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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English(1) Any law enacted or promulgated in consequence of a declaration of a state of emergency under this Constitution—
(a) may limit a right or freedom set out in this Chapter (with the exception of the rights and freedoms set out in sections 8, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 22 and 26) only to the extent that—
(i) the limitation is strictly necessary and required by the emergency; and
(ii) the law is consistent with Fiji’s obligations under international law applicable to a state of emergency; and
(b) takes effect only when it has been published in the Gazette.
(2) A person detained under a law contemplated in subsection (1) retains all the rights recognised in this Chapter, subject only to the limitations referred to in subsection (1). (Sec. 43) - iTaukei(1) Ni dua na lawa e sa vakadonui se sa taurivaki ena vuku ni tikoleqa vakamatanitu ena Yavunivakavulewa qo—
(a) ena rawa ni yalana na dodonu se galala e yavutaki ena Wase qo (vakavo na dodonu kei na galala yavutaki ena tikina 8,10,11,13,14,15,16, 22 kei na 26) ia ena qai yalani ga ena gauna e gadrevi kina—
(i) na kena yalani ena vakatabakidua ena kena gadrevi ena gauna ni tikoleqa vakamatanitu; kei na
(ii) lawa e salavata kei na itavi ni vanua o Viti ena lawa levu kei vuravura ka dau vakayagataki ena gauna ni tikoleqa vakamatanitu; ka na
(b) taurivaki ga ena gauna e sa tabaki i na iTukutuku Tabaki Vakamatanitu.
(2) Ke dua e vesu ena wasetiki (1), e tu vua na dodonu e virikotori ena Wase qo, vakavo ke yalani me vaka e virikotori ena wasetiki (1). (Sec. 43)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English(1) In addition to the limitations permitted by section 86, the fundamental rights and freedoms set out in this Chapter may be further limited by a written law providing for measures to deal with situations arising during a period of public emergency, but only to the extent permitted by this section and the Second Schedule.10
(2) A written law referred to in subsection (1) and any legislative measures taken under that law, must be published in the Gazette.
(3) Any limitation which a written law referred to in subsection (1) imposes on a fundamental right or freedom set out in this Chapter must not be greater than is strictly required by the emergency.
(4) No law that provides for a declaration of a state of emergency, and no legislative or other measure taken in consequence of such a declaration, may—
(a) indemnify, or permit or authorise an indemnity for, the State or any institution or agency of the government at any level, or any other person, in respect of any unlawful act; or
(b) limit any of the rights referred to in section 86(3), or authorise or permit any of those rights to be violated. (Sec. 87)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English
It is not permitted to suspend any of the provisions of this statute except during a state of emergency and within the limits prescribed by the law. (Art. 90)
- Arabic
لا يجوز تعطيل أي حكم من أحكام هذا النظام إلا في أثناء قيام حالة الطوارئ، وفي الحدود التي يبينها القانون. (المادّة ٩٠)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English…
(2) Everyone has the right to freedom based on law, and accordingly, subject to this Constitution-
(a) everyone has the legal right to do anything that-
(i) does not injure others or interfere with the rights and freedoms of others;
... (Sec. 10)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishI. The validity of the declaration of the state of emergency shall depend on the subsequent approval of the Pluri-National Legislative Assembly, which shall take place as soon as circumstances permit, and in all cases, within seventy two hours following the declaration of the state of emergency. The approval of the declaration shall indicate the powers conferred, and it shall maintain strict relation and proportion to the case of necessity addressed by the state of emergency. In general, the rights consecrated in the Constitution shall not be suspended by the declaration of the state of emergency.
… (Art. 138) - SpanishI. La vigencia de la declaración del estado de excepción dependerá de la aprobación posterior de la Asamblea Legislativa Plurinacional, que tendrá lugar apenas las circunstancias lo permitan y, en todo caso, dentro de las siguientes setenta y dos horas a la declaración del estado de excepción. La aprobación de la declaración indicará las facultades conferidas y guardará estricta relación y proporción con el caso de necesidad atendida por el estado de excepción. Los derechos consagrados en la Constitución no quedarán en general suspendidos por la declaración del estado de excepción.
... (Art. 138)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English
The President of the Republic may, after hearing the Council of the Republic and the National Defense Council, decree a state of defense to preserve or to promptly re-establish, in specific and restricted locations, the public order or the social peace threatened by serious and imminent institutional instability or affected by major natural calamities.
Paragraph 1. The decree instituting the state of defense shall determine the period of its duration, shall specify the areas to be encompassed and shall indicate, within the terms and limitations of the law, the coercive measures to be in force from among the following:
I – restrictions to the rights of:
a) assembly, even if held within associations;
b) secrecy of correspondence;
c) secrecy of telegraph and telephone communication;
II – in the event of a public calamity, occupation and temporary use of public property and services, the Union being liable for the resulting damages and costs.
