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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishThe declaration of a state of siege or state of emergency may not in any way, affect the right to life, physical integrity, personal identity, civil capacity, citizenship, the non-retroactivity of penal law, the right of defense by the defendant and the freedom of conscience and of religion. (Art. 274)
- PortugueseA declaração do estado de sítio ou de emergência em nenhum caso pode afectar os direitos à vida, à integridade física, à identidade pessoal, à capacidade civil e à cidadania, a não retroactividade da lei penal, o direito de defesa do arguido e a liberdade de consciência e de religião. (Art. 274)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English
The President of the Republic may, after hearing the Council of the Republic and the National Defense Council, decree a state of defense to preserve or to promptly re-establish, in specific and restricted locations, the public order or the social peace threatened by serious and imminent institutional instability or affected by major natural calamities.
Paragraph 1. The decree instituting the state of defense shall determine the period of its duration, shall specify the areas to be encompassed and shall indicate, within the terms and limitations of the law, the coercive measures to be in force from among the following:
I – restrictions to the rights of:
a) assembly, even if held within associations;
b) secrecy of correspondence;
c) secrecy of telegraph and telephone communication;
II – in the event of a public calamity, occupation and temporary use of public property and services, the Union being liable for the resulting damages and costs.
… (Art. 136) - Portuguese
O Presidente da República pode, ouvidos o Conselho da República e o Conselho de Defesa Nacional, decretar estado de defesa para preservar ou prontamente restabelecer, em locais restritos e determinados, a ordem pública ou a paz social ameaçadas por grave e iminente instabilidade institucional ou atingidas por calamidades de grandes proporções na natureza.
§ 1º - O decreto que instituir o estado de defesa determinará o tempo de sua duração, especificará as áreas a serem abrangidas e indicará, nos termos e limites da lei, as medidas coercitivas a vigorarem, dentre as seguintes:
I - restrições aos direitos de:
a) reunião, ainda que exercida no seio das associações;
b) sigilo de correspondência;
c) sigilo de comunicação telegráfica e telefônica;
II - ocupação e uso temporário de bens e serviços públicos, na hipótese de calamidade pública, respondendo a União pelos danos e custos decorrentes.
… (Art. 136)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English1. The rights and freedoms recognised in chapters III11 and IV12 of this Title bind immediately all public authorities as directly enforceable law. Their content cannot be limited by law and are protected by the Courts.
… (Art. 39) - Catalan1. Els drets i llibertats reconeguts en els capítols III i IV del present Títol vinculen immediatament els poders públics a títol de dret directament aplicable. El seu contingut no pot ésser limitat per la llei i és protegit pels Tribunals.
… (Art. 39)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English1. The fundamental rights and freedoms guaranteed under this Constitution may be limited only in so far as is in the interests of national security, public safety or the economic well-being of the country, health or morals, for the prevention of public disorder or crime or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others.
2. Any law providing for the limitation of the fundamental rights and freedoms guaranteed in this Constitution must:
a. be consistent with the principles of democracy and justice;
b. be of general application and not negate the essential content of the right or freedom in question;
c. specify the ascertainable extent of such limitations and identify the article or articles hereof on which authority to enact such limitation is claimed to rest.
3. The provisions of Sub-Article 1 of this Article shall not be used to limit the fundamental rights and freedoms guaranteed under Articles 14(1) and (2); 15;16; 17 (2), (5), (7) and (8); and 19 (1) of this Constitution. (Art. 26)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishThe exercise of these rights of the people are only limited by the rights of others, collective security, general well-being, respect for public order, the Constitution, and the laws. (Art. 45)
- SpanishEl ejercicio de los derechos de las personas solo está limitado por los derechos de los demás, la seguridad colectiva, el bienestar general, el respeto al orden público, a la Constitución y a las leyes. (Art. 45)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishRights and freedoms may only be circumscribed in accordance with the Constitution. Such circumscription must be necessary in a democratic society and may not distort the nature of the rights and freedoms circumscribed. (Sec. 11)
- EstonianÕigusi ja vabadusi tohib piirata ainult kooskõlas põhiseadusega. Need piirangud peavad olema demokraatlikus ühiskonnas vajalikud ega tohi moonutada piiratavate õiguste ja vabaduste olemust. (§ 11)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English...
(10) Nothing in, or done under the authority of, an Act of Parliament shall be held to be inconsistent with, or in contravention of, articles 12 to 308 of this Constitution to the extent that the Act in question authorises the taking, during any period when a state of emergency is in force, of measures that are reasonably justifiable for the purposes of dealing with the situation that exists during that period. (Art. 31)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishThe rights and [the] guarantees granted by the Constitution do not exclude others that, even though they are not expressly mentioned in it, are inherent to the human person.
The social interest prevails over the individual [particular] interest.
The laws and the government provisions or [those of] any other order that reduce, restrict, or distort the rights guaranteed by the Constitution are void ipso jure. (Art. 44) - SpanishLos derechos y garantías que otorga la Constitución no excluyen otros que, aunque no figuren expresamente en ella, son inherentes a la persona humana.
El interés social prevalece sobre el interés particular.
Serán nulas ipso jure las leyes y las disposiciones gubernativas o de cualquier otro orden que disminuyan, restrinjan o tergiversen los derechos que la Constitución garantiza. (Art. 44)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English…
During a state of emergency or martial law, the Constitution may not be amended. (Art. 147) - Lithuanian...
Nepaprastosios padėties ar karo padėties metu Konstitucija negali būti taisoma. (147 straipsnis)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English1. No restrictions or limitations may be placed on the exercise of any rights and freedoms provided for in this Constitution other than those prescribed by law, which are reasonable, recognized by international human rights standards and necessary in an open and democratic society.
2. Laws prescribing restrictions or limitations shall not negate the essential content of the right or freedom in question, and shall be of general application.
3. Expropriation of property shall be permissible only when done for public utility and only when there has been adequate notification and appropriate compensation, provided that there shall always be a right to appeal to a court of law.
4. Wherever it is stated in this Constitution that a person has the right to the services of a legal practitioner or medical practitioner of his or her own choice, that right shall be without limitation, save where the State is obliged to provide such services of a legal practitioner or medical practitioner, in which case an Act of Parliament may prescribe that the choice of the legal practitioner or medical practitioner should be limited to those in Government service or employment. (Sec. 44)