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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishThe public rights and freedoms stated in this Constitution may only be regulated or limited by or in accordance with the law, and such regulation or limitation may not prejudice the essence of the right or freedom. (Art. 31)
- Arabicلا يكــون تـنظيــم الحقـــوق والحريات العامة المنصوص عليهـا في هذا الدستور أو تحديدها إلا بقانون، أو بناءً عليه. ولا يجــوز أن ينال التـنظيم أو التحديد من جوهر الحق أو الحرية. (المادّة 31)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishIt is not allowed to impose restrictions on fundamental rights and freedoms when declaring a state of emergency except to the extent necessary to fulfill the purpose stated in the decree declaring the state of emergency. (Art. 111)
- Arabicلا يجوز فرض قيود على الحقوق و الحريات الأساسية إلا بالقدر الضروري لتحقيق الهدف المعلن في مرسوم إعلان حالة الطوارئ. (المادّة 111)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English
(1) The Preamble acknowledges that Tuvalu is an Independent State based on Christian principles, the Rule of Law, Tuvaluan values, culture and tradition, and respect for human dignity.
...
(3) Within Tuvalu, the freedoms of the individual can only be exercised having regard to the rights or feelings of other people, the Charter of Duties and Responsibilities in section 43, and to the effect on society.
(4) It may therefore be necessary in certain circumstances to regulate or place some restrictions on the exercise of those rights, if their exercise-
(a) may be divisive, unsettling or offensive to the people; or
(b) may directly threaten Tuvaluan values or culture.
(5) Subject to section 15 (definition of “reasonably justifiable in a democratic society”) nothing contained in a law or done under a law shall be considered to be inconsistent with section 23 (freedom of belief); or section 24 (freedom of expression); or section 25 (freedom of assembly and association); or section 26 (freedom of movement); or section 27 (freedom from discrimination) to the extent the law makes provision regulating or placing restrictions on any exercise of the right-
(a) to spread beliefs; or
(b) to communicate opinions, ideas and information;
(c) to assemble and associate with others;
(d) to move freely or reside within Tuvalu or to enter and to leave Tuvalu; or
(e) to not be discriminated against;
if the exercise of that right may otherwise conflict with subsection (4). (Sec. 29)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English...
(5) In order that all persons may benefit from the rights and freedoms guaranteed by this Constitution, every person has the duty to so conduct himself and his affairs in the manner that does not infringe upon the rights and freedoms of others or the public interest. (Art. 29)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English1. Suspension of the exercise of fundamental rights, freedoms and guarantees shall only take place if a state of siege or a state of emergency has been declared as provided for by the Constitution.
2. A state of siege or a state of emergency shall only be declared in case of effective or impending aggression by a foreign force, of serious disturbance or threat of serious disturbance to the democratic constitutional order, or of public disaster.
3. A declaration of a state of siege or a state of emergency shall be substantiated, specifying rights, freedoms and guarantees the exercise of which is to be suspended.
4. A suspension shall not last for more than thirty days, without prejudice of possible justified renewal, when strictly necessary, for equal periods of time.
5. In no case shall a declaration of a state of siege affect the right to life, physical integrity, citizenship, non-retroactivity of the criminal law, defence in a criminal case and freedom of conscience and religion, the right not to be subjected to torture, slavery or servitude, the right not to be subjected to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, and the guarantee of non-discrimination.
6. Authorities shall restore constitutional normality as soon as possible. (Sec. 25) - Tetum1. Lei de’it maka bele hapara direitu, liberdade no garantia fundamentál wainhira iha estadu serku eh estadu emerjénsia nia laran, tuir Lei-Inan haruka.
2. Bele de’it deklara estadu serku eh emerjénsia nian wainhira iha kazu agresaun eh ameasa hosi forsa rai-seluk ne’ebé atu tama dadauk ona, wainhira perturbasaun boot ka ameasa atu sobu orden konstitusionál demokrátiku eh dezorden públiku.
3. Wainhira fó-sai ona deklarasaun estadu serku eh emerjénsia nian sei hapara mós direitu, liberdade no garantia hirak ne’ebé mai iha espesifikasaun laran.
4. Wainhira presiza tebes duni, labele hanaruk suspensaun liu loron tolunulu nia laran, maibé la halo impedimentu atu hafoun hikas suspensaun ho tempu ne’ebé hanesan.
5. Deklarasaun estadu serku nian labele afeta direitu ba moris, integridade fíziku, sidadania, no labele halo retroatividade ba lei penál, direitu ba defeza ne’ebé iha ona prosesu krime nia laran no liberdade konxiénsia no relijiaun nian, ho direitu atu lasimu tortura, sai atan, tratamentu kruél, la’ós umanu eh degradante, no iha garantia atu la hetan diskriminasaun.
6. Autoridade sira iha obrigasaun atu harii hikas fali normalidade Lei-Inan nian, iha tempu badak nia laran. (Art. 25) - Portuguese1. A suspensão do exercício dos direitos, liberdades e garantias fundamentais só pode ter lugar declarado o estado de sítio ou o estado de emergência nos termos previstos na Constituição.
2. O estado de sítio ou o estado de emergência só podem ser declarados em caso de agressão efectiva ou iminente por forças estrangeiras, de grave perturbação ou ameaça de perturbação séria da ordem constitucional democrática ou de calamidade pública.
3. A declaração do estado de sítio ou do estado de emergência é fundamentada, com especificação dos direitos, liberdades e garantias cujo exercício fica suspenso.
4. A suspensão não pode prolongar-se por mais de trinta dias, sem impedimento de eventual renovação fundamentada por iguais períodos de tempo, quando absolutamente necessário.
