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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English(1) If the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is satisfied that a grave emergency exists whereby the security, or the economic life, or public order in the Federation or any part thereof is threatened, he may issue a Proclamation of Emergency making therein a declaration to that effect.
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(5) Subject to Clause (6a), while a Proclamation of Emergency is in force, Parliament may, notwithstanding anything in this Constitution make laws with respect to any matter, if it appears to Parliament that the law is required by reason of the emergency; and Article 79 shall not apply to a Bill for such a law or an amendment to such a Bill, nor shall any provision of this Constitution or of any written law which requires any consent or concurrence to the passing of a law or any consultation with respect thereto, or which restricts the coming into force of a law after it is passed or the presentation of a Bill to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong for his assent.
(6) Subject to Clause (6a), no provision of any ordinance promulgated under this Article, and no provision of any Act of Parliament which is passed while a Proclamation of Emergency is in force and which declares that the law appears to Parliament to be required by reason of the emergency, shall be invalid on the ground of inconsistency with any provision of this Constitution.
(6a) Clause (5) shall not extend the powers of Parliament with respect to any matter of Islamic law or the custom of the Malays, or with respect to any matter of native law or customs in the State of Sabah or Sarawak; nor shall Clause (6) validate any provision inconsistent with the provisions of this Constitution relating to any such matter or relating to religion, citizenship, or language.
… (Art. 150) - Malay(1) Jika Yang di-Pertuan Agong berpuas hati bahawa suatu darurat besar sedang berlaku yang menyebabkan keselamatan, atau kehidupan ekonomi, atau ketenteraman awam di dalam Persekutuan atau mana-mana bahagiannya terancam, maka Yang di-Pertuan Agong boleh mengeluarkan suatu Proklamasi Darurat dengan membuat dalamnya suatu perisytiharan yang bermaksud sedemikian.
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(5) Tertakluk kepada Fasal (6A), semasa Proklamasi Darurat berkuat kuasa, Parlimen boleh, walau apa pun apa-apa jua dalam Perlembagaan ini, membuat undang-undang mengenai apa-apa perkara, jika didapati oleh Parlimen bahawa undang-undang itu dikehendaki oleh sebab darurat itu; dan Perkara 79 tidaklah terpakai bagi suatu Rang Undang-Undang untuk sesuatu undang-undang yang sedemikian atau bagi sesuatu pindaan kepada sesuatu Rang Undang-Undang yang sedemikian, dan juga tidaklah terpakai mana-mana peruntukan Perlembagaan ini atau peruntukan mana-mana undang-undang bertulis yang menghendaki apa-apa keizinan atau persetujuan bagi meluluskan sesuatu undang-undang atau apa-apa rundingan mengenainya atau yang menyekat permulaan kuat kuasa sesuatu undang-undang selepas undang-undang itu diluluskan atau yang menyekat Rang Undang-Undang daripada dipersembahkan kepada Yang di-Pertuan Agong untuk diperkenankan olehnya.
(6) Tertakluk kepada Fasal (6A), tiada peruntukan mana-mana ordinan yang dimasyhurkan di bawah Perkara ini, dan tiada peruntukan mana-mana Akta Parlimen yang diluluskan semasa Proklamasi Darurat berkuat kuasa dan yang mengisytiharkan bahawa didapati oleh Parlimen undang-undang itu dikehendaki oleh sebab darurat, boleh menjadi tidak sah atas alasan ketidakselarasan dengan mana-mana peruntukan Perlembagaan ini.
(6A) Fasal (5) tidak boleh memperluas kuasa Parlimen mengenai apa-apa perkara hukum Syarak atau adat Melayu atau mengenai apa-apa perkara undang-undang atau adat anak negeri di Negeri Sabah atau Sarawak; dan juga Fasal (6) tidak boleh menjadikan sah mana-mana peruntukan yang tidak selaras dengan peruntukan Perlembagaan ini yang berhubungan dengan apa-apa perkara sedemikian atau berhubungan dengan agama, kewarganegaraan, atau bahasa.
… (Perkara 150)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishThe enumeration in this Constitution of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. (Art. II, Sec. 17)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishThe tribunals of justice cannot qualify the bases [fundamentos] or the factual circumstances invoked by the authority to decree the states of exception, without prejudice to that provided in Article 39. However, concerning the specific measures which affect constitutional rights, the guarantee of recourse before the judicial authorities by means of the recourses that correspond[,] will always exist.
The requisitions that [have been] made give rise to indemnifications, in conformity with the law. The limitations imposed on the right to ownership[,] when they produce deprivation of any of its essential attributes or faculties and so cause injury, will also give rise to the right of indemnification. (Art. 45) - SpanishLos tribunales de justicia no podrán calificar los fundamentos ni las circunstancias de hecho invocados por la autoridad para decretar los estados de excepción, sin perjuicio de lo dispuesto en el artículo 39. No obstante, respecto de las medidas particulares que afecten derechos constitucionales, siempre existirá la garantía de recurrir ante las autoridades judiciales a través de los recursos que corresponda.
