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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Judicial Protection
- EnglishThe Supreme Court of Justice will have a Constitutional Chamber [Sala de lo Constitucional], to which it will correspond to take cognizance of and resolve the complaints [demandas] of unconstitutionality of the laws, decrees and regulations, the processes of amparo, [and] habeas corpus, … (Art. 174)
- SpanishLa Corte Suprema de Justicia tendrá una Sala de lo Constitucional, a la cual corresponderá conocer y resolverlas demandas de inconstitucionalidad de las leyes, decretos y reglamentos, los procesos de amparo, el habeas corpus, … (Art. 174)
Judicial Protection
- English
The Constitutional Court is the judge of the constitutionality of the laws and of the regularity of the elections. It guarantees the fundamental rights of the human person and the public freedoms.
… (Art. 83)5 - French
La Cour constitutionnelle est la plus haute juridiction de l'État en matière constitutionnelle. Elle est juge de la constitutionnalité des lois et de la régularité des élections. Elle garantit les droits fondamentaux de la personne humaine et les libertés publiques.
… (Art. 83)
Judicial Protection
- English(1) Everyone may assert, through the prescribed procedure, her rights before an independent and impartial court or, in specified cases, before another body.
(2) Unless a law provides otherwise, a person who claims that her rights were curtailed by a decision of a public administrative authority may turn to a court for review of the legality of that decision. However, judicial review of decisions affecting the fundamental rights and freedoms listed in this Charter may not be removed from the jurisdiction of courts.
… (Charter, Art. 36) - Czech(1) Každý se může domáhat stanoveným postupem svého práva u nezávislého a nestranného soudu a ve stanovených případech u jiného orgánu.
(2) Kdo tvrdí, že byl na svých právech zkrácen rozhodnutím orgánu veřejné správy, může se obrátit na soud, aby přezkoumal zákonnost takového rozhodnutí, nestanoví-li zákon jinak. Z pravomoci soudu však nesmí být vyloučeno přezkoumávání rozhodnutí týkajících se základních práv a svobod podle Listiny.
… (Listina, Čl. 36)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishThe Supreme Court of Justice, will be organized in chambers, one of which is the Constitutional [Chamber], …
The Constitutional Chamber has the following attributions:
1) To take cognizance[,] in conformity with this Constitution and the law, of the recourses of Habeas Corpus or Personal Exhibition [Exhibición Personal], Habeas Data, Amparo, Unconstitutionality and Revision,
… (Art. 316) - SpanishLa Corte Suprema de Justicia, está organizada en salas, una de las cuales es la de lo Constitucional, …
La Sala de lo Constitucional tiene las atribuciones siguientes:
1. Conocer, de conformidad con esta Constitución y la Ley, de los recursos de Habeas Corpus o Exhibición Personal, Habeas Data, Amparo, Inconstitucionalidad y Revisión;
… (Art. 316)
Judicial Protection
- English1. If any person alleges that any of the provisions of sections 4 to 21 (inclusive)5 of this Constitution has been, is being or is likely to be contravened in relation to him (or, in the case of a person who is detained, if any other person alleges such a contravention in relation to the detained person), then, without prejudice to any other action with respect to the same matter which is lawfully available, that person (or that other person) may apply to the High Court for redress.
2. The High Court shall have original jurisdiction—
a. to hear and determine any application made by any person in pursuance of subsection (1); and
b. to determine any question arising in the case of any person which is referred to it in pursuance of subsection (3), and may make such orders, issue such process and give such directions as it may consider appropriate for the purpose of enforcing or securing the enforcement of any of the provisions of sections 4 to 21 (inclusive) of this Constitution:
Provided that the High Court may decline to exercise its powers under this subsection if it is satisfied that adequate means of redress for the contravention alleged are or have been available to the person concerned under any other law.
3. If in any proceedings in any subordinate court any question arises as to the contravention of any of the provisions of sections 4 to 21 (inclusive) of this Constitution, the person presiding in that court may, and shall if any party to the proceedings so requests, refer the question to the High Court unless, in his opinion, the raising of the question is merely frivolous or vexatious.
… (Sec. 22)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishIf, during proceedings in progress before a court of law, it is claimed that a legislative provision infringes the rights and freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution, the matter may be referred by the Conseil d’État or by the Cour de Cassation to the Constitutional Council which shall rule within a determined period.
… (1958 Constitution, Art. 61-1) - FrenchLorsque, à l'occasion d'une instance en cours devant une juridiction, il est soutenu qu'une disposition législative porte atteinte aux droits et libertés que la Constitution garantit, le Conseil constitutionnel peut être saisi de cette question sur renvoi du Conseil d'État ou de la Cour de cassation qui se prononce dans un délai déterminé.
