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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Limitations and/or Derogations
Croatia
- EnglishIndividual constitutionally guaranteed freedoms and rights may be restricted during a state of war or any clear and present danger to the independence and unity of the Republic of Croatia or in the event of any natural disaster. Such restriction shall be decided upon by the Croatian Parliament by a two-thirds majority of all Members of Parliament or, if the Croatian Parliament is unable to convene, at the proposal of the Government and with the countersignature of the Prime Minister, by the President of the Republic.
The extent of such restrictions must be appropriate to the nature of the threat, and may not result in the inequality of citizens with respect to race, colour, sex, language, religion, or national or social origin.
Even in cases of clear and present danger to the existence of the state, no restrictions may be imposed upon the provisions of this Constitution stipulating the right to life, prohibition of torture, cruel or degrading treatment or punishment, and concerning the legal definitions of criminal offences and punishment, and the freedom of thought, conscience and religion. (Art. 17) - CroatianU doba ratnog stanja ili neposredne ugroženosti neovisnosti i jedinstvenosti države, te velikih prirodnih nepogoda pojedine slobode i prava zajamčena Ustavom mogu se ograničiti. O tome odlučuje Hrvatski sabor dvotrećinskom većinom svih zastupnika, a ako se Hrvatski sabor ne može sastati, na prijedlog Vlade i uz supotpis predsjednika Vlade, Predsjednik Republike.
Opseg ograničenja mora biti primjeren naravi pogibelji, a za posljedicu ne može imati nejednakost osoba s obzirom na rasu, boju kože, spol, jezik, vjeru, nacionalno ili socijalno podrijetlo.
Niti u slučaju neposredne opasnosti za opstanak države ne može se ograničiti primjena odredbi ovoga Ustava o pravu na život, zabrani mučenja, surovog ili ponižavajućeg postupanja ili kažnjavanja, o pravnoj određenosti kažnjivih djela i kazni, te o slobodi misli, savjesti i vjeroispovijedi. (Članak 17)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Ethiopia
- English…
2. Everyone has the right to the free development of his personality in a manner compatible with the rights of other citizens.
… (Art. 24) - Amharic…
2. ማንኛውም ሰው የራሱን ስብዕና ከሌሎች ዜጐች መብቶች ጋር በተጣጣመ ሁኔታ በነጻ የማሳደግ መብት አለው፡፡
… (አንቀጽ 24)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Colombia
- EnglishThe States of Exception to which the previous Articles refer will be subject to the following provisions:
…
2. Neither human rights nor fundamental freedoms may be suspended. In all cases, the rules of international humanitarian law will be respected. A statutory law will regulate the faculties of the Government during the States of Exception and will establish the judicial controls and guarantees to protect the rights in conformity with international treaties. The measures which are adopted must be proportionate to the gravity of the facts.
… (Art. 214) - SpanishLos Estados de Excepción a que se refieren los artículos anteriores se someterán a las siguientes disposiciones:
…
2. No podrán suspenderse los derechos humanos ni las libertades fundamentales. En todo caso se respetarán las reglas del derecho internacional humanitario. Una ley estatutaria regulará las facultades del Gobierno durante los estados de excepción y establecerá los controles judiciales y las garantías para proteger los derechos, de conformidad con los tratados internacionales. Las medidas que se adopten deberán ser proporcionales a la gravedad de los hechos.
… (Art. 214)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Greece
- English1. The rights of the human being as an individual and as a member of the society and the principle of the welfare state rule of law are guaranteed by the State. All agents of the State shall be obliged to ensure the unhindered and effective exercise thereof. These rights also apply to the relations between individuals to which they are appropriate. Restrictions of any kind which, according to the Constitution, may be imposed upon these rights, should be provided either directly by the Constitution or by statute, should a reservation exist in the latter’s favour, and should respect the principle of proportionality.
