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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishNo revision may infringe the provisions relative to the Muslim religion, on the monarchic form of the State, on the democratic choice of the Nation or on [those] acquired in matters of [the] freedoms and of fundamental rights inscribed in this Constitution. (Art. 175)
- Arabicلايحقّ أن تتناول المراجعة الأحكام المتعلّقة بالّدين الإسلامي، وبالنّظام الملكي للدّولة، وبالاختيار الديمقراطي للأمّة، وبالمكتسبات في مجال الحريات والحقوق الأساسية المنصوص عليها في هذا الدّستور. (الفصل 175)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishIn case of war, danger of war, state of siege or state of emergency or for reasons of state security, public order and good morals, the rights mentioned in the Constitution may be submitted to limitations by law, which will be in force during a certain time, depending on the circumstances, in compliance with the international rules applicable in respect thereof. (Art. 23)
- DutchIn geval van oorlog, oorlogsgevaar, staat van beleg of een andere uitzonderingstoestand of om reden van staatsveiligheid, openbare orde en goede zeden kunnen de in de Grondwet genoemde rechten bij wet worden onderworpen aan de beperkingen, welke gedurende een bepaalde periode, afhankelijk van de situatie, van kracht zullen zijn, met inachtneming van de terzake geldende internationale bepalingen. (Art. 23)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English
The President shall be the Commander-in-Chief of all armed forces of the Philippines and whenever it becomes necessary, he may call out such armed forces to prevent or suppress lawless violence, invasion or rebellion. In case of invasion or rebellion, when the public safety requires it, he may, for a period not exceeding sixty days, suspend the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus or place the Philippines or any part thereof under martial law. Within forty-eight hours from the proclamation of martial law or the suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus, the President shall submit a report in person or in writing to the Congress. The Congress, voting jointly, by a vote of at least a majority of all its Members in regular or special session, may revoke such proclamation or suspension, which revocation shall not be set aside by the President. Upon the initiative of the President, the Congress may, in the same manner, extend such proclamation or suspension for a period to be determined by the Congress, if the invasion or rebellion shall persist and public safety requires it.
The Congress, if not in session, shall, within twenty-four hours following such proclamation or suspension, convene in accordance with its rules without any need of a call.
The Supreme Court may review, in an appropriate proceeding filed by any citizen, the sufficiency of the factual basis of the proclamation of martial law or the suspension of the privilege of the writ or the extension thereof, and must promulgate its decision thereon within thirty days from its filing.
A state of martial law does not suspend the operation of the Constitution, nor supplant the functioning of the civil courts or legislative assemblies, nor authorize the conferment of jurisdiction on military courts and agencies over civilians where civil courts are able to function, nor automatically suspend the privilege of the writ.
The suspension of the privilege of the writ shall apply only to persons judicially charged for rebellion or offenses inherent in or directly connected with the invasion.
During the suspension of the privilege of the writ, any person thus arrested or detained shall be judicially charged within three days, otherwise he shall be released. (Art. VII, Sec. 18) - Filipino
Dapat maging Commander-in-Chief ng lahat ng mga sandatahang lakas ng Pilipinas ang Pangulo at, kailanma't kakailanganin, maaari niyang atasan ang nasabing mga sandatahang lakas na pigilin o sugpuin ang labag sa batas na karahasan, pananalakay, o paghihimagsik. Kung sakaling may pananalakay o paghihimagsik, kapag kakailanganin ng kaligtasang pambayan, maaaring suspindihin niya, nang hindi hihigit sa animnapung araw, ang pribilehiyo ng writ of habeas corpus o ipailalim sa batas militar ang Pilipinas o ang alin mang bahagi nito. Sa loob ng apatnapu't walong oras ng pagkapahayag ng batas militar o pagkakasuspindi ng pribilehiyo ng writ of habeas corpus, ang Pangulo ay dapat magharap ng personal o nakasulat na ulat sa Kongreso. Maaring pawalang-saysay ng Kongreso, sa magkasamang pagboto, sa pamamagitan ng boto ng mayorya man lamang ng lahat ng mga Kagawad nito sa regular o tanging sesyon o tanging sesyon, ang nasabing pagkapahayag o pakasuspindi, na hindi dapat isaisantabi ng Pangulo ang pagpapawalang-saysay na iyon. Sa pagkukusa ng Pangulo, maaaring palawigin ng Kongreso sa katulad na paraan ang nasabing pagkapahayag o pagkasuspindi sa loob ng panahong itatakda ng Kongreso kung magpapatuloy ang pananalakay o paghihimagsik at kakailanganin ng kaligtasang pambayan.
