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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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National Human Rights Bodies
Armenia
- English1. The Human Rights Defender shall be an independent official, who shall follow the respect for human rights and freedoms by state and local self-government bodies and officials, as well as by organizations in cases stipulated by the Law on the Human Rights Defender, and shall facilitate the restoration of violated rights and freedoms and the improvement of the normative legal acts related to human rights and freedoms.
2. The Human Rights Defender shall present to the National Assembly an annual communication on his activities and on the situation of protection of human rights and freedoms. The communication may contain recommendations on legislative or other measures.
3. State and local self-government bodies and officials shall be obliged to provide the necessary documents, information, and clarifications to and support the work of the Human Rights Defender in the manner stipulated by law.
4. Other powers of the Human Rights Defender shall be stipulated by the Law on the Human Rights Defender. (Art. 191) - Armenian1. Մարդու իրավունքների պաշտպանն անկախ պաշտոնատար անձ է, որը հետևում է պետական և տեղական ինքնակառավարման մարմինների ու պաշտոնատար անձանց, իսկ Մարդու իրավունքների պաշտպանի մասին օրենքով սահմանված դեպքերում` նաև կազմակերպությունների կողմից մարդու իրավունքների և ազատությունների պահպանմանը, նպաստում է խախտված իրավունքների և ազատությունների վերականգնմանը, իրավունքներին ու ազատություններին առնչվող նորմատիվ իրավական ակտերի կատարելագործմանը:
2. Մարդու իրավունքների պաշտպանը տարեկան հաղորդում է ներկայացնում Ազգային ժողով իր գործունեության, մարդու իրավունքների և ազատությունների պաշտպանության վիճակի մասին: Հաղորդումը կարող է պարունակել օրենսդրական կամ այլ բնույթի միջոցառումների վերաբերյալ առաջարկներ:
3. Պետական և տեղական ինքնակառավարման մարմիններն ու պաշտոնատար անձինք պարտավոր են օրենքով սահմանված կարգով Մարդու իրավունքների պաշտպանին տրամադրել անհրաժեշտ փաստաթղթեր, տեղեկություններ և պարզաբանումներ, ինչպես նաև աջակցել նրա աշխատանքներին:
4. Մարդու իրավունքների պաշտպանի այլ լիազորությունները սահմանվում են Մարդու իրավունքների պաշտպանի մասին օրենքով: (Հոդված 191)
National Human Rights Bodies
Serbia
- EnglishThe Civic Defender shall be independent state body who shall protect citizens' rights and monitor the work of public administration bodies, body in charge of legal protection of proprietary rights and interests of the Republic of Serbia, as well as other bodies and organizations, companies and institutions to which public powers have been delegated.
The Civic Defender shall not be authorized to monitor the work of the National Assembly, President of the Republic, Government, Constitutional Court, courts and Public Prosecutor's Offices.
The Civic Defender shall be elected and dismissed by the National Assembly, in accordance with the Constitution and Law.
… (Art. 138) - Serbian CyrillicЗаштитник грађана је независан државни орган који штити права грађана и контролише рад органа државне управе, органа надлежног за правну заштиту имовинских права и интереса Републике Србије, као и других органа и организација, предузећа и установа којима су поверена јавна овлашћења.
Заштитник грађана није овлашћен да контролише рад Народне скупштине, председника Републике, Владе, Уставног суда, судова и јавних тужилаштава.
Заштитника грађана бира и разрешава Народна скупштина, у складу са Уставом и законом.
... (Члан 138)
National Human Rights Bodies
Bolivia, Plurinational State of
- EnglishThe powers of the Office of the Public Defender, in addition to those established in the Constitution and the law, are the following:
1. To file actions of Unconstitutionality, of Liberty, of Constitutional Protection, of Protection of Privacy, Popular actions, actions for Compliance and the direct appeal of nullity, without the requirement of having a mandate.
2. To present bills and modifications of laws, decrees and non-judicial resolutions in matters of its competence.
3. To investigate, on its own or at the request of a party, the acts or omissions that imply violations of rights, individual and collective, that are established in the Constitution, laws and international instruments, and request that the Public Ministry initiate the corresponding legal actions.
4. To request information from the authorities and public servants with respect to the investigations that the Public Defender is carrying out, to which no objection may be posed.
5. To formulate recommendations, reminders of legal duties, and suggestions for the immediate adoption of corrective measures for all the organs and institutions of the State, and to issue public censure for acts or behavior contrary to these formulations.
