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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Judicial Protection
- English(1) When interpreting the Bill of Rights, a court, tribunal or forum –
(a) must promote the values that underlie an open and democratic society based on human dignity, equality and freedom;
(b) must consider international law; and
(c) may consider foreign law.
(2) When interpreting any legislation, and when developing the common law or customary law, every court, tribunal or forum must promote the spirit, purport and objects of the Bill of Rights.
(3) The Bill of Rights does not deny the existence of any other rights or freedoms that are recognised or conferred by common law, customary law or legislation, to the extent that they are consistent with the Bill. (Sec. 39)
Judicial Protection
- English(1) In relation to any act (or proposed act) of a public authority which the court finds is (or would be) unlawful, it may grant such relief or remedy, or make such order, within its powers as it considers just and appropriate.
(2) But damages may be awarded only by a court which has power to award damages, or to order the payment of compensation, in civil proceedings.
(3) No award of damages is to be made unless, taking account of all the circumstances of the case, including—
(a) any other relief or remedy granted, or order made, in relation to the act in question (by that or any other court), and
(b) the consequences of any decision (of that or any other court) in respect of that act, the court is satisfied that the award is necessary to afford just satisfaction to the person in whose favour it is made.
(4) In determining—
(a) whether to award damages, or
(b) the amount of an award, the court must take into account the principles applied by the European Court of Human Rights in relation to the award of compensation under Article 41 of the Convention.
… (Human Rights Act 1998, Sec. 8)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishSubject to the provisions of section 44 of this Constitution, an appeal shall lie from decisions of the High Court to the Court of Appeal as of right in the following cases-
…
b. final decisions given in exercise of the jurisdiction conferred on the High Court by section 18 of this Constitution (which relates to the enforcement of the fundamental rights and freedom);
… (Sec. 121)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishIn addition to what is mentioned in the previous articles, an Act shall determine the other resources, actions, and procedures necessary to protect, through the integrity of the legal order, the individual rights of groups or collectives against the acts or omissions of public authorities. (Art. 89)
- SpanishAdemás de los consagrados en los artículos anteriores, la ley establecerá los demás recursos, las acciones, y los procedimientos necesarios para que puedan propugnar por la integridad del orden jurídico, y por la protección de sus derechos individuales, de grupo o colectivos, frente a la acción u omisión de las autoridades públicas. (Art. 89)
Judicial Protection
- English
(1) A right or freedom referred to in this Division6 shall be protected by, and is enforceable in, the Supreme Court or the National Court or any other court prescribed for the purpose by an Act of the Parliament, either on its own initiative or on application by any person who has an interest in its protection and enforcement, or in the case of a person who is, in the opinion of the court, unable fully and freely to exercise his rights under this section by a person acting on his behalf, whether or not by his authority.
(2) For the purposes of this section-
(a) the Law Officers of Papua New Guinea; and
(b) any other persons prescribed for the purpose by an Act of the Parliament; and
(c) any other persons with an interest (whether personal or not) in the maintenance of the principles commonly known as the Rule of Law such that, in the opinion of the court concerned, they ought to be allowed to appear and be heard on the matter in question, have an interest in the protection and enforcement of the rights and freedoms referred to in this Division, but this subsection does not limit the persons or classes of persons who have such an interest.
… (Sec. 57)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishThe Constitutional Court shall perform the following duties, in addition to those granted to it by the law:
1. To be the supreme body for interpreting the Constitution and international human rights treaties ratified by the Ecuadorian State by its rulings and judgments. Its decisions shall be binding.
…
6. To issue judgments that constitute binding case law with respect to actions of protection, enforcement, habeas corpus, habeas data, access to public information and other constitutional processes, as well as those cases selected by the Court for review.
…
8. To ensure, by virtue of its office and immediately, monitoring of the constitutionality of the declarations of state of emergency, when this involves the suspension of constitutional rights.
