्टि से पिछड़े हुए नागरिकों के किन्हीं वर्गों की उन्नति के लिए या अनुसूचित जातियों या अनुसूचित जनजातियों के लिए, विधि द्वारा, कोई विशेष उपबंध करने से निवारित नहीं करेगी, जहां तक ऐसे विशेष उपबंध, अनुच्छेद 30 के खंड (1) में निर्दिष्ट अल्पसंख्यक शिक्षा संस्थाओं से भिन्न, शिक्षा संस्थाओं में, जिनके अंतर्गत प्राइवेट शिक्षा संस्थाएं भी हैं, चाहे वे राज्य से सहायता प्राप्त हों या नहीं, प्रवेश से संबंधित हैं।
(6) इस अनुच्छेद या अनुच्छेद 19 के खंड (1) के उपखंड (छ) या अनुच्छेद 29 के खंड (2) में कोई बात राज्य को निम्नलिखित प्रावधान करने से निवारित नहीं करेगी, —
(क) खंड (4) और (5) में उल्लिखित श्रेणियों के अतिरिक्त नागरिकों के किन्हीं आर्थिक रूप से कमजोर वर्गों की उन्नति के लिए कोई विशेष प्रावधान; और
(ख) खंड (4) और (5) में उल्लिखित श्रेणियों के अतिरिक्त नागरिकों के किन्हीं आर्थिक रूप से कमजोर वर्गों की उन्नति के लिए कोई विशेष प्रावधान जहां तक ऐसे विशेष प्रावधान अनुच्छेद 30 के खंड (1) में निर्दिष्ट अल्पसंख्यक शिक्षा संस्थाओं से भिन्न, शिक्षा संस्थाओं में, जिनके अंतर्गत प्राइवेट शिक्षा संस्थाएं भी हैं, चाहे वे राज्य से सहायता प्राप्त हों या नहीं, प्रवेश से संबंधित हैं, जो आरक्षण के मामले में वर्तमान आरक्षण के अतिरिक्त होगा और प्रत्येक श्रणी में कुल सीटों के अधिकतम दस प्रतिशत के शर्ताधीन होगा। (अनुच्छेद 15)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
Haiti
- EnglishThe Haitian people proclaim this Constitution:
…
To fortify the national unity, eliminating all discrimination between the populations, of the towns and of the countryside, by the acceptance of the community of languages and of culture and by the recognition of the right to progress, to information, to education, to health, to work and to leisure for all citizens [masculine] and citizens [feminine].
…
To establish a governmental regime based on the fundamental liberties and the respect for human rights, the social peace, economic equity, the equity of gender, the concerted [action] and the participation of all the population in the grand decisions engaging the national life, by an effective decentralization.
To assure to women a representation in the instances of power and of decision which must conform to the equality of the sexes and to equity of gender. (Preamble) - FrenchLe Peuple Haïtien proclame la présente Constitution:
…
Pour fortifier l'unité nationale, en éliminant toutes discrimations entre les populations des villes et des campagnes, par l'acceptation de la communauté de langues et de culture et par la reconnaissance du droit au progrès, à l'information, à l'éducation, à la santé, au travail et au loisir pour tous les citoyens et citoyennes.
…
Pour instaurer un régime gouvernamental basé sur les libertés fondamentales et le respect des droits humains, la paix sociale, l’equité économique, l’équité de genre, la concertation et la participation de toute la population aux grandes décisions engageant la vie nationale, par une décentralisation effective.
Pour assurer aux femmes une représentation dans les instances de pouvoir et de décision qui soit conforme à l’égalité des sexes et à l’équité de genre. (Préambule)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
Malta
- EnglishThe State shall promote the equal right of men and women to enjoy all economic, social, cultural, civil and political rights and for this purpose shall take appropriate measures to eliminate all forms of discrimination between the sexes by any person, organisation or enterprise;
… (Art. 14) - MalteseL-Istat għandu jippromwovi dritt ugwali ta’ rġiel u nisa li jgawdu d-drittijiet ekonomiċi, soċjali, kulturali, ċivili u politiċi kollha u għal dan il-għan għandu jieħu dawk il-miżuri li jkunu ndikati biex jelimina kull forma ta’ diskriminazzjoni bejn is-sessi, minn kull persuna, organizzazzjoni jew azjenda;
… (Art. 14)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
Niger
- EnglishAll Nigeriens are born and remain free and equal in rights and in duties. However, the access of certain categories of citizens to electoral mandates, to elective functions and to public employments may be favored by particular measures specified by the law. (Art. 10)
- FrenchTous les Nigériens naissent et demeurent libres et égaux en droits et en devoirs. Toutefois, l’accès de certaines catégories de citoyens aux mandats électoraux, aux fonctions électives et aux emplois publics peut être favorisé par des mesures particulières prévues par la loi. (Art. 10)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
Kazakhstan
- English1. Everyone shall be equal before the law and court.
2. No one shall be subject to any discrimination for reasons of origin, social, property status, occupation, sex, race, nationality, language, attitude towards religion, convictions, place of residence or any other circumstances. (Art. 14) - Kazak1. Заң мен сот алдында жұрттың бәрi тең.
2. Тегiне, әлеуметтiк, лауазымдық және мүлiктiк жағдайына, жынысына, нәсiлiне, ұлтына, тiлiне, дiнге көзқарасына, нанымына, тұрғылықты жерiне байланысты немесе кез келген өзге жағдаяттар бойынша ешкiмдi ешқандай кемсiтуге болмайды. (14-бап)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
Paraguay
- EnglishThe State will guarantee to all inhabitants of the Republic:
1. Equality in access to justice, for which effect it will level [allanará] the obstacles that would prevent it;
2. Equality before the laws;
3. Equality in access to the non-elective public functions, without any requirement other than suitability [for the job], and
4. Equal opportunities in the participation of the benefits of nature, of the material assets, and of the culture. (Art. 47) - SpanishEl Estado garantizará a todos los habitantes de la República:
1. la igualdad para el acceso a la justicia, a cuyo efecto allanará los obstáculos que la impidiesen;
2. la igualdad ante las leyes;
3. la igualdad para el acceso a las funciones públicas no electivas, sin más requisitos que la idoneidad, y
4. la igualdad de oportunidades en la participación de los beneficios de la naturaleza, de los bienes materiales y de la cultura. (Art. 47)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
Poland
- English1. Men and women shall have equal rights in family, political, social and economic life in the Republic of Poland.
2. Men and women shall have equal rights, in particular, regarding education, employment and promotion, and shall have the right to equal compensation for work of similar value, to social security as well as to hold offices, perform functions as well as to receive public honours and decorations. (Art. 33) - Polish1. Kobieta i mężczyzna w Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej mają równe prawa w życiu rodzinnym, politycznym, społecznym i gospodarczym.
2. Kobieta i mężczyzna mają w szczególności równe prawo do kształcenia, zatrudnienia i awansów, do jednakowego wynagradzania za pracę jednakowej wartości, do zabezpieczenia społecznego oraz do zajmowania stanowisk, pełnienia funkcji oraz uzyskiwania godności publicznych i odznaczeń. (Art. 33)