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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English…
Culture cannot be used as an excuse when infringing rights recognized in the Constitution. (Art. 21) - Spanish…
No se podrá invocar la cultura cuando se atente contra los derechos reconocidos en la Constitución. (Art. 21)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English…
(8) The rights, duties, declarations and guarantees relating to the fundamental human rights and freedoms specifically mentioned in this Chapter shall not be regarded as excluding other rights which may be prescribed by Act of the National Assembly as inherent in a democracy and intended to secure the freedom and dignity of man. (Sec. 37)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English…
3 3° Nothing in this Constitution other than Article 15.5.2° shall be invoked to invalidate any law enacted by the Oireachtas which is expressed to be for the purpose of securing the public safety and the preservation of the State in time of war or armed rebellion, or to nullify any act done or purporting to be done in time of war or armed rebellion in pursuance of any such law. In this subsection “time of war” includes a time when there is taking place an armed conflict in which the State is not a participant but in respect of which each of the Houses of the Oireachtas shall have resolved that, arising out of such armed conflict, a national emergency exists affecting the vital interests of the State and “time of war or armed rebellion” includes such time after the termination of any war, or of any such armed conflict as aforesaid, or of an armed rebellion, as may elapse until each of the Houses of the Oireachtas shall have resolved that the national emergency occasioned by such war, armed conflict, or armed rebellion has ceased to exist.
… (Art. 28) - Irish Gaelic…
3 3° Ní cead aon ní dá bhfuil sa Bhunreacht seo seachas Airteagal 15.5.2° a agairt chun aon dlí dá n-achtaíonn an tOireachtas a chur ó bhail má luaitear ann gur dlí é chun slándáil an phobail a chur in áirithe agus chun an Stát a chaomhnú in aimsir chogaidh nó ceannairce faoi arm, ná chun aon ghníomh dá ndéantar nó a bheireann le tuiscint gur gníomh é a dhéantar in aimsir chogaidh nó ceannairce faoi arm de bhun aon dlí den sórt sin, a chur ar neamhní. San fho-alt seo, folaíonn “aimsir chogaidh” tráth a bheidh coinbhleacht faoi arm ar siúl nach mbeidh an Stát páirteach ann ach go mbeidh beartaithe ag gach Teach den Oireachtas ina thaobh le rún go bhfuil ann, de dheasca an choinbhleachta sin faoi arm, staid phráinne náisiúnta a dhéanann difear do bhonn beatha an Stáit agus folaíonn “aimsir chogaidh nó ceannairce faoi arm” an tréimhse aimsire sin a bheidh idir an tráth a chuirfear deireadh le haon chogadh, nó le haon choinbhleacht faoi arm den sórt sin réamhráite, nó le ceannairc faoi arm agus an tráth a bheartóidh gach Teach den Oireachtas le rún nach ann a thuilleadh don staid phráinne náisiúnta arbh é an cogadh sin, nó an coinbhleacht sin faoi arm, nó an cheannairc sin faoi arm faoi deara é.
… (Airteagal 28)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishThe rights of every man are limited by the rights of all others, by collective security, and by the just demands of the general welfare and democratic development. (Art. 62)
- SpanishLos derechos de cada hombre están limitados por los derechos de los demás, por la seguridad de todos y por las justas exigencias del bienestar general y del desenvolvimiento democrático. (Art. 62)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English(1) A right or fundamental freedom in the Bill of Rights shall not be limited except by law, and then only to the extent that the limitation is reasonable and justifiable in an open and democratic society based on human dignity, equality and freedom, taking into account all relevant factors including—
(a) the nature of the right or fundamental freedom;
(b) the importance of the purpose of the limitation;
(c) the nature and extent of the limitation;
(d) the need to ensure that the enjoyment of rights and fundamental freedoms by any individual does not prejudice the rights and fundamental freedoms of others; and
(e) the relation between the limitation and its purpose and whether there are less restrictive means to achieve the purpose.
(2) Despite clause (1), a provision in legislation limiting a right or fundamental freedom—
(a) in the case of a provision enacted or amended on or after the effective date, is not valid unless the legislation specifically expresses the intention to limit that right or fundamental freedom, and the nature and extent of the limitation;
(b) shall not be construed as limiting the right or fundamental freedom unless the provision is clear and specific about the right or freedom to be limited and the nature and extent of the limitation; and
(c) shall not limit the right or fundamental freedom so far as to derogate from its core or essential content.
(3) The State or a person seeking to justify a particular limitation shall demonstrate to the court, tribunal or other authority that the requirements of this Article have been satisfied.
(4) The provisions of this Chapter on equality shall be qualified to the extent strictly necessary for the application of Muslim law before the Kadhis’ courts, to persons who profess the Muslim religion, in matters relating to personal status, marriage, divorce and inheritance.