… (Constitution 1958, Art. 61-1)
Judicial Protection
- English
The disputes that Article 103 of the Constitution concerns, with the exception of those in electoral matters, will be subject to the procedures and formalities [formas] of the juridical order that the law determines, in accordance with the following bases:
I. A trial in amparo will always be held [seguirá] at the instance of the party injured [agrivada], having such character any [person] claiming to be entitled [titular] to a right or to an individual or collective interest, whenever it [is] alleged that the challenged act violates the rights recognized by the Constitution and furthermore affects its juridical sphere, either in direct manner or by virtue of its special situation before [frente] the juridical order.
Concerning the acts or resolutions proceeding from the judicial, administrative or labor tribunals, the complainant must claim to be entitled to a subjective right that affects them in a personal and direct manner;
…
V.
…
The Supreme Court of Justice can, of office or on substantiated petition of the corresponding Collegiate Circuit Tribunal, of the Attorney General of the Republic, in the matters in which the Public Ministry of the Federation is a part, or of the Federal Executive, through the Juridical Councilor of the Government, take cognizance of the direct amparos that by their interest and transcendence [trascendencia] so merit it.
…
VIII. Against the decisions that the District Judges [feminine] and the District Judges [masculine] or the Collegiate Tribunals of Appeal issue in amparo[,] revision proceeds. The Supreme Court of Justice will take cognizance of them:
a) When general norms have been challenged in the demand of amparo, for considering them [estimaraos] directly in violation of this Constitution, the issue [problema] of constitutionality subsisting in the recourse.
b) When it concerns those cases comprehended in fractions II and III of Article 103 of this Constitution.
The Supreme Court of Justice can, of office or on substantiated petition of the corresponding Collegiate Circuit Tribunal, of the Attorney General of the Republic, in the matters in which the Public Ministry of the federation is a part, or of the Federal Executive, through the Juridical Councilor of the Government, take cognizance of the amparos in revision, that by their interest and transcendence so merit it.
… (Art. 107) - Spanish
Las controversias de que habla el artículo 103 de esta Constitución, con excepción de aquellas en materia electoral, se sujetarán a los procedimientos que determine la ley reglamentaria, de acuerdo con las bases siguientes:
I. El juicio de amparo se seguirá siempre a instancia de parte agraviada, teniendo tal carácter quien aduce ser titular de un derecho o de un interés legítimo individual o colectivo, siempre que alegue que el acto reclamado viola los derechos reconocidos por esta Constitución y con ello se afecte su esfera jurídica, ya sea de manera directa o en virtud de su especial situación frente al orden jurídico.
Tratándose de actos o resoluciones provenientes de tribunales judiciales, administrativos o del trabajo, el quejoso deberá aducir ser titular de un derecho subjetivo que se afecte de manera personal y directa;
…
V.
…
La Suprema Corte de Justicia, de oficio o a petición fundada del correspondiente Tribunal Colegiado de Circuito, del Fiscal General de la República, en los asuntos en que el Ministerio Público de la Federación sea parte, o del Ejecutivo Federal, por conducto del Consejero Jurídico del Gobierno, podrá conocer de los amparos directos que por su interés y trascendencia así lo ameriten.
…
VIII. Contra las sentencias que pronuncien en amparo las Juezas y los Jueces de Distrito o los Tribunales Colegiados de Apelación procede revisión. De ella conocerá la Suprema Corte de Justicia:
a) Cuando habiéndose impugnado en la demanda de amparo normas generales por estimarlas directamente violatorias de esta Constitución, subsista en el recurso el problema de constitucionalidad.
b) Cuando se trate de los casos comprendidos en las fracciones II y III del artículo 103 de esta Constitución.
La Suprema Corte de Justicia, de oficio o a petición fundada del correspondiente Tribunal Colegiado de Circuito, del Fiscal General de la República, en los asuntos en que el Ministerio Público de la Federación sea parte, o del Ejecutivo Federal, por conducto del Consejero Jurídico del Gobierno, podrá conocer de los amparos en revisión, que por su interés y trascendencia así lo ameriten.
… (Art. 107)
Judicial Protection
- English1. The human rights and freedoms enshrined in this Chapter6 shall be respected and upheld by the executive, legislature, judiciary and all organs of the Government and its agencies and, where applicable to them, by all natural and legal persons in Malawi and shall be enforceable in the manner prescribed in this Chapter.
2. Any person or group of persons, natural or legal, with sufficient interest in the promotion, protection and enforcement of rights under this Chapter shall be entitled to the assistance of the courts, the Ombudsman, the Human Rights Commission and other organs of the Government to ensure the promotion, protection and enforcement of those rights and the redress of any grievances in respect of those rights. (Sec. 15)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishEveryone shall have the right to legal remedy against the decision ruling on the right or legally based interest thereof. (Art. 20)
- MontenegrinSvako ima pravo na pravni lijek protiv odluke kojom se odlučuje o njegovom pravu ili na zakonom zasnovanom interesu. (Član 20)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishSubject to the provisions of section 39(8), an appeal shall lie from decisions of the High Court to the Court of Appeal as of right in the following cases—
…
(b) final decisions given in exercise of the jurisdiction conferred on the High Court by section 16 (which relates to the enforcement of the fundamental rights and freedoms); and
… (Sec. 107)