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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Limitations and/or Derogations
Eritrea
- English1. The National Assembly or any subordinate legislative authority shall not make any law, and the Executive and the agencies of government shall not take any action that abolishes or abridges the fundamental rights and freedoms conferred by this Constitution, unless so authorised by this Constitution. Any law or action in violation thereof shall be null and void.
… (Art. 28)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Bolivia, Plurinational State of
- EnglishIn the case of danger to the security of the State, external threat, internal disturbance or national disaster, the President of the State shall have the power to declare a state of emergency, wherever necessary in all or part of the territory. The declaration of the state of emergency shall not, in any case, suspend the guarantees of rights, nor the fundamental rights, the right of due process, the right to information and the rights of persons deprived of liberty. (Art. 137)
- SpanishEn caso de peligro para la seguridad del Estado, amenaza externa, conmoción interna o desastre natural, la Presidenta o el Presidente del Estado tendrá la potestad de declarar el estado de excepción, en todo o en la parte del territorio donde fuera necesario. La declaración del estado de excepción no podrá en ningún caso suspender las garantías de los derechos, ni los derechos fundamentales, el derecho al debido proceso, el derecho a la información y los derechos de las personas privadas de libertad. (Art. 137)
Limitations and/or Derogations
France
- EnglishLiberty consists in being able to do anything that does not harm others: thus, the exercise of the natural rights of every man has no bounds other than those that ensure to the other members of society the enjoyment of these same rights. These bounds may be determined only by Law. (1789 Declaration, Art. 4)
- FrenchLa liberté consiste à pouvoir faire tout ce qui ne nuit pas à autrui: ainsi, l'exercice des droits naturels de chaque homme n'a de bornes que celles qui assurent aux autres Membres de la Société la jouissance de ces mêmes droits. Ces bornes ne peuvent être déterminées que par la Loi. (Déclaration 1789, Art. 4)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Ghana
- EnglishThe exercise and enjoyment of rights and freedoms is inseparable from the performance of duties and obligations, and accordingly, it shall be the duty of every citizen—
…
(d) to respect the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of others, and generally to refrain from doing acts detrimental to the welfare of other persons;
… (Art. 41)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Chile
- EnglishThe tribunals of justice cannot qualify the bases [fundamentos] or the factual circumstances invoked by the authority to decree the states of exception, without prejudice to that provided in Article 39. However, concerning the specific measures which affect constitutional rights, the guarantee of recourse before the judicial authorities by means of the recourses that correspond[,] will always exist.
The requisitions that [have been] made give rise to indemnifications, in conformity with the law. The limitations imposed on the right to ownership[,] when they produce deprivation of any of its essential attributes or faculties and so cause injury, will also give rise to the right of indemnification. (Art. 45) - SpanishLos tribunales de justicia no podrán calificar los fundamentos ni las circunstancias de hecho invocados por la autoridad para decretar los estados de excepción, sin perjuicio de lo dispuesto en el artículo 39. No obstante, respecto de las medidas particulares que afecten derechos constitucionales, siempre existirá la garantía de recurrir ante las autoridades judiciales a través de los recursos que corresponda.
Las requisiciones que se practiquen darán lugar a indemnizaciones en conformidad a la ley. También darán derecho a indemnización las limitaciones que se impongan al derecho de propiedad cuando importen privación de alguno de sus atributos o facultades esenciales y con ello se cause daño. (Art. 45)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Lithuania
- EnglishUpon the imposition of martial law or the declaration of a state of emergency, the rights and freedoms specified in Articles 22, 24, 25, 32, 35, and 36 of the Constitution may temporarily be limited. (Art. 145)
- LithuanianĮvedus karo ar nepaprastąją padėtį, laikinai gali būti apribojamos teisės ir laisvės, nurodytos Konstitucijos 22, 24, 25, 32, 35 ir 36 straipsniuose. (145 straipsnis)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Liberia
- Englisha. Emergency powers do not include the power to suspend or abrogate the Constitution, dissolve the Legislature, or suspend or dismiss the Judiciary; and no constitutionals amendment shall be promulgated during a state of emergency. Where the Legislature is not in session, it must be convened immediately in special session and remain in session during the entire period of the state of emergency.
b. The writ of habeas corpus shall remain available and exercisable at all times and shall not be suspended on account of any state of emergency. It shall be enjoyed in the most free, easy, inexpensive, expeditious and ample manner. Any person who suffers from a violation of this right may challenge such violation in a court of competent jurisdiction. (Art. 87)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Dominican Republic
- English…
6. In the States of Interior Commotion and of Emergency, only the following rights recognized by this Constitution may be suspended:
a. Remission to prison, following the provisions of Article 40, number 1
b. Deprivation of liberty without cause or without the legal formalities, following that provided in Article 40, number 6.
c. Times of submission to the judicial authority or for being set free, established in Article 40, number 5.
d. The transfer from prison establishments or other locations, provided in Article 40, number 12.
e. The presentation of detained persons, established in Article 40, number 11.
f. That related to habeas corpus, regulated in Article 71.
g. The inviolability of the home and private premises, provided in Article 44, number 1
h. The freedom of transit, provided in Article 46.
i. Freedom of expression, in the terms provided by Article 49.
j. The freedoms of association and meeting, establishes in Articles 47 and 48.
k. The inviolability of correspondence, established in Article 44, number 3.
… (Art. 266) - Spanish…
6) En los Estados de Conmoción Interior y de Emergencia, sólo podrán suspenderse los siguientes derechos reconocidos por esta Constitución:
a) Reducción a prisión, según las disposiciones del artículo 40, numeral 1);
b) Privación de libertad sin causa o sin las formalidades legales, según lo dispone el artículo 40, numeral 6);
c) Plazos de sometimiento a la autoridad judicial o para la puesta en libertad, establecidos en el artículo 40, numeral 5);
d) El traslado desde establecimientos carcelarios u otros lugares, dispuesto en el artículo 40, numeral 12);
e) La presentación de detenidos, establecida en el artículo 40, numeral 11);
f) Lo relativo al hábeas corpus, regulado en el artículo 71;
g) La inviolabilidad del domicilio y de recintos privados, dispuesta en el artículo 44, numeral 1);
h) La libertad de tránsito, dispuesta en el artículo 46;
i) La libertad de expresión, en los términos dispuestos por el artículo 49;
j) Las libertades de asociación y de reunión, establecidas en los artículos 47 y 48;
k) La inviolabilidad de la correspondencia, establecida en el artículo 44, numeral 3).
… (Art. 266)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Portugal
- English1. The fundamental rights enshrined in the Constitution shall not exclude any others set out in applicable international laws and legal rules.
2. The constitutional precepts concerning fundamental rights must be interpreted and completed in harmony with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. (Art. 16) - Portuguese1. Os direitos fundamentais consagrados na Constituição não excluem quaisquer outros constantes das leis e das regras aplicáveis de direito internacional.
2. Os preceitos constitucionais e legais relativos aos direitos fundamentais devem ser interpretados e integrados de harmonia com a Declaração Universal dos Direitos do Homem. (Art. 16)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Haiti
- EnglishThe attributions of the National Assembly are:
…
6. to decide on the opportuneness of the state of urgency and the state of siege, to order with the Executive the constitutional guarantees to be suspended and to decide on any demand for renewal of this measure;
… (Art. 98-3) - FrenchLes attributions de l'Assemblée Nationale sont:
…
6. de statuer sur l'opportunité de l'Etat d'urgence et l'Etat de siège, d'arrêter avec l'Exécutif les garanties constitutionnelles à suspendre et de se prononcer sur toute demande de renouvellement de cette mesure;
… (Art. 98.3)