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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Judicial Protection
- EnglishCitizens individually or collectively shall be entitled to file a special petition for protection against judgments, final writs or resolutions that have the force of sentencing. For ruling on the admissibility of this appeal, the court shall check compliance with the following requirements:
1. That the judgments, writs and resolutions are final and fully enforceable.
2. That the complainant shows that, in the judgment, there has been a breach, either by deed or omission, of due process of law or other rights enshrined in the Constitution. (Art. 437) - SpanishLos ciudadanos en forma individual o colectiva podrán presentar una acción extraordinaria de protección contra sentencias, autos definitivos y resoluciones con fuerza de sentencia. Para la admisión de este recurso la Corte constatará el cumplimiento de los siguientes requisitos:
1. Que se trate de sentencias, autos y resoluciones firmes o ejecutoriados.
2. Que el recurrente demuestre que en el juzgamiento se ha violado, por acción u omisión, el debido proceso u otros derechos reconocidos en la Constitución. (Art. 437)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishThe state recognizes the guarantee of amparo.
Consequently, any aggrieved person, or any other in his name, has the right to interpose the recourse of amparo:
1) so that the enjoyment and benefit [goce y disfrute] of the rights and guarantees that the Constitution, the treaties, conventions and other international instruments establish[,] are maintained or restituted; and
2) so that in specific [concretos] cases that a regulation, act [hecho], act [acto] or resolution of authority is declared to not obligate the petitioner [recurrente] or is not applicable to contravene, diminish or distort any of the rights recognized by this Constitution.
When the action of amparo is interposed before a non-competent Jurisdictional Organ, the written original must be remitted to the competent Jurisdictional Organ.
The recourse of amparo must be interposed in conformity with the law. (Art. 183) - SpanishEl Estado reconoce la garantía de amparo.
En consecuencia toda persona agraviada o cualquiera en nombre de ésta, tiene derecho a interponer recurso de amparo:
1) Para que se le mantenga o restituya en el goce y disfrute de los derechos o garantías que la Constitución, los tratados, convenciones y otros instrumentos internacionales establecen; y,
2) Para que se declare en casos concretos que un reglamento, hecho, acto o resolución de autoridad, no obliga, al recurrente ni es aplicable por contravenir, disminuir o tergiversar cualesquiera de los derechos reconocidos por esta Constitución.
Cuando la acción de amparo se interrumpiese ante un órgano Jurisdiccional incompetente éste debe remitir el escrito original al órgano Jurisdiccional competente.
El recurso de Amparo se debe interponer de conformidad con la Ley. (Art. 183)
Judicial Protection
- English(1) If any person alleges that any of the provisions of sections 2 to 15 inclusive has been, is being or is likely to be contravened in relation to him or her (or, in the case of a person who is detained, if any other person alleges such a contravention in relation to the detained person), then, without prejudice to any other action with respect to the same matter which is lawfully available, that person (or that other person) may apply to the High Court for redress.
(2) The High Court shall have original jurisdiction—
(a) to hear and determine any application made by any person in pursuance of subsection (1); and
(b) to determine any question arising in the case of any person which is referred to it in pursuance of subsection (3),
and may make such declarations and orders, issue such writs and give such directions as it may consider appropriate for the purpose of enforcing or securing the enforcement of any of the provisions of sections 2 to 15 (inclusive):
Provided that the High Court may decline to exercise its powers under this subsection if it is satisfied that adequate means of redress for the contravention alleged are or have been available to the person concerned under any other law.
(3) If in any proceedings in any court (other than the Court of Appeal or the High Court or a court-martial) any question arises as to the contravention of any of the provisions of sections 2 to 15 (inclusive), the person presiding in that court may, and shall if any party to the proceedings so requests, refer the question to the High Court unless, in his or her opinion, the raising of the question is merely frivolous or vexatious.
(4) Where any question is referred to the High Court in pursuance of subsection (3), the High Court shall give its decision upon the question and the court in which the question arose shall dispose of the case in accordance with that decision or, if that decision is the subject of an appeal to the Court of Appeal or to Her Majesty in Council, in accordance with the decision of the Court of Appeal or, as the case may be, of Her Majesty in Council.
(5) The High Court shall have such powers in addition to those conferred by this section as may be conferred upon it by Parliament for the purpose of enabling it more effectively to exercise the jurisdiction conferred upon it by this section.
