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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English1. Martial law or a state of emergency can only be declared, in the whole or part of the national territory, in cases of effective or imminent foreign aggression, grave threat or disturbance of the democratic constitutional order, or political calamity.
2. The declaration of martial law cannot affect the right to life, integrity and identity, civil capacity and citizenship, non-retroactivity of penal laws, right to defense of the accused and liberty of conscience and religion.
3. The declaration of a state of emergency can only result in the partial suspension of rights, liberties and guarantees. (Art. 31) - Portuguese1 - O estado de sítio ou o estado de emergência só podem ser declarados, no todo ou em parte do território nacional, nos casos de agressão efectiva ou eminente por forças estrangeiras, de grave ameaça ou perturbação da ordem constitucional democrática ou de calamidade política.
2 - A declaração do estado de sítio em caso algum pode afectar os direitos à vida, à integridade pessoal e à identidade pessoal, a capacidade civil e a cidadania, a não retroactividade da lei penal, o direito de defesa dos arguidos e a liberdade de consciência e de religião.
3 - A declaração do estado de emergência apenas pode determinar a suspensão parcial dos direitos, liberdades e garantias. (Art. 31)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English(1) This article applies to any period when -
(a) Guyana is at war; or
(b) there is in force a proclamation (in this article referred to as a "proclamation of emergency") made by the President declaring that a state of public emergency exists for the purposes of this article; or
(c) there is in force a resolution of the National Assembly, in favour of which there were cast the votes of not fewer than two-thirds of all the elected members, declaring that democratic institutions in Guyana are threatened by subversion.
(2) Nothing contained in or done under the authority of any law shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of article 139, 140(2) or 143, any provision of article 144 other than paragraph (4) thereof, or any provision of articles 145 to 149 (inclusive) to the extent that the law in question makes in relation to any period to which this article applies provision, or authorises the doing during any such period of anything, which is reasonably justifiable in the circumstances of any situation arising or existing during that period for the purpose of dealing with that situation.
… (Art. 150)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English
Any persons shall exercise his/her constitutional rights and freedoms in good faith, without any infringement of the rights and liberties of the others. (Art. 55)
- Moldovian
Orice persoană îşi exercită drepturile şi libertăţile constituţionale cu bună-credinţă, fără să încalce drepturile şi libertăţile altora. (Art. 55)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English…
2. Notwithstanding subsection (1), Parliament shall not have the power to delegate any legislative powers which would substantially and significantly affect the fundamental rights and freedoms recognized by this Constitution. (Sec. 58)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishThe authorities of the Republic are established for the purpose of protecting the lives, honor and property of all nationals, wherever they may be, and of aliens who are under the Republic's jurisdiction, of ensuring the effectiveness of individual and social rights and duties, and of observing and enforcing the Constitution and the Law.
The rights and guarantees recognized by this Constitution must be considered as minimum standards which do not exclude others which are related to fundamental rights and the dignity of the individual. (Art. 17) - SpanishLas autoridades de la República están instituidas para proteger en su vida, honra y bienes a los nacionales dondequiera se encuentren y a los extranjeros que estén bajo su jurisdicción; asegurar la efectividad de los derechos y deberes individuales y sociales, y cumplir y hacer cumplir la Constitución y la Ley.
Los derechos y garantías que consagra esta Constitución, deben considerarse como mínimos y no excluyentes de otros que incidan sobre los derechos fundamentales y la dignidad de la persona. (Art. 17)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English(1) The provisions of this Constitution with regard to the national, independent, unitary and indivisible character of the Romanian State, the republican form of government, territorial integrity, independence of justice, political pluralism and official language shall not be subject to revision.
(2) Likewise, no revision shall be made if it results in the suppression of the citizens' fundamental rights and freedoms, or of the safeguards thereof.
(3) The Constitution shall not be revised during a state of siege or emergency, or at wartime. (Art. 152) - Romanian(1) Dispoziţiile prezentei Constituţii privind caracterul naţional, independent, unitar şi indivizibil al statului român, forma republicană de guvernământ, integritatea teritoriului, independenţa justiţiei, pluralismul politic şi limba oficială nu pot forma obiectul revizuirii.
(2) De asemenea, nici o revizuire nu poate fi făcută dacă are ca rezultat suprimarea drepturilor şi a libertăţilor fundamentale ale cetăţenilor sau a garanţiilor acestora.
(3) Constituţia nu poate fi revizuită pe durata stării de asediu sau a stării de urgenţă şi nici în timp de război. (Art. 152)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English(1) Except as is otherwise expressly provided in this Chapter5 and in section 54, no law may abrogate, abridge or infringe or authorise the abrogation, abridgment or infringement of any of the rights and freedoms hereinbefore recognised and declared.
… (Sec. 5)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishNo one is entitled to exercise his rights in a way injurious to others or detrimental to public interests. (Art. 40)
- Persianهیچکس نمیتواند اعمال حق خویش را وسیله اضرار به غیر یا تجاوز به منافع عمومی قرار دهد. (اصل 40)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English
The restrictions referred to in Article 20 may only be imposed to satisfy purposes acceptable in a democratic society. The restriction may never go beyond what is necessary with regard to the purposes for which it was imposed, nor may it extend so far that it represents a threat to the free shaping of opinion as one of the foundations of democracy. No restriction may be imposed solely on grounds of political, religious, cultural or other such beliefs. (Instrument of Government, Chapter 2, Art. 21)
- Swedish
Begränsningar enligt 20 § får göras endast för att tillgodose ändamål som är godtagbara i ett demokratiskt samhälle. Begränsningen får aldrig gå utöver vad som är nödvändigt med hänsyn till det ändamål som har föranlett den och inte heller sträcka sig så långt att den utgör ett hot mot den fria åsiktsbildningen såsom en av folkstyrelsens grundvalar. Begränsningen får inte göras enbart på grund av politisk, religiös, kulturell eller annan sådan åskådning. (Kungörelse (1974:152) om beslutad ny regeringsform, 2 kap, 21§)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishCitizens shall have duties with respect to society and the State; they may not exercise their rights by violating the rights of other citizens, and by disrespecting the just demands of morality, of public order and of national independence defined in the law. (Art. 21)
- PortugueseOs cidadãos têm deveres para com a sociedade e o Estado, não podendo exercer os seus direitos com violação dos direitos dos outros cidadãos, e desrespeito das justas exigências da moral, da ordem pública e da independência nacional definidas na lei. (Art. 21)