Las requisiciones que se practiquen darán lugar a indemnizaciones en conformidad a la ley. También darán derecho a indemnización las limitaciones que se impongan al derecho de propiedad cuando importen privación de alguno de sus atributos o facultades esenciales y con ello se cause daño. (Art. 45)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishIt is not allowed to impose restrictions on fundamental rights and freedoms when declaring a state of emergency except to the extent necessary to fulfill the purpose stated in the decree declaring the state of emergency. (Art. 111)
- Arabicلا يجوز فرض قيود على الحقوق و الحريات الأساسية إلا بالقدر الضروري لتحقيق الهدف المعلن في مرسوم إعلان حالة الطوارئ. (المادّة 111)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English
(1) The Preamble acknowledges that Tuvalu is an Independent State based on Christian principles, the Rule of Law, Tuvaluan values, culture and tradition, and respect for human dignity.
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(3) Within Tuvalu, the freedoms of the individual can only be exercised having regard to the rights or feelings of other people, the Charter of Duties and Responsibilities in section 43, and to the effect on society.
(4) It may therefore be necessary in certain circumstances to regulate or place some restrictions on the exercise of those rights, if their exercise-
(a) may be divisive, unsettling or offensive to the people; or
(b) may directly threaten Tuvaluan values or culture.
(5) Subject to section 15 (definition of “reasonably justifiable in a democratic society”) nothing contained in a law or done under a law shall be considered to be inconsistent with section 23 (freedom of belief); or section 24 (freedom of expression); or section 25 (freedom of assembly and association); or section 26 (freedom of movement); or section 27 (freedom from discrimination) to the extent the law makes provision regulating or placing restrictions on any exercise of the right-
(a) to spread beliefs; or
(b) to communicate opinions, ideas and information;
(c) to assemble and associate with others;
(d) to move freely or reside within Tuvalu or to enter and to leave Tuvalu; or
(e) to not be discriminated against;
if the exercise of that right may otherwise conflict with subsection (4). (Sec. 29)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English…
6. In the States of Interior Commotion and of Emergency, only the following rights recognized by this Constitution may be suspended:
a. Remission to prison, following the provisions of Article 40, number 1
b. Deprivation of liberty without cause or without the legal formalities, following that provided in Article 40, number 6.
c. Times of submission to the judicial authority or for being set free, established in Article 40, number 5.
d. The transfer from prison establishments or other locations, provided in Article 40, number 12.
e. The presentation of detained persons, established in Article 40, number 11.
f. That related to habeas corpus, regulated in Article 71.
g. The inviolability of the home and private premises, provided in Article 44, number 1
h. The freedom of transit, provided in Article 46.
i. Freedom of expression, in the terms provided by Article 49.
j. The freedoms of association and meeting, establishes in Articles 47 and 48.
k. The inviolability of correspondence, established in Article 44, number 3.
… (Art. 266) - Spanish…
6) En los Estados de Conmoción Interior y de Emergencia, sólo podrán suspenderse los siguientes derechos reconocidos por esta Constitución:
a) Reducción a prisión, según las disposiciones del artículo 40, numeral 1);
b) Privación de libertad sin causa o sin las formalidades legales, según lo dispone el artículo 40, numeral 6);
c) Plazos de sometimiento a la autoridad judicial o para la puesta en libertad, establecidos en el artículo 40, numeral 5);
d) El traslado desde establecimientos carcelarios u otros lugares, dispuesto en el artículo 40, numeral 12);
e) La presentación de detenidos, establecida en el artículo 40, numeral 11);
f) Lo relativo al hábeas corpus, regulado en el artículo 71;
g) La inviolabilidad del domicilio y de recintos privados, dispuesta en el artículo 44, numeral 1);
h) La libertad de tránsito, dispuesta en el artículo 46;
i) La libertad de expresión, en los términos dispuestos por el artículo 49;
j) Las libertades de asociación y de reunión, establecidas en los artículos 47 y 48;
k) La inviolabilidad de la correspondencia, establecida en el artículo 44, numeral 3).
… (Art. 266)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English1. Suspension of the exercise of fundamental rights, freedoms and guarantees shall only take place if a state of siege or a state of emergency has been declared as provided for by the Constitution.
2. A state of siege or a state of emergency shall only be declared in case of effective or impending aggression by a foreign force, of serious disturbance or threat of serious disturbance to the democratic constitutional order, or of public disaster.
3. A declaration of a state of siege or a state of emergency shall be substantiated, specifying rights, freedoms and guarantees the exercise of which is to be suspended.
4. A suspension shall not last for more than thirty days, without prejudice of possible justified renewal, when strictly necessary, for equal periods of time.
5. In no case shall a declaration of a state of siege affect the right to life, physical integrity, citizenship, non-retroactivity of the criminal law, defence in a criminal case and freedom of conscience and religion, the right not to be subjected to torture, slavery or servitude, the right not to be subjected to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, and the guarantee of non-discrimination.