Ang Kongreso, kung walang sesyon, ay dapat magsimula ng pagpupulong sa loob ng dalawampu't apat na oras kasunod ng nasabing pagpapahayag o pagsuspindi, alinsunod sa mga alituntunin nito na hindi na nangangailangang itawag.
Maaaring ribyuhin ng Kataastaasang Hukuman, sa isang nararapat na prosiding na iniharap ng sino mang mamamayan, ang kasapatan ng pinagbatayang pangyayari sa pagpapahayag ng batas militar o pagsususpindi ng pribilehiyo ng writ o pagpapalawig niyon at kinakailangang maglagda ng pasya nito tungkol doon sa loob ng tatlumpung araw mula sa pagkaharap nito.
Ang kalagayang batas militar ay hindi sumususpindi sa pag-iral ng Konstitusyon, ni hindi pumapalit sa panunungkulan ng mga hukumang sibil o mga kapulungang tagapagbatas, ni hindi nagpapahintulot sa pagbibigay sa mga sangay at hukumang militar ng hurisdiksyon sa mga sibilyan kung ang mga hukumang sibil ay nakapanunungkulan, ni hindi kusang nagsususpindi sa pribilehiyo ng writ.
Ang pagsupindi sa pribilehiyo ng writ ay dapat sumaklaw lamang sa mga taong isinakdal sa hukuman ng paghihimagsik o ng mga pagkakasalang likas o tuwirang kaugnay sa pananalakay. Sa panahong suspindido ang pribilehiyo ng writ, ang sino mang tao na dinakip o ipiniit sa gayon ay dapat ipagsakdal sa hukuman sa loob ng tatlong araw, kung hindi, dapat siyang palayain. (Art. VII, Seksyon 18)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English…
(2) Everyone has the right to freedom based on law, and accordingly, subject to this Constitution-
(a) everyone has the legal right to do anything that-
(i) does not injure others or interfere with the rights and freedoms of others;
... (Sec. 10)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English1. The exercise of fundamental rights may only be restricted in cases provided for by the Constitution and suspended during a state of siege or a state of emergency declared under the terms of the Constitution and of the law.
2. No restriction or suspension of a right may be imposed for longer than strictly necessary. (Art. 19) - Portuguese1. O exercício dos direitos fundamentais só pode ser restringido nos casos previstos na Constituição e suspenso na vigência de estado de sítio ou de estado de emergência declarados nos termos da Constituição e da lei.
2. Nenhuma restrição ou suspensão de direito pode ser estabelecida para além do estritamente necessário. (Art. 19)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishIn a state of emergency or during martial law, fundamental rights and freedoms of the human being and the citizen, with the exception of those stipulated by Articles 23–26, 28–30, 35–37, Part 1 of Article 38, Part 1 of Article 41, Part 1, the first sentence of Part 5, and Part 8 of Article 47, Article 52, Part 2 of Article 55, Articles 56, 61, and 63–72 of the Constitution, may be temporarily suspended or subjected to additional restrictions in the manner stipulated by law to the extent required by the situation, subject to the international commitments undertaken with respect to derogations from commitments in emergency situations or during martial law. (Art. 76)
- ArmenianԱրտակարգ կամ ռազմական դրության ժամանակ մարդու և քաղաքացու հիմնական իրավունքները և ազատությունները, բացառությամբ Սահմանադրության 23-26-րդ, 28-30-րդ, 35-37-րդ հոդվածներում, 38-րդ հոդվածի 1-ին մասում, 41-րդ հոդվածի 1-ին մասում, 47-րդ հոդվածի 1-ին մասում, 5-րդ մասի 1-ին նախադասությունում և 8-րդ մասում, 52-րդ, 55-րդ հոդվածի 2-րդ մասում, 56-րդ, 61-րդ, 63-72-րդ հոդվածներում նշվածների, կարող են օրենքով սահմանված կարգով ժամանակավորապես կասեցվել կամ լրացուցիչ սահմանափակումների ենթարկվել միայն այնքանով, որքանով դա պահանջում է իրավիճակը` արտակարգ կամ ռազմական դրության ժամանակ պարտավորություններից շեղվելու վերաբերյալ ստանձնված միջազգային պարտավորությունների շրջանակներում: (Հոդված 76)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English…
2. It is exclusively incumbent upon the National Parliament to make laws on:
…
n) The suspension of constitutional guarantees and the declaration of the state of siege and the state of emergency;
… (Sec. 95) - Tetum…
2. Parlamentu Nasionál de’it mak halo lejizlasaun kona-ba:
…
n) Suspensaun garantia konstitusionál nian no mós deklarasaun estadu serku ho tan estadu emerjénsia nian;
… (Art. 95) - Portuguese…
2. Compete exclusivamente ao Parlamento Nacional legislar sobre:
…
n) A suspensão das garantias constitucionais e a declaração do estado de sítio e do estado de emergência;
… (Art. 95)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English1. The exercise of the rights, freedoms and guarantees of citizens may only be limited or suspended in the event of a state of war, siege or emergency, under the terms of the Constitution and the law.