6. To have free access to the center of detention and prisons, to which no one may pose an objection.
7. To exercise its functions without interruption of any kind, even in the case of a declaration of a state of emergency.
8. To attend to the persons who request its services promptly and without discrimination.
9. To draft the regulations needed for the exercise of its functions. (Art. 222) - SpanishSon atribuciones de la Defensoría del Pueblo, además de las que establecen la Constitución y la ley:
1. Interponer las acciones de Inconstitucionalidad, de Libertad, de Amparo Constitucional, de Protección de Privacidad, Popular, de Cumplimiento y el recurso directo de nulidad, sin necesidad de mandato.
2. Presentar proyectos de ley y proponer modificaciones a leyes, decretos y resoluciones no judiciales en materia de su competencia.
3. Investigar, de oficio o a solicitud de parte, los actos u omisiones que impliquen violación de los derechos, individuales y colectivos, que se establecen en la Constitución, las leyes y los instrumentos internacionales, e instar al Ministerio Público al inicio de las acciones legales que correspondan.
4. Solicitar a las autoridades y servidores públicos información respecto a las investigaciones que realice la Defensoría del Pueblo, sin que puedan oponer reserva alguna.
5. Formular recomendaciones, recordatorios de deberes legales, y sugerencias para la inmediata adopción de correctivos y medidas a todos los órganos e instituciones del Estado, y emitir censura pública por actos o comportamientos contrarios a dichas formulaciones.
6. Acceder libremente a los centros de detención e internación, sin que pueda oponerse objeción alguna.
7. Ejercer sus funciones sin interrupción de ninguna naturaleza, aun en caso de declaratoria de estado de excepción.
8. Asistir con prontitud y sin discriminación a las personas que soliciten sus servicios.
9. Elaborar los reglamentos necesarios para el ejercicio de sus funciones. (Art. 222)
National Human Rights Bodies
Guyana
- English(1) The Human Rights Commission shall promote the observance of and respect for, and protect and investigate violations of the rights recognized by this Constitution and any other law relating to equality of opportunity and treatment (hereinafter referred to as “the rights”).
(2) The Human Rights Commission shall consist of a full time Chairperson and such other members, to be appointed in accordance with this article.
(3) The Chairperson of the Human Rights Commission shall be a person who holds or has held office as a judge of a court having unlimited jurisdiction in civil and criminal matters in some part of the Commonwealth or a court having jurisdiction in appeals from such court or who is qualified to be appointed as any such judge, or any other fit and proper person with expertise or experience in human rights matters, to be appointed by the President from a list, not unacceptable to the President, of six person submitted by the Leader of the Opposition after meaningful consultation with such entities as appear to him or her to have expertise or experience in human rights matters
...
(4) In addition to the Chairperson, there shall be four members of the Commission who shall be Chairpersons of the Ethnic Relations Commission, Women and Gender Equality Commission, Indigenous People’s Commission and Rights of the Child Commission.
… (Art. 212N)
National Human Rights Bodies
Slovenia
- EnglishIn order to protect human rights and fundamental freedoms in relation to state authorities, local self-government authorities, and bearers of public authority, the office of the ombudsman for the rights of citizens shall be established by law.
Special ombudsmen for the rights of citizens may also be established by law for particular fields. (Art. 159) - SloveneZa varovanje človekovih pravic in temeljnih svoboščin v razmerju do državnih organov, organov lokalne samouprave in nosilcev javnih pooblastil se z zakonom določi varuh pravic državljanov.
Z zakonom se lahko za posamezna področja določijo posebni varuhi pravic državljanov. (159. Člen)
National Human Rights Bodies
Croatia
- EnglishThe Ombudsman shall be a commissioner of the Croatian Parliament responsible for the promotion and protection of human rights and freedoms enshrined in the Constitution, laws and international legal instruments on human rights and freedoms ratified by the Republic of Croatia.
Everyone may lodge a complaint to the Ombudsman if he/she deems that his/her constitutional or legal rights have been threatened or violated as a result of any illegal or irregular act by state bodies, local and regional self-government bodies and bodies vested with public authority.
The Croatian Parliament shall elect the Ombudsman for a term of eight years. The Ombudsman shall be autonomous and independent in his/her work.
Conditions for the election and dismissal of the Ombudsman and his/her deputies, his/her remit, and the method of his/her work shall be regulated by law. By law, the Ombudsman may also be vested with certain powers with regard to legal and natural persons in order to protect fundamental constitutional rights.