(6) The Chief Justice may make rules with respect to the practice and procedure of the High Court in relation to the jurisdiction and powers conferred on it by or under this section (including rules with respect to the time within which applications may be brought and references shall be made to the High Court). (Sec. 16)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishThe Popular Action (la Accion Popular) shall proceed against any act or omission by the authorities or individuals or collectives that violates or threatens to violate rights and collective interests related to public patrimony, space, security and health, the environment and other rights of a similar nature that are recognized by this Constitution. (Art. 135)
- SpanishLa Acción Popular procederá contra todo acto u omisión de las autoridades o de personas individuales o colectivas que violen o amenacen con violar derechos e intereses colectivos, relacionados con el patrimonio, el espacio, la seguridad y salubridad pública, el medio ambiente y otros de similar naturaleza reconocidos por esta Constitución. (Art. 135)
Judicial Protection
- English
All persons, in the exercise of their rights and legitimate interests, have the right to obtain effective judicial guardianship,
… (Art. 69) - Spanish
Toda persona, en el ejercicio de sus derechos e intereses legítimos, tiene derecho a obtener la tutela judicial efectiva,
… (Art. 69)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishSubject to the provisions of section 37(7) of this Constitution, an appeal shall lie from decisions of the High Court to the Court of Appeal as of right in the following cases-
…
(b) final decisions given in exercise of the jurisdiction conferred on the High Court by section 16 of this Constitution (which relates to the enforcement of the fundamental rights and freedoms). (Sec. 103)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishThe Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation will take cognizance of, in the terms that the regulatory law specifies, the following matters:
...
II. Of the actions of unconstitutionality that have for their object to establish [plantear] the possible contradiction between a norm of general character and this Constitution.
The actions of unconstitutionality can be exercised, during the thirty natural days following the date of publication of the norm, by:
...
g) The National Commission of Human Rights, against laws of federal character or of the federative entities, as well as international treaties celebrated by the Federal Executive and approved by the Senate of the Republic, that make vulnerable the human rights consecrated in this Constitution and in the international treaties to which Mexico is party. Also the equivalent organs [organismos] of protection of human rights in the federative entities, against laws enacted by the Legislatures.
... (Art. 105) - SpanishLa Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación conocerá, en los términos que señale la ley reglamentaria, de los asuntos siguientes:
...
II. De las acciones de inconstitucionalidad que tengan por objeto plantear la posible contradicción entre una norma de carácter general y esta Constitución.
Las acciones de inconstitucionalidad podrán ejercitarse, dentro de los treinta días naturales siguientes a la fecha de publicación de la norma, por:
...
g) La Comisión Nacional de los Derechos Humanos, en contra de leyes de carácter federal o de las entidades federativas, así como de tratados internacionales celebrados por el Ejecutivo Federal y aprobados por el Senado de la República, que vulneren los derechos humanos consagrados en esta Constitución y en los tratados internacionales de los que México sea parte. Asimismo, los organismos de protección de los derechos humanos equivalentes en las entidades federativas, en contra de leyes expedidas por las Legislaturas;
... (Art. 105)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishInsofar as the judge considers the application of a legal rule in the particular case brought before him to be contrary to one or more constitutional rights mentioned in Chapter V4, the application in that case shall be declared unwarranted by him. (Art. 137)
- DutchVoor zover de rechter in een concreet aan hem voorgelegd geval toepassing van een bepaling van een wet strijdig oordeelt met één of meer der in Hoofdstuk V genoemde grondrechten, verklaart hij die toepassing voor dat geval ongeoorloofd. (Art. 137)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishAny person shall file a prompt and summary proceeding regarding constitutional guarantees, provided there is no other legal remedy, against any act or omission of the public authorities or individuals which currently or imminently may damage, limit, modify or threaten rights and guarantees recognized by this Constitution, treaties or laws, with open arbitrariness or illegality. In such case, the judge may declare that the act or omission is based on an unconstitutional rule.
… (Sec. 43) - SpanishToda persona puede interponer acción expedita y rápida de amparo, siempre que no exista otro medio judicial más idóneo, contra todo acto u omisión de autoridades públicas o de particulares, que en forma actual o inminente lesione, restrinja, altere o amenace, con arbitrariedad o ilegalidad manifiesta, derechos y garantías reconocidos por esta Constitución, un tratado o una ley. En el caso, el juez podrá declarar la inconstitucionalidad de la norma en que se funde el acto u omisión lesiva.
… (Art. 43)
Judicial Protection
- English
The federal judges have the competence to institute legal proceeding and trial of:
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V-A – cases regarding human rights referred to in paragraph 5 of this article;
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Paragraph 5. In cases of serious human rights violations, and with a view to ensuring compliance with obligations deriving from international human rights treaties to which Brazil is a party, the Attorney-General of the Republic may request, before the Superior Court of Justice, and in the course of any of the stages of the inquiry or judicial action, that jurisdiction on the matter be taken to Federal Justice. (Art. 109) - Portuguese
Aos juízes federais compete processar e julgar:
…
V-A as causas relativas a direitos humanos a que se refere o § 5º deste artigo;
…
§ 5º Nas hipóteses de grave violação de direitos humanos, o ProcuradorGeral da República, com a finalidade de assegurar o cumprimento de obrigações decorrentes de tratados internacionais de direitos humanos dos quais o Brasil seja parte, poderá suscitar, perante o Superior Tribunal de Justiça, em qualquer fase do inquérito ou processo, incidente de deslocamento de competência para a Justiça Federal. (Art. 109)