2. A state of war, siege or emergency may only be declared in part or all of national territory in cases of actual or imminent aggression by foreign forces, serious threat to, or disturbance of, the constitutional democratic order, or public disaster.
3. The decision to opt for a state of war, siege or emergency, in addition to its declaration and implementation must always be limited to the necessary and appropriate actions required to maintain public order and protect general interests, observing the principle of proportionality and being limited, particularly with regard to extent and duration and the means employed, to that which is strictly necessary to promptly restore constitutional normality.
4. The declaration of a state of war, siege or emergency shall confer on the public authorities the power and responsibility to take the appropriate steps needed to restore constitutional normality.
5. Under no circumstances may the declaration of a state of war, siege or emergency effect:
a) The application of constitutional rules concerning the responsibilities and functioning of the bodies that exercise sovereign power;
b) The rights and immunities of the members of bodies that exercise sovereign power;
c) The right to life, personal integrity and personal identity;
d) Civil capacity and citizenship;
e) The non-retroactive nature of criminal law;
f) The right to a defence;
g) Freedom of conscience and religion.
6. Special law shall regulate the state of war, siege or emergency. (Art. 58) - Portuguese1. O exercício dos direitos, liberdades e garantias dos cidadãos apenas pode ser limitado ou suspenso em caso de estado de guerra, de estado de sítio ou de estado de emergência, nos termos da Constituição e da lei.
2. O estado de guerra, o estado de sítio e o estado de emergência só podem ser declarados, no todo ou em parte do território nacional, nos casos de agressão efectiva ou iminente por forças estrangeiras, de grave ameaça ou perturbação da ordem constitucional democrática ou de calamidade pública.
3. A opção pelo estado de guerra, estado de sítio ou estado de emergência, bem como a respectiva declaração e execução, devem sempre limitar-se às acções necessárias e adequadas à manutenção da ordem pública, à protecção do interesse geral, ao respeito do princípio da proporcionalidade e limitar-se, nomeadamente quanto à sua extensão, duração e meios utilizados, ao estritamente necessário ao pronto restabelecimento da normalidade constitucional.
4. A declaração do estado de guerra, do estado de sítio ou do estado de emergência confere às autoridades competência para tomarem as providências necessárias e adequadas ao pronto restabelecimento da normalidade constitucional.
5. Em caso algum a declaração do estado de guerra, do estado de sítio ou do estado de emergência pode afectar:
a) A aplicação das regras constitucionais relativas à competência e ao funcionamento dos órgãos de soberania;
b) Os direitos e imunidades dos membros dos órgãos de soberania;
c) O direito à vida, à integridade pessoal e à identidade pessoal;
d) A capacidade civil e a cidadania;
e) A não retroactividade da lei penal;
f) O direito de defesa dos arguidos;
g) A liberdade de consciência e de religião.
6. Lei especial regula o estado de guerra, o estado de sítio e o estado de emergência. (Art. 58)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English(1) The rights in the Bill of Rights may be limited only in terms of law of general application to the extent that the limitation is reasonable and justifiable in an open and democratic society based on human dignity, equality and freedom, taking into account all relevant factors, including—
(a) the nature of the right;
(b) the importance of the purpose of the limitation;
(c) the nature and extent of the limitation;
(d) the relation between the limitation and its purpose; and
(e) less restrictive means to achieve the purpose.
(2) Except as provided in subsection (1) or in any other provision of the Constitution, no law may limit any right entrenched in the Bill of Rights. (Sec. 36)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishThe exercise by citizens of the People's Republic of China of their freedoms and rights may not infringe upon the interests of the state, of society and of the collective, or upon the lawful freedoms and rights of other citizens. (Art. 51)
- Chinese中华人民共和国公民在行使自由和权利的时候,不得损害国家的、社会的、集体的利益和其他公民的合法的自由和权利。(第五十一条)