… (Art. 24) - Swahili(1) Haki au uhuru wa msingi katika Sheria ya Haki za Binadamu haitakuwa na mpaka isipokuwa kwa sheria, na tena kwa kiwango ambacho mpaka huo una mantiki na unathibitika kwenye jamii ya uwazi na ya kidemokrasia kwa msingi wa utu wa binadamu, usawa na uhuru, kwa kuzingatia mambo yote muhimu ikiwa ni pamoja na—
(a) asili ya uhuru au haki ya msingi;
(b) umuhimu wa madhumuni ya mpaka huo;
(c) asili na kiwango cha mpaka huo;
(d) hitaji la kuhakikisha kuwa unufaikaji wa uhuru wa msingi na haki kwa mtu yeyote hauathiri uhuru wa msingi na haki ya watu wengine; na
(e) uhusiano kati ya mpaka na madhumuni yake na ikiwa kuna njia zenye ugumu kidogo za kufikia kusudi hilo.
(2) Licha ya ibara ya (1), kifungu katika sheria kinachozuia haki au uhuru wa msingi-
(a) ikiwa kuna sheria iliyotungwa au kufanyiwa marekebisho tarehe hiyo au baada ya tarehe ya utekelezaji, si halali isipokuwa sheria hiyo ielezee kwa umahususi kusudi la kuwekea mipaka haki hiyo au uhuru wa msingi na asili na kiwango cha mpaka huo;
(b) haitachukuliwa kuwa inaiwekea mpaka haki au uhuru wa msingi kama sheria hiyo haiko dhahiri na mahususi kuhusu uhuru wa msingi na haki ambayo itawekewa mipaka na asili na kiwango cha mpaka huo; na
(c) haitawekea mipaka haki au uhuru wa msingi hadi kufikia kiwango cha kupunguza kwenye maudhui yake ya msingi au muhimu.
(3) Serikali au mtu anayetafuta kuhalalisha mpaka fulani ataielezea mahakama, baraza au mamlaka nyingineyo kwamba matakwa ya Kifungu hiki yamekamilishwa.
(4) Sheria za Sura hii juu ya usawa zitahalalishwa kwa kiwango ambacho ni lazima kabisa kutumia sharia ya Kiislamu mbele ya mahakama za Kadhi, kwa watu ambao ni waumini wa dini ya Kiisilamu, katika maswala yanayohusu hadhi ya binafsi, ndoa, talaka na urithi.
… (Kifungu cha 24)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English
1. The cases in which a state of emergency, as defined by Act of Parliament, may be declared by Royal Decree in order to maintain internal or external security shall be specified by Act of Parliament. The consequences of such a declaration shall be governed by Act of Parliament.
2. Such a declaration may depart from the provisions of the Constitution relating to the powers of the executive bodies of the provinces, municipalities, public bodies as referred to in Article 132a and water authorities (waterschappen), the basic rights laid down in Article 6, insofar as the exercise of the right contained in this Article other than in buildings and enclosed places is concerned, Articles 7, 8, 9 and 12, paragraphs 2 and 3, Article 13 and Article 113, paragraphs 1 and 3.
... (Art. 103) - Dutch
1. De wet bepaalt in welke gevallen ter handhaving van de uit- of inwendige veiligheid bij koninklijk besluit een door de wet als zodanig aan te wijzen uitzonderingstoestand kan worden afgekondigd; zij regelt de gevolgen.
2. Daarbij kan worden afgeweken van de grondwetsbepalingen inzake de bevoegdheden van de besturen van provincies, gemeenten, openbare lichamen als bedoeld in artikel 132a en waterschappen, van de grondrechten geregeld in de artikelen 6, voor zover dit de uitoefening buiten gebouwen en besloten plaatsen van het in dit artikel omschreven recht betreft, 7, 8, 9, 12, tweede en derde lid, en 13, alsmede van artikel 113, eerste en derde lid.
... (Art. 103)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishIn the case of [an] armed international conflict, formally declared or not, or of a grave internal commotion that puts in imminent danger the rule [imperio] of this Constitution or the regular functioning of the organs created by it, the Congress or the Executive Power may declare the State of Exception in all or in part of the national territory, for a term of sixty days maximum. In the case that such declaration is effected by the Executive Power, the measure must be approved or rejected by the Congress within a time period of forty-eight hours.
…
The decree or the law that declares the State of Exception will contain the reasons and the facts invoked for its adoption, the time of its enforcement and the territory affected, as well as the rights that it restricts.
During the enforcement of the State of Exception, the Executive Power may only order, by decree and in each case, the following measures: the detention of the persons indicted [indiciadas] for participating in some of those acts, their transfer from one point to another of the Republic, as well as the prohibition or the restriction of public meetings and of demonstrations.
In all the cases, the persons indicted [indiciadas] will have the option to leave the country.
…
The State of Exception will not interrupt the functioning of the powers of the State, the enforcement of this Constitution or, specifically, habeas corpus.
… (Art. 288) - SpanishEn caso de conflicto armado internacional, formalmente declarado o no, o de grave conmoción interior que ponga en inminente peligro el imperio de esta Constitución o el funcionamiento regular de los órganos creados por ella, el Congreso o el Poder Ejecutivo podrán declarar el Estado de Excepción en todo o en parte del territorio nacional, por un término de sesenta días como máximo. En el caso de que dicha declaración fuera efectuada por el Poder ejecutivo, la medida deberá ser aprobada o rechazada por el Congreso dentro del plazo de cuarenta y ocho horas.