… (Art. 436) - SpanishLa Corte Constitucional ejercerá, además de las que le confiera la ley, las siguientes atribuciones:
1. Ser la máxima instancia de interpretación de la Constitución, de los tratados internacionales de derechos humanos ratificados por el Estado ecuatoriano, a través de sus dictámenes y sentencias. Sus decisiones tendrán carácter vinculante.
…
6. Expedir sentencias que constituyan jurisprudencia vinculante respecto de las acciones de protección, cumplimiento, hábeas corpus, hábeas data, acceso a la información pública y demás procesos constitucionales, así como los casos seleccionados por la Corte para su revisión.
…
8. Efectuar de oficio y de modo inmediato el control de constitucionalidad de las declaratorias de los estados de excepción, cuando impliquen la suspensión de derechos constitucionales.
… (Art. 436)
Judicial Protection
- English1. Everyone shall have the right to appeal to state authorities, local self governance bodies as well as officials thereof; these officials should provide a substantiated answer within the deadlines envisaged in the law.
2. Everyone shall have the right to apply in accordance with international treaties to international human rights bodies seeking protection of violated rights and freedoms. (Art. 41) - Russian1. Каждый имеет право на обращение в органы государственной власти, органы местного самоуправления и к их должностным лицам, которые обязаны предоставить обоснованный ответ в установленный законом срок.
2. Каждый имеет право в соответствии с международными договорами обращаться в международные органы по правам человека за защитой нарушенных прав и свобод. (Статья 41) - Kyrgyz1. Ар ким мамлекеттик бийлик органдарына, жергиликтүү өз алдынча башкаруу органдарына жана алардын кызмат адамдарына кайрылууга укуктуу, алар ага мыйзам менен белгиленген мөөнөттөрдө негиздүү жооп берүүгө милдеттүү.
2. Ар ким бузулган укуктары менен эркиндиктерин коргоо үчүн эл аралык келишимдерге ылайык адам укуктары боюнча эл аралык органдарга кайрылууга укуктуу. (41-берене)
Judicial Protection
- English
The President of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall:
...
10-1) in the interests of protecting the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, ensuring national security, sovereignty and integrity of the state, sends an appeal to the Constitutional Court on consideration of the law or other legal act that has entered into force for compliance with the Constitution of the Republic, on giving an opinion in the case provided for in paragraph 3 of article 91 of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan;
... (Art. 44) - Kazak
Қазақстан Республикасының Президенті:
...
10-1) адамның және азаматтың құқықтары мен бостандықтарын қорғау, мемлекеттің ұлттық қауіпсіздігін, егемендігі мен тұтастығын қамтамасыз ету мүддесінде, күшіне енген заңды немесе өзге де құқықтық актіні Республика Конституциясына сәйкестігіне қарау туралы, Қазақстан Республикасы Конституциясының 91-бабының 3-тармағында көзделген жағдайда қорытынды беру туралы Конституциялық Сотқа өтініш жолдайды;
... (44-бап)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishCivil rights cases are exclusively the competence of the courts. (Art. 173-1)
- FrenchLes contestations qui ont pour objet les droits civils sont exclusivement du ressort des tribunaux. (Art. 173.1)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishEvery person shall be entitled to apply to the Supreme Court, as provided by Article 1265, in respect of the infringement or imminent infringement, by executive or administrative action, of a fundamental right to which such person is entitled under the provisions of this Chapter. (Art. 17)
- Sinhalaමේ පරිච්ඡේදයේ විධිවිධාන යටතේ යම් තැනැත්තකුට හිමි වන යම් මූලික අයිතිවාසිකමක් යම් විධායක හෝ පරිපාලනමය ක්රියාවක් මගින් උල්ලංඝනය කර තිබීම හෝ උල්ලංඝනය කිරීමට අත්යාසන්නව තිබීම හෝ සම්බන්ධයෙන් 126 වැනි ව්යවස්ථාවේ විධිවිධාන සලසා ඇති පරිදි ශ්රේෂ්ඨාධිකරණයට ඉල්ලීමක් කිරීමට ඒ තැනැත්තාට හිමිකම් ඇත්තේ ය. (17 වැනි වගන්තිය)