The Ombudsman and other commissioners of the Croatian Parliament responsible for the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms shall enjoy the same immunity as Members of the Croatian Parliament. (Art. 93) - CroatianPučki je pravobranitelj opunomoćenik Hrvatskoga sabora za promicanje i zaštitu ljudskih prava i sloboda utvrđenih Ustavom, zakonima i međunarodnim pravnim aktima o ljudskim pravima i slobodama koje je prihvatila Republika Hrvatska.
Svatko može podnijeti pritužbu pučkom pravobranitelju ako smatra da su, uslijed nezakonitog ili nepravilnog rada državnih tijela, tijela lokalne i područne (regionalne) samouprave i tijela s javnim ovlastima, ugrožena ili povrijeđena njegova ustavna ili zakonska prava.
Pučkog pravobranitelja bira Hrvatski sabor na vrijeme od osam godina. Pučki pravobranitelj samostalan je i neovisan u svom radu.
Uvjeti za izbor i razrješenje pučkog pravobranitelja i njegovih zamjenika, djelokrug i način rada uređuju se zakonom. Zakonom se, radi zaštite temeljnih ustavnih prava, pučkom pravobranitelju mogu povjeriti i određene ovlasti u odnosu na pravne i fizičke osobe.
Pučki pravobranitelj i ostali opunomoćenici Hrvatskoga sabora za promicanje i zaštitu ljudskih prava i temeljnih sloboda imaju imunitet kao i zastupnici u Hrvatskom saboru. (Članak 93)
National Human Rights Bodies
France
- EnglishThe Defender of Rights shall ensure the due respect of rights and freedoms by state administrations, territorial communities, public legal entities, as well as by all bodies carrying out a public service mission or by those that the Institutional Act decides fall within his remit.
Referral may be made to the Defender of Rights, in the manner determined by an Institutional Act, by every person who considers his rights to have been infringed by the operation of a public service or of a body mentioned in the first paragraph. He may act without referral.
…
The Defender of Rights shall be appointed by the President of the Republic for a six-year, non-renewable term,
… (1958 Constitution, Art. 71-1) - FrenchLe Défenseur des droits veille au respect des droits et libertés par les administrations de l'État, les collectivités territoriales, les établissements publics, ainsi que par tout organisme investi d'une mission de service public, ou à l'égard duquel la loi organique lui attribue des compétences.
Il peut être saisi, dans les conditions prévues par la loi organique, par toute personne s'estimant lésée par le fonctionnement d'un service public ou d'un organisme visé au premier alinéa. Il peut se saisir d'office.
…
Le Défenseur des droits est nommé par le Président de la République pour un mandat de six ans non renouvelable,
… (Constitution 1958, Art. 71-1)
National Human Rights Bodies
North Macedonia
- English…
The Assembly sets up a permanent survey commission for the protection of the freedoms and rights of citizens. The findings of the survey commissions form the basis for the initiation of proceedings to ascertain the accountability of public office-holders. (Art. 76) - Macedonian…
Собранието основа постојана анкетна комисија за заштита на слободите и правата на граѓанинот. Наодите на анкетните комисии се основа за поведување постапка за утврдување на одговорност на носителите на јавните функции. (Член 76)
National Human Rights Bodies
Trinidad and Tobago
- English(1) There shall be an Ombudsman for Trinidad and Tobago who shall be an officer of Parliament and who shall not hold any other office of emolument whether in the public service or otherwise nor engage in any occupation for reward other than the duties of his office.
… (Sec. 91)
National Human Rights Bodies
Romania
- English(1) The Advocate of the People shall be appointed for a term of office of 5 years, in order to defend the natural persons' rights and freedoms. The Advocate of the People's deputies shall be specialized per fields of activity.
(2) The Advocate of the People and his/her deputies shall not perform any other public or private office, except for teaching positions in higher education.
(3) The organization and functioning of the Advocate of the People institution shall be regulated by an organic law. (Art. 58) - Romanian(1) Avocatul Poporului este numit pe o durată de 5 ani pentru apărarea drepturilor şi libertăţilor persoanelor fizice. Adjuncţii Avocatului Poporului sunt specializaţi pe domenii de activitate.
(2) Avocatul Poporului şi adjuncţii săi nu pot îndeplini nici o altă funcţie publică sau privată, cu excepţia funcţiilor didactice din învăţământul superior.
(3) Organizarea şi funcţionarea instituţiei Avocatul Poporului se stabilesc prin lege organică. (Art. 58)