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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishThe attributions of the National Assembly are:
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6. to decide on the opportuneness of the state of urgency and the state of siege, to order with the Executive the constitutional guarantees to be suspended and to decide on any demand for renewal of this measure;
… (Art. 98-3) - FrenchLes attributions de l'Assemblée Nationale sont:
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6. de statuer sur l'opportunité de l'Etat d'urgence et l'Etat de siège, d'arrêter avec l'Exécutif les garanties constitutionnelles à suspendre et de se prononcer sur toute demande de renouvellement de cette mesure;
… (Art. 98.3)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishEvery individual has the right to enjoy life, security and liberty. Deprivation or restriction of these rights is prohibited except in accordance with the law and based on a decision issued by a competent judicial authority. (Art. 15)
- Arabicلكل فردٍ الحق في الحياة والأمن والحرية، ولا يجوز الحرمان من هذه الحقوق أو تقييدها إلا وفقاً للقانون، وبناءً على قرارٍ صادرٍ من جهةٍ قضائيةٍ مختصة. (المادة 15)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English1 Restrictions on fundamental rights must have a legal basis. Significant restrictions must have their basis in a federal act. The foregoing does not apply in cases of serious and immediate danger where no other course of action is possible.
2 Restrictions on fundamental rights must be justified in the public interest or for the protection of the fundamental rights of others.
3 Any restrictions on fundamental rights must be proportionate.
4 The essence of fundamental rights is sacrosanct. (Art. 36) - French1 Toute restriction d’un droit fondamental doit être fondée sur une base légale. Les restrictions graves doivent être prévues par une loi. Les cas de danger sérieux, direct et imminent sont réservés.
2 Toute restriction d’un droit fondamental doit être justifiée par un intérêt public ou par la protection d’un droit fondamental d’autrui.
3 Toute restriction d’un droit fondamental doit être proportionnée au but visé.
4 L’essence des droits fondamentaux est inviolable. (Art. 36) - German1 Einschränkungen von Grundrechten bedürfen einer gesetzlichen Grundlage. Schwerwiegende Einschränkungen müssen im Gesetz selbst vorgesehen sein. Ausgenommen sind Fälle ernster, unmittelbarer und nicht anders abwendbarer Gefahr.
2 Einschränkungen von Grundrechten müssen durch ein öffentliches Interesse oder durch den Schutz von Grundrechten Dritter gerechtfertigt sein.
3 Einschränkungen von Grundrechten müssen verhältnismässig sein.
4 Der Kerngehalt der Grundrechte ist unantastbar. (Art. 36) - Italian1 Le restrizioni dei diritti fondamentali devono avere una base legale. Se gravi, devono essere previste dalla legge medesima. Sono eccettuate le restrizioni ordinate in caso di pericolo grave, immediato e non altrimenti evitabile.
2 Le restrizioni dei diritti fondamentali devono essere giustificate da un interesse pubblico o dalla protezione di diritti fondamentali altrui.
3 Esse devono essere proporzionate allo scopo.
4 I diritti fondamentali sono intangibili nella loro essenza. (Art. 36)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishThe enunciation of the rights and guarantees contained in this Constitution must not be understood as the negation of others that, being inherent to the human personality, do not expressively figure in it. The lack of [a] regulatory law may not be invoked to deny or to curtail any right or guarantee. (Art. 45)
- SpanishLa enunciación de los derechos y garantías contenidos en esta Constitución no debe entenderse como negación de otros que, siendo inherentes a la personalidad humana, no figuren expresamente en ella. La falta de ley reglamentaria no podrá ser invocada para negar ni para menoscabar algún derecho o garantía. (Art. 45)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English(1) If the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is satisfied that a grave emergency exists whereby the security, or the economic life, or public order in the Federation or any part thereof is threatened, he may issue a Proclamation of Emergency making therein a declaration to that effect.
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(5) Subject to Clause (6a), while a Proclamation of Emergency is in force, Parliament may, notwithstanding anything in this Constitution make laws with respect to any matter, if it appears to Parliament that the law is required by reason of the emergency; and Article 79 shall not apply to a Bill for such a law or an amendment to such a Bill, nor shall any provision of this Constitution or of any written law which requires any consent or concurrence to the passing of a law or any consultation with respect thereto, or which restricts the coming into force of a law after it is passed or the presentation of a Bill to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong for his assent.
(6) Subject to Clause (6a), no provision of any ordinance promulgated under this Article, and no provision of any Act of Parliament which is passed while a Proclamation of Emergency is in force and which declares that the law appears to Parliament to be required by reason of the emergency, shall be invalid on the ground of inconsistency with any provision of this Constitution.
(6a) Clause (5) shall not extend the powers of Parliament with respect to any matter of Islamic law or the custom of the Malays, or with respect to any matter of native law or customs in the State of Sabah or Sarawak; nor shall Clause (6) validate any provision inconsistent with the provisions of this Constitution relating to any such matter or relating to religion, citizenship, or language.