…
El decreto o la ley que declare el Estado de Excepción contendrá las razones y los hechos que se invoquen para su adopción, el tiempo de su vigencia y el territorio afectado, así como los derechos que restrinja.
Durante la vigencia del Estado de Excepción, el Poder ejecutivo sólo podrá ordenar, por decreto y en cada caso, las siguientes medidas: la detención de las personas indiciadas de participar en algunos de esos hechos, su traslado de un punto a otro de la República, así como la prohibición o la restricción de reuniones públicas y de manifestaciones.
En todos los casos, las personas indiciadas tendrán la opción de salir del país.
…
El Estado de Excepción no interrumpirá el funcionamiento de los poderes del Estado, la vigencia de esta Constitución ni, específicamente, el hábeas corpus.
… (Art. 288)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishWhen the integrity of the National territory is threatened or [in case] that events are produced which obstruct the regular functioning of the constitutional institutions, the King can, after having consulted the Head of Government, the President of the Chamber of Representatives, the President of the Chamber of Councilors, as well as the President of the Constitutional Court, and addressing a message to the Nation, proclaim by Dahir the state of exception. By this act, the King is enabled [habilite] to take the measures that the defense of the territorial integrity imposes and to return, in the least time, to the normal functioning of the constitutional institutions.
The Parliament may not be dissolved during the exercise of exceptional powers.
The fundamental rights and freedoms provided by this Constitution remain guaranteed.
The state of exception is terminated in the same forms as its proclamation, once the conditions which have justified it do not exist. (Art. 59) - Arabicإذا كانت حوزة التّراب الوطني مهدّدة، أو وقع من الأحداث ما يعرقل السير العادي للمؤسّسات الدّستورية، أمكن للملك أن يُعلن حالة الاستثناء بظهير، بعد استشارة كل من رئيس الحكومة، ورئيس مجلس النواب، ورئيس مجلس المستشارين، ورئيس المحكمة الدستورية، وتوجيه خطاب إلى الأمّة. ويُخول الملك بذلك صلاحية اتخاذ الإجراءات التي يفرضها الدفاع عن الوحدة الترابية، ويقتضيها الرجوع، في أقرب الآجال، إلى السير العادي للمؤسسات الدستورية.
لا يحل البرلمان أثناء ممارسة السلطات الاستثنائية.
تبقى الحريات والحقوق الأساسية المنصوص عليها في هذا الدستور مضمونة.
تُرفع حالة الاستثناء بمجرد انتفاء الأسباب التي دعت إليها، وباتخاذ الإجراءات الشكلية المقررة لإعلانها. (الفصل 59)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishUnder a state of siege or a state of emergency, the following measures restricting personal freedoms may be taken:
a. obligation to remain in a certain place;
b. detention;
c. detention in buildings not intended for persons accused or convicted of common crimes;
d. restrictions relating to the inviolability of correspondence, the confidentiality of communication, the provision of information and the freedom of the press and of radio and television broadcasting;
e. home search and apprehension;
f. suspension of the freedom of assembly and demonstration;
g. requisitions of goods and services. (Art. 295) - PortugueseAo abrigo do estado de sítio ou de emergência podem ser tomadas as seguintes medidas restritivas da liberdade das pessoas:
a) obrigação de permanência em local determinado;
b) detenção;
c) detenção em edifício não destinado a acusados ou condenados por crimes comuns;
d) restrições relativas à inviolabilidade da correspondência, ao sigilo das comunicações, à prestação de informações e à liberdade de imprensa, radiodifusão e televisão.
e) busca e apreensão em domicílio;
f) suspensão de liberdade de reunião e manifestação;
g) requisição de bens e serviços. (Art. 295)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English1. In the conditions of a state of emergency, in order to ensure the safety of citizens and the protection of the constitutional order and in accordance with federal constitutional law, certain restrictions may be imposed on human rights and freedoms with an indication of their limits and the period for which they have effect.
2. A state of emergency on the entire territory of the Russian Federation and in certain areas thereof may be introduced subject to the circumstances and in accordance with the procedure stipulated by federal constitutional law.
3. The rights and freedoms specified in Articles 20, 21, 23 (part 1), 24, 28, 34 (part 1), 40 (part 1), and 46-54 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation might not be restricted. (Art. 56) - Russian1. В условиях чрезвычайного положения для обеспечения безопасности граждан и защиты конституционного строя в соответствии с федеральным конституционным законом могут устанавливаться отдельные ограничения прав и свобод с указанием пределов и срока их действия.
2. Чрезвычайное положение на всей территории Российской Федерации и в ее отдельных местностях может вводиться при наличии обстоятельств и в порядке, установленных федеральным конституционным законом.
3. Не подлежат ограничению права и свободы, предусмотренные статьями 20, 21, 23 (часть 1), 24, 28, 34 (часть 1), 40 (часть 1), 46 - 54 Конституции Российской Федерации. (Статья 56)