6. Authorities shall restore constitutional normality as soon as possible. (Sec. 25) - Tetum1. Lei de’it maka bele hapara direitu, liberdade no garantia fundamentál wainhira iha estadu serku eh estadu emerjénsia nia laran, tuir Lei-Inan haruka.
2. Bele de’it deklara estadu serku eh emerjénsia nian wainhira iha kazu agresaun eh ameasa hosi forsa rai-seluk ne’ebé atu tama dadauk ona, wainhira perturbasaun boot ka ameasa atu sobu orden konstitusionál demokrátiku eh dezorden públiku.
3. Wainhira fó-sai ona deklarasaun estadu serku eh emerjénsia nian sei hapara mós direitu, liberdade no garantia hirak ne’ebé mai iha espesifikasaun laran.
4. Wainhira presiza tebes duni, labele hanaruk suspensaun liu loron tolunulu nia laran, maibé la halo impedimentu atu hafoun hikas suspensaun ho tempu ne’ebé hanesan.
5. Deklarasaun estadu serku nian labele afeta direitu ba moris, integridade fíziku, sidadania, no labele halo retroatividade ba lei penál, direitu ba defeza ne’ebé iha ona prosesu krime nia laran no liberdade konxiénsia no relijiaun nian, ho direitu atu lasimu tortura, sai atan, tratamentu kruél, la’ós umanu eh degradante, no iha garantia atu la hetan diskriminasaun.
6. Autoridade sira iha obrigasaun atu harii hikas fali normalidade Lei-Inan nian, iha tempu badak nia laran. (Art. 25) - Portuguese1. A suspensão do exercício dos direitos, liberdades e garantias fundamentais só pode ter lugar declarado o estado de sítio ou o estado de emergência nos termos previstos na Constituição.
2. O estado de sítio ou o estado de emergência só podem ser declarados em caso de agressão efectiva ou iminente por forças estrangeiras, de grave perturbação ou ameaça de perturbação séria da ordem constitucional democrática ou de calamidade pública.
3. A declaração do estado de sítio ou do estado de emergência é fundamentada, com especificação dos direitos, liberdades e garantias cujo exercício fica suspenso.
4. A suspensão não pode prolongar-se por mais de trinta dias, sem impedimento de eventual renovação fundamentada por iguais períodos de tempo, quando absolutamente necessário.
5. A declaração do estado de sítio em caso algum pode afectar os direitos à vida, integridade física, cidadania e não retroactividade da lei penal, o direito à defesa em processo criminal, a liberdade de consciência e de religião, o direito a não ser sujeito a tortura, escravatura ou servidão, o direito a não ser sujeito a tratamento ou punição cruel, desumano ou degradante e a garantia de não discriminação.
6. As autoridades estão obrigadas a restabelecer a normalidade constitucional no mais curto espaço de tempo. (Art. 25)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English
Every human being has the right to the development and to the full realization of their person in their material, temporal, intellectual and spiritual dimensions, as long as it neither violates the rights of others nor infringes the constitutional order and good morals. (Art. 9)
- French
Tout être humain a droit au développement et au plein épanouissement de sa personne dans ses dimensions matérielle, temporelle, intellectuelle et spirituelle, pourvu qu'il ne viole pas les droits d'autrui ni n'enfreigne l'ordre constitutionnel et les bonnes mœurs. (Art. 9)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishThe attributions of the National Assembly are:
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6. to decide on the opportuneness of the state of urgency and the state of siege, to order with the Executive the constitutional guarantees to be suspended and to decide on any demand for renewal of this measure;
… (Art. 98-3) - FrenchLes attributions de l'Assemblée Nationale sont:
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6. de statuer sur l'opportunité de l'Etat d'urgence et l'Etat de siège, d'arrêter avec l'Exécutif les garanties constitutionnelles à suspendre et de se prononcer sur toute demande de renouvellement de cette mesure;
… (Art. 98.3)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English
1. Limitations of the rights and freedoms foreseen in this Constitution may be established only by law for a public interest or for the protection of the rights of others. The limitation shall be in proportion with the situation that has dictated it.
2. These limitations may not infringe the essence of the rights and freedoms and in no case may exceed the limitations provided for in the European Convention on Human Rights. (Art. 17) - Albanian
1. Kufizime të të drejtave dhe lirive të parashikuara në këtë Kushtetutë mund të vendosen vetëm me ligj për një interes publik ose për mbrojtjen e të drejtave të të tjerëve. Kufizimi duhet të jetë në përpjesëtim me gjendjen që e ka diktuar atë.
2. Këto kufizime nuk mund të cenojnë thelbin e lirive dhe të të drejtave dhe në asnjë rast nuk mund të tejkalojnë kufizimet e parashikuara në Konventën Europiane për të Drejtat e Njeriut. (Neni 17)