… (Art. 150) - Malay(1) Jika Yang di-Pertuan Agong berpuas hati bahawa suatu darurat besar sedang berlaku yang menyebabkan keselamatan, atau kehidupan ekonomi, atau ketenteraman awam di dalam Persekutuan atau mana-mana bahagiannya terancam, maka Yang di-Pertuan Agong boleh mengeluarkan suatu Proklamasi Darurat dengan membuat dalamnya suatu perisytiharan yang bermaksud sedemikian.
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(5) Tertakluk kepada Fasal (6A), semasa Proklamasi Darurat berkuat kuasa, Parlimen boleh, walau apa pun apa-apa jua dalam Perlembagaan ini, membuat undang-undang mengenai apa-apa perkara, jika didapati oleh Parlimen bahawa undang-undang itu dikehendaki oleh sebab darurat itu; dan Perkara 79 tidaklah terpakai bagi suatu Rang Undang-Undang untuk sesuatu undang-undang yang sedemikian atau bagi sesuatu pindaan kepada sesuatu Rang Undang-Undang yang sedemikian, dan juga tidaklah terpakai mana-mana peruntukan Perlembagaan ini atau peruntukan mana-mana undang-undang bertulis yang menghendaki apa-apa keizinan atau persetujuan bagi meluluskan sesuatu undang-undang atau apa-apa rundingan mengenainya atau yang menyekat permulaan kuat kuasa sesuatu undang-undang selepas undang-undang itu diluluskan atau yang menyekat Rang Undang-Undang daripada dipersembahkan kepada Yang di-Pertuan Agong untuk diperkenankan olehnya.
(6) Tertakluk kepada Fasal (6A), tiada peruntukan mana-mana ordinan yang dimasyhurkan di bawah Perkara ini, dan tiada peruntukan mana-mana Akta Parlimen yang diluluskan semasa Proklamasi Darurat berkuat kuasa dan yang mengisytiharkan bahawa didapati oleh Parlimen undang-undang itu dikehendaki oleh sebab darurat, boleh menjadi tidak sah atas alasan ketidakselarasan dengan mana-mana peruntukan Perlembagaan ini.
(6A) Fasal (5) tidak boleh memperluas kuasa Parlimen mengenai apa-apa perkara hukum Syarak atau adat Melayu atau mengenai apa-apa perkara undang-undang atau adat anak negeri di Negeri Sabah atau Sarawak; dan juga Fasal (6) tidak boleh menjadikan sah mana-mana peruntukan yang tidak selaras dengan peruntukan Perlembagaan ini yang berhubungan dengan apa-apa perkara sedemikian atau berhubungan dengan agama, kewarganegaraan, atau bahasa.
… (Perkara 150)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English1. Individual freedoms and guarantees may be temporarily suspended or restricted only in the event of a declaration of a state of war, of a state of siege, or of a state of emergency, in accordance with the terms of the Constitution.
2. Whenever there is a suspension or restriction of freedoms or guarantees, such suspension or restriction shall be general and abstract, and the duration and the legal grounds on which it is founded shall be specified. (Art. 72) - Portuguese1. As liberdades e garantias individuais só podem ser suspensas ou limitadas temporariamente em virtude de declaração do estado de guerra, do estado de sítio ou do estado de emergência nos termos estabelecidos na Constituição.
2. Sempre que se verifique suspensão ou limitação de liberdades ou de garantias, elas têm um carácter geral e abstracto e devem especificar a duração e a base legal em que assenta. (Art. 72)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishThe enumeration in this Constitution of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. (Art. II, Sec. 17)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English(1) An Act to which this section applies may expressly declare that it shall have effect even though inconsistent with sections 4 and 5 and if any such Act does so declare, it shall have effect accordingly unless the Act is shown not to be reasonably justifiable in a society that has a proper respect for the rights and freedoms of the individual.
(2) An Act to which this section applies is one the Bill for which has been passed by both Houses of Parliament and at the final vote thereon in each House has been supported by the votes of not less than three-fifths of all the members of that House.
(3) For the purposes of subsection (2) the number of members of the Senate shall, notwithstanding the appointment of temporary members in accordance with section 44, be deemed to be the number of members specified in section 40(l). (Sec. 13)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishIt is not allowed to impose restrictions on fundamental rights and freedoms when declaring a state of emergency except to the extent necessary to fulfill the purpose stated in the decree declaring the state of emergency. (Art. 111)
- Arabicلا يجوز فرض قيود على الحقوق و الحريات الأساسية إلا بالقدر الضروري لتحقيق الهدف المعلن في مرسوم إعلان حالة الطوارئ. (المادّة 111)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English
The declaration of war is authorized by the National Assembly.
The rights and duties of the citizens, during war or in case of invasion or of attack of the national territory by forces from the exterior, are made the object of an organic law. (Art. 70) - French
La déclaration de guerre est autorisée par l'Assemblée nationale.
Les droits et devoirs des citoyens, pendant la guerre ou en cas d'invasion ou d'attaque du territoire national par des forces de l'extérieur, font l'objet d'une loi organique. (Art. 70)