5. A declaração do estado de sítio em caso algum pode afectar os direitos à vida, integridade física, cidadania e não retroactividade da lei penal, o direito à defesa em processo criminal, a liberdade de consciência e de religião, o direito a não ser sujeito a tortura, escravatura ou servidão, o direito a não ser sujeito a tratamento ou punição cruel, desumano ou degradante e a garantia de não discriminação.
6. As autoridades estão obrigadas a restabelecer a normalidade constitucional no mais curto espaço de tempo. (Art. 25)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English
Every human being has the right to the development and to the full realization of their person in their material, temporal, intellectual and spiritual dimensions, as long as it neither violates the rights of others nor infringes the constitutional order and good morals. (Art. 9)
- French
Tout être humain a droit au développement et au plein épanouissement de sa personne dans ses dimensions matérielle, temporelle, intellectuelle et spirituelle, pourvu qu'il ne viole pas les droits d'autrui ni n'enfreigne l'ordre constitutionnel et les bonnes mœurs. (Art. 9)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishNothing contained in or done under the authority of a law enacted by Parliament shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of section 5 or section 14 of this Constitution to the extent that the law authorises the taking during any period of public emergency of measures that are reasonably justifiable, for dealing with the situation that exists in Antigua and Barbuda during that period. (Sec. 16)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English...
2. Under a state of alarm the exercise of the rights recognised in articles 21 and 27 may be limited. Under a state of emergency the rights covered by articles 9.2, 12, 15, 16, 19 and 21 may be suspended. The application of this suspension to the rights covered in articles 9.2 and 15 must be effected under the control of the judiciary notwithstanding the procedure of protection established in article 9.3. (Art. 42) - Catalan...
2. Durant l'estat d'alarma es pot limitar l'exercici dels drets reconeguts en els articles 21 i 27. Durant l'estat d'emergència poden ésser suspesos els drets recollits en els articles 9.2, 12, 15, 16, 19 i 21. L'aplicació d'aquesta suspensió als drets continguts en els articles 9.2 i 15 s'ha de dur a terme sempre sota control judicial i sense perjudici del procediment de protecció establert a l'article 9.3. (Art. 42)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English1. The President of the Republic, when the circumstances demand it, can declare by way of decree the state of alarm, the state of exception or that of siege, informing the Chamber of the Deputies and the Senate.
2. The proclamation of the state of alarm, of exception or of siege must expressly determine the effects of it and, the territorial scope to which its duration is extended.
3. The law regulates the states of alarm, of exception and of siege, as well as the corresponding competences and limitations.
4. While any of the states comprehended in this Article have been declared[,] the dissolution of the Chambers of Parliament may not proceed.
5. For the creation [actuaci6n] of armed bands or of terrorist elements, with the necessary judicial intervention and the adequate parliamentary control, the rights and guarantees recognized in this Fundamental Law can be suspended in individual or collective form for specific persons[,] in accordance with the Law. (Art. 44) - Spanish1. El Presidente de la República, cuando las circunstancias lo demanden, podrá declarar mediante decreto el estado de alarma, el estado de excepción o de sitio, informándolo a la Cámara de los Diputados y al Senado.
2. La proclamación del estado de alarma, de excepción o de sitio deberá determinar expresamente los efectos del mismo y el ámbito territorial a que se extiende su duración.
3. La ley regula los estados de alarma, de excepción y de sitio, así como las competencias y limitaciones correspondientes.
4. No podrá proceder a la disolución de las Cámaras del Parlamento mientras están declarados algunos de los estados comprendidos en el presente artículo.
5. Por la actuación de bandas armadas o de elementos terroristas, con la necesaria intervención judicial y el adecuado control parlamentario, los derechos y garantías reconocidos en la Ley Fundamental podrán ser suspendidos de forma individual o colectiva para personas determinadas conforme a la Ley. (Art. 44) - FrenchLe Président de la République peut, lorsque les circonstances l'exigent, déclarer par décret l'état d'alarme, l'état d'exception ou de siège, en informant la Chambre des députés et le Sénat.
2. La proclamation d'un état d'alarme, d'urgence ou de siège contiendra la détermination expresse de ses effets et de sa portée territoriale.
3. La loi définit le régime des états d'alarme, d'urgence et de siège, ainsi que les compétences et les limites qui s'y rapportent.
4. La dissolution des chambres du Parlement ne pourra être prononcée tant que durent les états d'urgence visés au présent article.
5. Les droits et garanties reconnus aux personnes dans la Loi fondamentale pourront être suspendus individuellement ou collectivement conformément à la loi, en raison de l'action de bandes armées ou de factions terroristes, la nécessaire intervention du pouvoir judiciaire et l'exercice adéquat du contrôle parlementaire étant garantis. (Art. 44)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishThe guarantee in this Charter7 of certain rights and freedoms shall not be construed so as to abrogate or derogate from any aboriginal, treaty or other rights or freedoms that pertain to the aboriginal peoples of Canada including
(a) any rights or freedoms that have been recognized by the Royal Proclamation of October 7, 1763; and
(b) any rights or freedoms that now exist by way of land claims agreements or may be so acquired. (Constitution Act 1982, Sec. 25) - FrenchLe fait que la présente charte garantit certains droits et libertés ne porte pas atteinte aux droits ou libertés — ancestraux, issus de traités ou autres — des peuples autochtones du Canada, notamment:
a) aux droits ou libertés reconnus par la proclamation royale du 7 octobre 1763;
b) aux droits ou libertés existants issus d’accords sur des revendications territoriales ou ceux susceptibles d’être ainsi acquis. (Loi constitutionnelle de 1982, Sec. 25)