… (Art. 136) - Portuguese
O Presidente da República pode, ouvidos o Conselho da República e o Conselho de Defesa Nacional, decretar estado de defesa para preservar ou prontamente restabelecer, em locais restritos e determinados, a ordem pública ou a paz social ameaçadas por grave e iminente instabilidade institucional ou atingidas por calamidades de grandes proporções na natureza.
§ 1º - O decreto que instituir o estado de defesa determinará o tempo de sua duração, especificará as áreas a serem abrangidas e indicará, nos termos e limites da lei, as medidas coercitivas a vigorarem, dentre as seguintes:
I - restrições aos direitos de:
a) reunião, ainda que exercida no seio das associações;
b) sigilo de correspondência;
c) sigilo de comunicação telegráfica e telefônica;
II - ocupação e uso temporário de bens e serviços públicos, na hipótese de calamidade pública, respondendo a União pelos danos e custos decorrentes.
… (Art. 136)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English1. Laws revising the Constitution shall respect:
…
b) The rights, freedoms and guarantees of citizens;
… (Sec. 156) - Tetum1. Lei kona-ba hala’o revizaun ba Lei-Inan tenke respeita:
…
b) Sidadaun sira-nia direitu, liberdade no garantia;
… (Art. 156) - Portuguese1. As leis de revisão constitucional têm que respeitar:
…
b) Os direitos, liberdades e garantias dos cidadãos;
… (Art. 156)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English(1) Nothing contained in or done under the authority of any law shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of section 5 3 or 15 4 of this Constitution to the extent that the law authorizes the taking during any period when Botswana is at war or any period when a declaration under section 17 5 of this Constitution is in force, of measures that are reasonably justifiable for the purpose of dealing with the situation that exists during that period.
… (Sec. 16)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishThe exercise of these rights of the people are only limited by the rights of others, collective security, general well-being, respect for public order, the Constitution, and the laws. (Art. 45)
- SpanishEl ejercicio de los derechos de las personas solo está limitado por los derechos de los demás, la seguridad colectiva, el bienestar general, el respeto al orden público, a la Constitución y a las leyes. (Art. 45)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English
1. Extraordinary measures may be imposed due to a state of war, state of emergency, or state of natural disaster and last for as long as these states continue.
2. The principles of the activity of public bodies, as well as the extent of limitations on human rights and freedoms during the period of the existence of situations that require extraordinary measures, are defined by law.
3. The law must define the principles, areas and manner of compensation for losses caused as a result of the limitation of human rights and freedoms during the period in which extraordinary measures are imposed.
4. Acts taken as a result of extraordinary measures shall be in proportion with the level of risk and shall aim to re-establish the conditions for the normal functioning of the state, as soon as possible.
5. During the situations that require the imposition of extraordinary measures, none of these acts may be amended: the Constitution, the laws on the election of the Assembly and organs of local government, as well as the laws on extraordinary measures.
6. During the period of implementation of extraordinary measures, there may not be held elections for local government bodies, there may not be a referendum, and a new President of the Republic may not be elected. The elections for the local government bodies may be held only in those places where the extraordinary measures are not implemented. (Art. 170) - Albanian
1. Masat e jashtëzakonshme mund të vendosen për shkak të gjendjes së luftës, gjendjes së jashtëzakonshme ose gjendjes së fatkeqësisë natyrore dhe zgjatin për aq kohë sa vazhdojnë këto gjendje.
2. Parimet e veprimtarisë së organeve publike dhe shkalla e kufizimit të të drejtave dhe lirive të njeriut gjatë gjithë periudhës së ekzistencës së gjendjeve që kërkojnë marrjen e masave të jashtëzakonshme, përcaktohen me ligj.
3. Ligji duhet të përcaktojë parimet, fushat dhe mënyrën e kompensimit të humbjeve që vijnë si rezultat i kufizimit të të drejtave dhe lirive gjatë marrjes së masave të jashtëzakonshme.
4. Aktet që ndërmerren si pasojë e marrjes së masave të jashtëzakonshme, duhet të jenë në përpjesëtim me shkallën e rrezikut dhe duhet të synojnë rivendosjen sa më të shpejtë të kushteve për funksionimin normal të shtetit.
5. Gjatë gjendjeve që kërkojnë marrjen e masave të jashtëzakonshme, nuk mund të ndryshohet asnjë prej këtyre akteve: Kushtetuta, ligjet për zgjedhjet për Kuvendin dhe për organet e pushtetit vendor, si dhe ligjet për masat e jashtëzakonshme.
6. Gjatë periudhës së zbatimit të masave të jashtëzakonshme nuk mund të zhvillohen zgjedhje vendore, nuk mund të zhvillohet referendum, si dhe nuk mund të zgjidhet një President i ri i Republikës. Zgjedhjet vendore mund të bëhen vetëm aty ku nuk zbatohen masat e jashtëzakonshme. (Neni 170)