… (Art. 25) - Greek1. Τα δικαιώματα του ανθρώπου ως ατόμου και ως μέλους του κοινωνικού συνόλου και η αρχή του κοινωνικού κράτους δικαίου τελούν υπό την εγγύηση του Κράτους. Όλα τα κρατικά όργανα υποχρεούνται να διασφαλίζουν την ανεμπόδιστη και αποτελεσματική άσκησή τους. Τα δικαιώματα αυτά ισχύουν και στις σχέσεις μεταξύ ιδιωτών στις οποίες προσιδιάζουν. Oι κάθε είδους περιορισμοί που μπορούν κατά το Σύνταγμα να επιβληθούν στα δικαιώματα αυτά πρέπει να προβλέπονται είτε απευθείας από το Σύνταγμα είτε από το νόμο, εφόσον υπάρχει επιφύλαξη υπέρ αυτού και να σέβονται την αρχή της αναλογικότητας.
… ('Αρθρο 25)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Guinea-Bissau
- English1. Martial law or a state of emergency can only be declared, in the whole or part of the national territory, in cases of effective or imminent foreign aggression, grave threat or disturbance of the democratic constitutional order, or political calamity.
2. The declaration of martial law cannot affect the right to life, integrity and identity, civil capacity and citizenship, non-retroactivity of penal laws, right to defense of the accused and liberty of conscience and religion.
3. The declaration of a state of emergency can only result in the partial suspension of rights, liberties and guarantees. (Art. 31) - Portuguese1 - O estado de sítio ou o estado de emergência só podem ser declarados, no todo ou em parte do território nacional, nos casos de agressão efectiva ou eminente por forças estrangeiras, de grave ameaça ou perturbação da ordem constitucional democrática ou de calamidade política.
2 - A declaração do estado de sítio em caso algum pode afectar os direitos à vida, à integridade pessoal e à identidade pessoal, a capacidade civil e a cidadania, a não retroactividade da lei penal, o direito de defesa dos arguidos e a liberdade de consciência e de religião.
3 - A declaração do estado de emergência apenas pode determinar a suspensão parcial dos direitos, liberdades e garantias. (Art. 31)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Ecuador
- English…
Culture cannot be used as an excuse when infringing rights recognized in the Constitution. (Art. 21) - Spanish…
No se podrá invocar la cultura cuando se atente contra los derechos reconocidos en la Constitución. (Art. 21)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Moldova, Republic of
- English
Any persons shall exercise his/her constitutional rights and freedoms in good faith, without any infringement of the rights and liberties of the others. (Art. 55)
- Moldovian
Orice persoană îşi exercită drepturile şi libertăţile constituţionale cu bună-credinţă, fără să încalce drepturile şi libertăţile altora. (Art. 55)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Malawi
- English…
2. Notwithstanding subsection (1), Parliament shall not have the power to delegate any legislative powers which would substantially and significantly affect the fundamental rights and freedoms recognized by this Constitution. (Sec. 58)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Honduras
- EnglishThe rights of every man are limited by the rights of all others, by collective security, and by the just demands of the general welfare and democratic development. (Art. 62)
- SpanishLos derechos de cada hombre están limitados por los derechos de los demás, por la seguridad de todos y por las justas exigencias del bienestar general y del desenvolvimiento democrático. (Art. 62)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Romania
- English(1) The provisions of this Constitution with regard to the national, independent, unitary and indivisible character of the Romanian State, the republican form of government, territorial integrity, independence of justice, political pluralism and official language shall not be subject to revision.
(2) Likewise, no revision shall be made if it results in the suppression of the citizens' fundamental rights and freedoms, or of the safeguards thereof.
(3) The Constitution shall not be revised during a state of siege or emergency, or at wartime. (Art. 152) - Romanian(1) Dispoziţiile prezentei Constituţii privind caracterul naţional, independent, unitar şi indivizibil al statului român, forma republicană de guvernământ, integritatea teritoriului, independenţa justiţiei, pluralismul politic şi limba oficială nu pot forma obiectul revizuirii.
(2) De asemenea, nici o revizuire nu poate fi făcută dacă are ca rezultat suprimarea drepturilor şi a libertăţilor fundamentale ale cetăţenilor sau a garanţiilor acestora.
(3) Constituţia nu poate fi revizuită pe durata stării de asediu sau a stării de urgenţă şi nici în timp de război. (Art. 152)